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Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory

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Contents<br />

1 Introduction 3<br />

2 Axioms 5<br />

3 Natural Numbers 11<br />

3.1 Peano Axioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />

3.2 <strong>Set</strong>-theoretic Definition of IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12<br />

3.3 Order, Induction and Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />

3.4 Transitive Closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17<br />

3.5 Inductive Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />

4 Ordinals 23<br />

4.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23<br />

4.2 Well-order Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27<br />

4.3 Recursion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />

4.4 Fixed Point Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30<br />

4.5 Cumulative Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31<br />

4.6 Initial Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35<br />

4.7 Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36<br />

4.8 Well-ordering of OR × OR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37<br />

5 Axiom of Choice 38<br />

6 Cardinals 41<br />

6.1 Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<br />

6.2 Elementary Properties and Arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<br />

6.3 Cofinality and Regularity (cardinal version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44<br />

6.4 Cofinality and Regularity (ordinal version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />

6.5 Continuum Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50<br />

Bibliography 51<br />

7 Consistency of AC and GCH 53<br />

7.1 Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53<br />

7.2 Logical Background: Interpretation, Inner Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54<br />

7.3 Transitive Inner Models and Absoluteness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57<br />

7.4 Constructible Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62<br />

7.5 Reflection and Löwenheim-Skolem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65<br />

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