o_19f3m1n7k170b14e9u0oqipgu4a.pdf

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1.7 References Department of the Interior/Bureau of Reclamation. Water 2025: Preventing Conflict and Crisis in the West. [Updated 6 June 2003; cited 30 July 2003]. Available from www.doi.gov/water2025/. Gritzuk, M. 2003. Testimony-The Importance of Water Reuse in the 21 st Century, presented by Michael Gritzuk to the Subcommittee on Water & Power Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, March 27, 2003. United Nations Secretariat – Population Division – Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2001. World Urbanization Prospects: The 1999 Revision. ST/ESA/ SER.A/194, USA. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1976. National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. EPA 570/ 9-76-003, Washington, D.C. World Heath Organization (WHO). Water Sanitation and Health (WSH). [Updated 2003; cited 31 July 2003]. Available from www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/wastewater. 5
Page 2 and 3: EPA/625/R-04/108 September 2004 Gui
Page 4: Foreword In an effort to help meet
Page 7 and 8: Chapter Page 2.3.3.2 Site Use Contr
Page 9 and 10: Chapter Page 3.6.3.3 Land Applicati
Page 11 and 12: Chapter Page 6.4 Incremental Versus
Page 13 and 14: Chapter Page 8.5.20.1Drarga, Morocc
Page 15 and 16: Table Page 3-6 Typical Pathogen Sur
Page 17 and 18: Table Page 8-10 Major Reuse Project
Page 19 and 20: Figure Page 2-19 Available Reclaime
Page 22 and 23: Acknowledgements The Guidelines for
Page 24 and 25: William Everest Orange County Water
Page 26 and 27: *Dr. Christopher Scott, P.E. Intern
Page 28 and 29: Robert Whitley Whitley, Burchett an
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER 1 Introduction The world’
Page 32 and 33: water treatment and disposal. Under
Page 36 and 37: CHAPTER 2 Types of Reuse Applicatio
Page 38 and 39: dential second meter was approximat
Page 40 and 41: equirements for a dual distribution
Page 42 and 43: grading the potable water system (J
Page 44 and 45: spray upward to mix with air. This
Page 46 and 47: ines. Bicarbonate alkalinity, under
Page 48 and 49: Table 2-4. Industrial Process Water
Page 50 and 51: • Significant water conservation
Page 52 and 53: For example, reclaimed water is use
Page 54 and 55: Table 2-7. Recommended Limits for C
Page 56 and 57: however, when reclaimed water is us
Page 58 and 59: Wetlands do not provide treatment o
Page 60 and 61: phasis on creating a product that c
Page 62 and 63: Table 2-8. Comparison of Major Engi
Page 64 and 65: are called rapid infiltration basin
Page 66 and 67: Table 2-9. Water Quality at Phoenix
Page 68 and 69: iological constituents are removed
Page 70 and 71: decreasing pH and soluble organics
Page 72 and 73: Figure 2-8. Contaminants Regulated
Page 74 and 75: 2.6.3 Groundwater Recharge for Indi
Page 76 and 77: in the advanced wastewater treatmen
Page 78 and 79: Urban Industrial Agricultural Secti
Page 80 and 81: 2.7.3 How Using Potable Supplies to
Page 82 and 83: Figure 2-13. Estimated Potable Wate
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hydraulic model is being used in co
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extent possible. The City is constr
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Table 2-14. Treatment Processes for
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The permitted flow of 3.3 mgd (12.5
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flows into Lake Tohopekaliga, by Ma
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a degree over the years that electr
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Table 2-15. Field Sites for Wetland
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water application to the point of g
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- Produced an annual average of 201
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Florida Department of Environmental
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of Aquifer Recharge for Sustainabil
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CHAPTER 3 Technical Issues In Plann
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The value of reclaimed water - even
Page 110 and 111:
municipal supplies, creating an ind
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Figure 3-4. Wastewater Treatment Re
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gram. During 2002, the County’s 3
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sewer bearing flows to a WWTF passe
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local jurisdictions the ability to
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a reuse site can be restricted so t
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Table 3-2. Infectious Agents Potent
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iophage are viruses that infect bac
Page 126 and 127:
Table 3-6. Typical Pathogen Surviva
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Table 3-8. Summary of Florida Patho
Page 130 and 131:
tices (Lund, 1980; Feachem et al.,
Page 132 and 133:
Table 3-11. Inorganic and Organic C
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(Desbrow et al., 1998 and Snyder et
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of 1,4-dioxane to the sewer system
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first public access reuse facility
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the 1980s, membrane technology was
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higher degree of solids removal. Op
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Table 3-14. Summary of Class I Reli
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d. Instrumentation and Control Majo
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entire yield of the source is not r
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1985). The average annual rainfall
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l/s) at pressures of 120 psi (830 k
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• Provide for the physical separa
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sure principal backflow preventer o
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Figure 3-17. Anticipated Daily Recl
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permit if they do not endanger unde
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taining a wetlands ecosystem and fo
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Reuse System Management Water Suppl
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4. Selection of acceptable risk lev
Page 168 and 169:
CDM. 1991. “Boca Raton Reuse Mast
Page 170 and 171:
“Recognizing Reclaimed Water as a
Page 172 and 173:
National Research Council. Washingt
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Slifko, T.R., H.V. Smith, and J.B.
