Global entrepreneurship report - ResearchGate

Changes in Entrepreneurial
Activity Over Time
The global level of entrepreneurship has
certainly changed over the past three years. As
seen in Table 2, for example, the number of
entrepreneurially active adults among the 20
countries included in GEM 2000 increased from
123 to 133 million between 2000 and 2001, and
then to 161 million in 2002. A similar pattern was
found among the 28 countries in GEM 2001. It is
interesting to note, however, that these increases
occurred despite the fact that the average
participation rate per country fell during this period.
The explanation is that growth in the human
population and entrepreneurial activity of large
developing countries more than offset the decline in
entrepreneurship evidenced among the developed
countries, mostly in Western Europe. Indeed, among
the G-7 countries, while the population and labor
force grew from 689 to 699 million, and 416 to 440
million, respectively, between 2000 and 2002, the
number of entrepreneurially active individuals
Table 2: Aggregate Changes in Total Entrepreneurial
Activity (TEA) Over Time
Data collection year 2000 2001 2002
Number of countries in project 20 28 37
GEM 2002 Countries
TEA index (average across countries) 8.0%
TEA Index (based on total labor force) 12.0%
Lowest TEA level 1.8%
Highest TEA level 18.9%
Total population, all ages (thousands) 3,882,000
Total labor force: 18-64 yrs. (thousands) 2,375,000
Total active in entrepreneurial process (thousands) 286,000
GEM 2001 Countries*
TEA index (average across countries) 9.6% 7.6%
TEA index (based on total labor force) 10.8% 11.8%
Lowest TEA level 4.5% 1.8%
Highest TEA level 20.7% 17.9%
Total population, all ages (thousands) 2,453,000 2,476,000
Total labor force: 18-64 yrs. (thousands) 1,462,000 1,482,000
Total active in entrepreneurial process (thousands) 158,000 175,000
12
GEM 2000 Countries**
TEA index (average across countries) 9.5% 9.2% 7.7%
TEA index (based on total labor force) 10.8% 10.7% 12.8%
Lowest TEA level 4.2% 4.5% 1.8%
Highest TEA level 21.4% 15.5% 17.9%
Total population, all ages (thousands) 2,044,000 2,089,000 2,112,000
Total labor force: 18-64 yrs. (thousands) 1,132,000 1,239,000 1,258,000
Total active in entrepreneurial process (thousands) 123,000 133,000 161,000
G-7 Countries***
TEA index (average across countries) 8.9% 8.7% 5.8%
TEA index (based on total labor force) 10.8% 8.3% 6.7%
Lowest TEA level 5.6% 5.2% 1.8%
Highest TEA level 16.6% 11.6% 10.5%
Total population, all ages (thousands) 689,000.00 696,000 699,000
Total labor force: 18-64 yrs. (thousands) 416,000.00 438,000 440,000
Total active in entrepreneurial process (thousands) 45,000.00 40,000 30,000
*Portugal not in project for 2002, not included for 2001 comparison. **Ireland data for 2000 was not usable; dropped for 2001, 2002 comparisons.
***Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and United States.