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Cross-National Differences in Entrepreneurial Activity following six groupings: (1) four developing Asian countries; (2) five countries from Eastern Europe; (3) 11 members of the European Union (EU) plus Iceland, Israel, Norway and Switzerland; (4) five former British Empire Anglo countries; (5) four Latin American countries; and (6) four developed Asian countries. As Figure 2 illustrates, entrepreneurial activity is uniformly low in the Developed Asian and Eastern European groups, as well as within most of the members of the EU. By contrast, the former British Empire Anglo nations have a relatively higher level of activity, and the Latin American countries are higher still. Yet, it is the Developing Asian countries that have the highest TEA rates. Paradoxically, many of the most and least entrepreneurial countries are located in Asia where they often share the same cultural background and, in some cases, contiguous borders. A more complete understanding of the diversity in this part of the world will be a major focus of future GEM research. Figure 3 presents each of the six regions’ percentage of the total labor force in comparison to its proportion of all those who are entrepreneurially active. The massive populations residing in countries like India and China explain why the Developing Asian countries (with 63 percent of the labor force) are hosting such a large portion (77 percent) of entrepreneurial activity. Latin American and former British Empire Anglo countries contain about the same percent of both labor force and entrepreneurially active individuals. In contrast, the EU, Eastern Europe and the Developed Asian countries possess about 19 percent of the labor force but only 6 percent of those who are involved in entrepreneurship. Both the levels of participation and the consequences, in terms of the numbers of active individuals, vary considerably from region to region. Figure 2: Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) by Global Region 10 Persons per 100 Adults, 18-64 Yrs Old (95% Confidence Interval) 25.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 5.00 Asia Eastern Europe (Developed) – Upper – Average – Lower European Union +4 Former British Empire (Anglo) Latin America Asia (Developing) 0.00 Japan Hong Kong Chinese Taipei Singapore Group Average Russia Croatia Poland Slovenia Hungary Group Average Belgium France Sweden Finland The Netherlands Spain Germany United Kingdom Italy Denmark Israel Switzerland Norway Ireland Iceland Group Average South Africa Australia Canada United States New Zealand Group Average Mexico Brazil Argentina Chile Group Average China Korea India Thailand Group Average
Figure 3: Global Distribution of Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) and Labor Force 80% 77% Percent of Persons 18-64 Yrs Old 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% – GEM 2002 Labor Force – GEM 2002 Entrepreneurial Activity 63% 20% 10% 4% 1% 5% 1% 10% 4% 10% 8% 8% 9% 0% Asia (Developed) Eastern Europe European Union +4 Former British Empire (Anglo) Latin America Asia (Developing) 11
Page 1 and 2: GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP MONITOR 200
Page 3 and 4: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 200
Page 5 and 6: Lists of Tables and Figures List of
Page 7 and 8: Team Denmark Finland France Germany
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary The Global Entrep
Page 11 and 12: Scope of Entrepreneurial Activity O
Page 13: Cross-National Differences in Entre
Page 17 and 18: Table 3: Change in Percent Growth i
Page 19 and 20: Motivations and Types of Entreprene
Page 21 and 22: entrepreneurially active adults exp
Page 23 and 24: Science, Technology and High Potent
Page 25 and 26: Association Between Entrepreneurial
Page 27 and 28: National Context and Entrepreneuria
Page 29 and 30: Special Topics GEM research provide
Page 31 and 32: Correlations between several nation
Page 33 and 34: Figure 9: Domestic Classic Venture
Page 35 and 36: family ownership expected within fi
Page 37 and 38: y which individuals assemble the re
Page 39 and 40: (i.e., motivation and skill) of the
Page 41 and 42: International Database projections
Page 43 and 44: Table E-2: Correlations Between Yea
Page 45 and 46: For more information on the Global
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