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York, D.W., L. Walker-Coleman, and
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CHAPTER 4 Water Reuse Regulations a
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• Groundwater recharge - using ei
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It is important to understand that
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Table 4-5. Agricultural Reuse - Foo
Page 186 and 187:
Table 4-6. Agricultural Reuse - Non
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ter quality and treatment requireme
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Table 4-11. Groundwater Recharge (1
Page 192 and 193:
Table 4-12. Indirect Potable Reuse
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thus, application rates are often f
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Table 4-13. Suggested Guidelines fo
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Table 4-13. Suggested Guidelines fo
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cific for coliform organisms of fec
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euse, like groundwater recharge by
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CHAPTER 5 Legal and Institutional I
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Some states issue permits to the ow
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5.2.2 Water Efficiency Goals Water
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5.4 Safe Drinking Water Act - Sourc
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developed and periodically revised,
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approved. This topic is addressed m
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pipes for the reclaimed and potable
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waste of water (California Water Co
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acreage and a preliminary survey of
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Pinellas County Application for Rec
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inspection is completed in 45 to 60
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filtration was the most efficient o
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CHAPTER 6 Funding Water Reuse Syste
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geographical limits of the borrower
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Water Resources Act of 2000; PL 106
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claimed water may have to be priced
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an ocean outfall used as the primar
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6.6 Sample Rates and Fees 6.6.1 Con
Page 240 and 241:
Figure 6-1. Comparison of Reclaimed
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more proactive role in addressing l
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(4,380 l/s) of peak wastewater flow
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state was faced with a drought, but
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In considering rates to this indust
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CHAPTER 7 Public Involvement Progra
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gram will be favorable enough to pr
Page 254 and 255:
Figure 7-1. Public Beliefs and Opin
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Figure 7-4. Public Participation Pr
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ing issues related to the topic. So
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7.4.4 Public Information Through Im
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Phase 1 (issuance of special proper
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possible and to avoid an “us vers
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Students test the wastewater at 2 d
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committee of Reuse Nevada to ensure
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Chapter 8 Water Reuse Outside the U
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the increase in the cost of potable
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low cost alternative resource for a
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esource for a number of purposes in
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This section provides an overview o
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Table 8-4. Summary of Water Recycli
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ecause of limited land availability
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The enterprises responsible for wat
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Table 8-6. Summary of Australian Re
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Table 8-7. Water Demand and Water A
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Approximately 500,000 m 3 /d (132 m
Page 292 and 293:
Table 8-10. Major Reuse Projects Pl
Page 294 and 295:
At present, there is no national st
Page 296 and 297:
8.5.15 Japan Because of the country
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and reclamation plant. The plant, d
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ministrative reorganization. One po
Page 302 and 303:
Table 8-15. Plant Performance Param
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is relatively high, as measured in
Page 306 and 307:
The NEWater is reclaimed from munic
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infection. The major leap forward i
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Table 8-17. Wastewater Treatment Pl
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Treatment Works. The discharge cons
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Food and Agriculture Organization o
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Appendix A State Reuse Regulations
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Table A-1. Unrestricted Urban Reuse
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Table A-2. Restricted Urban Reuse 3
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Table A-3. Agricultural Reuse - Foo
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Table A-4. Agricultural Reuse - Non
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Table A-5. Unrestricted Recreationa
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393 Table A-5. Unrestricted Recreat
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Table A-5. Unrestricted Recreationa
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397 Table A-6. Restricted Recreatio
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Table A-6. Restricted Recreational
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Table A-6. Restricted Recreational
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Table A-7. Environmental - Wetlands
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Table A-7. Environmental - Wetlands
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Table A-8. Industrial Reuse 407 Sta
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Table A-9. Groundwater Recharge 419
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Table A-10. Indirect Potable Reuse
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Appendix B State Websites 439
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Appendix B. State Website Internet
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Appendix C Abbreviations and Acrony
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Abbreviations for Units of Measure
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Appendix D Inventory of Reclaimed W
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Appendix D: Inventory of Water Reus
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&EPA United States Environmental Pr
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