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Table A-10. Indirect Potable Reuse 429 State California Florida Reclaimed Water Quality and Treatment Requirements • Determined on a case-by-case basis • Based on all relevant aspects of each project, including the following factors: treatment provided; effluent quality and quantity; spreading area operations; soil characteristics; hydrogeology; residence time and distance to withdrawal Discharge to Class I surface waters and to water contiguous to or tributary to Class I waters (less than 4 hours travel time): • Secondary treatment with filtration and high-level disinfection • Chemical feed facilities to be provided • 5 mg/l TSS Reclaimed Water Monitoring Requirements Treatment Facility Reliability Storage Requirements Loading Rates Groundwater Monitoring • • • • • • Continuous on-line monitoring for turbidity before application of the disinfectant • Continuous monitoring for chlorine residual or for residual concentrations of other disinfectants • Treatment facilities designed to • Class I reliability - requires multiple or backup treatment units and a secondary power source • For treatment facilities required to provide full treatment and disinfection - minimum reject storage • System storage not required • If system storage is provided, at a minimum, system storage capacity shall be the volume equal to 3 times the portion of the average daily flow for which no alternative reuse or • Reasonable assurances must be provided that the hydraulic loading rates used in the design must enable the system to comply with the requirements while meeting applicable surface water and • Required • 1 upgradient well located as close as possible to the site without being affected by the site’s discharge (background well) • 1 well at the edge of the zone of discharge down-gradient of the site Setback Distances • Outfalls for surface water discharges not to be located within 500 feet of existing or approved potable water intakes within Class I surface waters • Zones of discharge not to extend closer than 500 feet to a potable water Other • Involves the planned use of reclaimed water to augment Class F-1, G-1, or G-II groundwaters identified for potable water use and defined as groundwater recharge in regulations • Types of groundwater (1) Distances are from edge of wetted perimeter unless otherwise noted.
Table A-10. Indirect Potable Reuse 430 State Reclaimed Water Quality and Treatment Requirements (single sample) to be achieved prior to disinfection • Total nitrogen - 10 mg/l (maximum annual average) • Primary (except asbestos) and secondary drinking water standards must be met • pH to fall within range established in secondary drinking water standards • TOC - 3 mg/l (monthly average) - 5 mg/l (single sample) Use of rapid-rate land application systems for projects considered reuse for groundwater recharge under 62-610.525: • Secondary treatment with filtration and Reclaimed Water Monitoring Requirements meet the full treatment and disinfection requirements to sample for TOC and total organic halogen daily, 7 days per week • Total coliforms and TSS analyzed daily if treatment facility is required to meet bacteriological requirements of the drinking water standards • Parameters listed as primary drinking water standards that are imposed as reclaimed water limits to be analyzed monthly • Parameters listed as secondary drinking water standards that are imposed Treatment Facility Reliability capacity equal to 3 day’s flow at the average daily permitted flow of the treatment plant or the average daily permitted flow of the reuse system, whichever is less • If full treatment and disinfection is not required, the capacity requirement for reject storage shall be reduced to one day’s flow • Reject storage will not be required if another permitted reuse system or effluent disposal system is capable of discharging the reject water in accordance with requirements Storage Requirements disposal system is permitted • Water balance required with volume of storage based on a 10-year recurrence interval and a minimum of 20 years of climatic data • Not required if alternative system is incorporated into the system design to ensure continuous facility operation Loading Rates groundwater quality standards • A groundwater mounding analysis is to be included in the engineering report for projects involving discharges to groundwater and should provide reasonable assurances that the proposed project will function as intended and will not result in excessive mounding of groundwaters, increases in surface water elevations, property damage or interference with reasonable use of property within the affected area Groundwater Monitoring (compliance well) • 1 well downgradient from the site and within the zone of discharge (intermediate well) • 1 well located adjacent to unlined storage ponds or lakes • Other wells may be required depending on site-specific criteria • Quarterly monitoring required for water level, nitrate, total dissolved solids, arsenic, cadmium, chloride, chromium, lead, fecal coliform, pH, and sulfate • Monitoring may be required for additional Setback Distances supply well • 1,000 foot setback distance from injection well used for salinity barrier control to potable water supply wells Injection facilities: • 500 feet to potable water supply wells that are existing or have been approved; Class I surface waters; or Class II surface waters • Setback distance to Class I and Class II surface waters reduced to 100 feet if highlevel disinfection is provided • 100 feet to buildings not part of the treatment facility, utilities Other recharge systems include injection of reclaimed water into Class F-1, G-1, or G-II groundwaters, specific rapidrate land application systems, use of reclaimed water to create barriers to the landward or upward migration of salt water within Class F-1, G-1, or G-II groundwaters and discharge to surface waters which are directly connected to Class F-1, G-I or G-II groundwaters • Indirect potable reuse Involves the planned use of reclaimed water to (1) Distances are from edge of wetted perimeter unless otherwise noted.
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EPA/625/R-04/108 September 2004 Gui
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Foreword In an effort to help meet
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Chapter Page 2.3.3.2 Site Use Contr
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Chapter Page 3.6.3.3 Land Applicati
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Chapter Page 6.4 Incremental Versus
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Chapter Page 8.5.20.1Drarga, Morocc
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Table Page 3-6 Typical Pathogen Sur
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Table Page 8-10 Major Reuse Project
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Figure Page 2-19 Available Reclaime
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Acknowledgements The Guidelines for
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William Everest Orange County Water
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*Dr. Christopher Scott, P.E. Intern
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Robert Whitley Whitley, Burchett an
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction The world’
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water treatment and disposal. Under
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1.7 References Department of the In
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Florida, has been in operation sinc
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• Prevention of improper operatio
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industrial uses must also be added
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following indirect impacts associat
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2. Identification of metal alloys i
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Table 2-3. North Richmond Water Rec
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2.2.3.4 Petroleum and Coal Processe
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tration and excess application is r
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or very low calcium content in the
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e attributable to different types o
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environmental enhancements (wetland
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The Yelm, Washington, project in Co
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Figure 2-6. Three Engineered Method
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the development of anaerobic condit
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Figure 2-7. Schematic of Soil-Aquif
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zone injection wells as compared to
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metabolism. One would expect simila
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A guiding principle in the developm
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source control and protection progr
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not dissimilar from those that coul
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Table 2-12. San Diego Potable Reuse
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Figure 2-9. Water Resources at RCID
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Figure 2-11. Estimated Potable Wate
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The obvious question that must be a
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Figure 2-15. North Phoenix Reclaime
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effective through a test program fu
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It is important to note that, in al
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achieve compliance with a streamflo
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gallons of stored water (143,850 m
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feet per year (130 mgd or 492,100 m
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euse site, and (2) produce a reliab
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As outlined in the Water Conservati
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Calabrese, E.J., C.E. Gilbert, and
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Johns, F.L., R. J. Neal, and R. P.
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Southwest Florida Water Management
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3.1.1 Preliminary Investigations Th
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should be known including the prese
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Figure 3-3. Fresh Water Source, Use
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which consists primarily of landsca
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Figure 3-7. Potable and Reclaimed W
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quirements for water reuse applicat
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of tourists, and seasons of high fl
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must either directly or indirectly
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uct is commonly referenced as the
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isms that may be found in raw and s
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Table 3-7 Pathogens in Untreated an
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Table 3-10 Some Suggested Alternati
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3.4.1.7 Chemical Constituents The c
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The health effects resulting from o
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consistent results, indicating that
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The chlorine dosage required to dis
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trite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen
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Table 3-13a. Microfiltration Remova
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• All water pollution control fac
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discharge the wastewater to approve
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lection of how control valves respo
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tuations, which can affect system r
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salts from the root zone or to inte
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Figure 3-14. Example of a Multiple
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der some circumstances, using a rec
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Though inspection and review regula
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Figure 3-18. TDS Increase Due to Ev
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hanced, wetlands application may be
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der this provision, reclaimed water
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Figure 3-21. Irrigation Lateral Sep
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Ahel M., W. Giger W., and M. Koch.
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Federal Water Quality Administratio
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Klingel, K., C. Hohenadl, A. Canu,
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ter Treatment Plant Effluent. Unive
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124503. Environmental Monitoring an
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148
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Figure 4-1. California Water Reuse
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Table 4-1. Summary of State Reuse R
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average) except when reclaimed wate
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water quality requirements vary fro
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Table 4-7. Unrestricted Recreationa
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Table 4-10. Industrial Reuse (1) Ar
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and Washington) have regulations or
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is delivered to the reuse system on
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• Agricultural Reuse - Food Crops
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Table 4-13. Suggested Guidelines fo
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Footnotes 1. These guidelines are b
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genic microorganisms during the dis
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174
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5.1.1 Appropriative Rights System T
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5.2 Section 5.2 “Water Supply and
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egulations that establish criteria
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sons ranging from health effects to
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nonpotable systems, or the installa
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thorization of entities with whom t
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if reclaimed water is available whi
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cost of its operation • MRWPCA wi
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Pinellas County Utilities - STANDAR
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Owner’s Full Name and Service Add
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eclaimed water of sufficient qualit
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fourth element addresses the coordi
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6.2 • Economic - delay in or avoi
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tion of ordinances or regulations t
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One example of such a capital contr
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allowed the City to postpone expans
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General and administrative costs sh
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Table 6-2. User Fees for Existing U
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urse its water and wastewater reven
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Table 6-4. Estimated Capital and Ma
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new service; (2) the fees charged c
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Table 6-9. Percent Costs Recovered
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Washington State Department of Ecol
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A public participation program can
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Table 7-1. Positive and Negative Re
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Figure 7-3. Survey Results for Diff
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sults, monitor the effectiveness of
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grams, the user is concerned with t
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Table 7-3. Trade Reactions and Expe
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to remind homeowners about dry seas
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developed to enhance and improve th
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• Protect public health and the e
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the survey respondents claimed to k
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Table 8-1. Sources of Water in Seve
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of water scarcity, meaning that in
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wastewater treatment to produce usa
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Water Supply and Sanitation Coverag
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Table 8-3. Summary of Water Quality
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The government of Tasmania, Austral
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Table 8-5. Life-Cycle Cost of Typic
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ment, at which stage, around 9,000
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There was another attempt to reuse
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tor for water reuse at a national l
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8.5.9 France France’s water resou
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treatment. Enteric diseases, anemia
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The 2 largest reuse projects are th
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Table 8-11. Uses of Reclaimed Water
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Table 8-13. Reclaimed Water Standar
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Another key element of the Drarga p
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high reliability of wastewater, the
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d (30 mgd) of reclaimed water for n
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authorities. These authorities are
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Over 40 irrigation projects have be
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terms and general conditions of rec
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8.5.35 Zimbabwe In Zimbabwe, water
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Scott, C. A., J. A. Zarazua, G. Lev
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Table A-1. Unrestricted Urban Reuse
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Table A-2. Restricted Urban Reuse 3
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Table A-2. Restricted Urban Reuse S
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Table A-3. Agricultural Reuse - Foo
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Table A-4. Agricultural Reuse - Non
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Page 407 and 408: Table A-4. Agricultural Reuse - Non
Page 419 and 420: 390 Table A-5. Unrestricted Recreat
Page 421 and 422: Table A-5. Unrestricted Recreationa
Page 423 and 424: Table A-5. Unrestricted Recreationa
Page 425 and 426: Table A-6. Restricted Recreational
Page 431 and 432: Table A-7. Environmental - Wetlands
Page 433 and 434: Table A-7. Environmental - Wetlands
Page 435 and 436: Table A-8. Industrial Reuse 406 Sta
Page 447 and 448: Table A-9. Groundwater Recharge 418
Page 457: Table A-9. Groundwater Recharge Sta
Page 461 and 462: Table A-10. Indirect Potable Reuse
Page 469 and 470: Appendix B. State Website Internet
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Page 473 and 474: Acronyms AID U.S. Agency for Intern
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Page 477 and 478: Appendix D: Inventory of Water Reus
Page 479 and 480: Appendix D: Inventory of Water Reus
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