investigation of a prototype industrial gas turbine combustor using ...

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LIST OF FIGURES 4.3 Schematic energy level diagram for the OH radical. . . . . 33 4.4 Schlieren set up using two mirrors and a light source. . . . 35 4.5 Schlieren image for methane at equivalence ratio 1. . . . . 36 5.1 Borghi diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.2 Schematic illustration of the reaction path for methane. . 43 5.3 Temperature influence on NO X and CO emissions. . . . . 44 5.4 Influence of equivalence ratio on CO emissions. . . . . . . 45 5.5 Schematic illustration of the reaction path for nitrogen. . 48 5.6 NO X emissions for varying RPL equivalence ratios. . . . . 49 5.7 NO X emissions with varying fuel partitioning. . . . . . . . 49 5.8 NO X concentration for the full burner. . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5.9 The normalized velocity profiles for the 10 mm nozzle. . . 53 5.10 Variation of stretch with radius. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 5.11 Stretch correlated laminar flame speed measurements. . . 55 5.12 Change in lean blowout limit for syngas. . . . . . . . . . . 57 5.13 Change in lean blowout limit for methane. . . . . . . . . . 58 5.14 Single pulse OH-LIF images for varying equivalence ratios. 59 5.15 The LBO residence times for the second PSR. . . . . . . . 60 5.16 The reactor temperatures in the first PSR. . . . . . . . . . 61 5.17 Stability range for typical gas turbine combustors. . . . . 62 5.18 Mean velocity fields from PIV measurements. . . . . . . . 63 5.19 Single shot PIV image showing counter rotating eddies. . 64 A.1 POD mode from PIV measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 A.2 POD mode from CFD calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 A.3 Illustration of the numerical PVC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 A.4 Fractional energy contained in the first 10 modes. . . . . . 82 A.5 Mode 1 (modal pair 1) for the PVC. . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 A.6 Mode 2 (modal pair 1) for the PVC. . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 A.7 Mode 3 (modal pair 2) for the PVC. . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 A.8 POD ensemble coefficients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 xx
List of Tables 3.1 Gas composition for laminar flame experiments . . . . . . 19 3.2 Gas composition for the atmospheric burner experiments . 22 5.1 Reaction pathways for nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 xxi
Page 1 and 2: INVESTIGATION OF A PROTOTYPE INDUST
Page 3 and 4: Populärvetenskaplig Sammanfattning
Page 5 and 6: Abstract In this thesis, the effect
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements Without inspiring
Page 9 and 10: List of Papers In this thesis 9 pap
Page 11 and 12: NOMENCLATURE A pre exponential fact
Page 13 and 14: Greek symbols α flame half angle
Page 15: LIF PFR PIV POD PSR RPL SGT SIT SOT
Page 18 and 19: CONTENTS 4.2 OH-Laser Induced Fluor
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 1 Introduction Throughout h
Page 25 and 26: 1.2. Objectives ature zones of the
Page 27 and 28: 1.5. Outline of thesis setup to inv
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 2 Gas Turbine Combustor To
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.2: Temperature entropy dia
Page 33 and 34: 2.1. The combustor Figure 2.3: Ther
Page 35 and 36: 2.1. The combustor Figure 2.5: Cros
Page 37 and 38: 2.1. The combustor Figure 2.7: Illu
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 3 Experimental setups The g
Page 41 and 42: 3.2. The atmospheric full burner se
Page 43 and 44: 3.2. The atmospheric full burner se
Page 45 and 46: 3.3. The pressurized central body b
Page 47 and 48: 3.3. The pressurized central body b
Page 49 and 50: 3.4. The pressurized full burner se
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 4 Diagnostic methods Severa
Page 53 and 54: 4.1. Particle Image Velocimetry the
Page 55 and 56: 4.2. OH-Laser Induced Fluorescence
Page 57 and 58: 4.3. Schlieren imaging beam between
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER 5 Combustor theory - Combus
Page 61 and 62: 5.1. The Borghi diagram The corresp
Page 63 and 64: 5.2. Combustion chemistry Changing
Page 65 and 66: 5.2. Combustion chemistry Figure 5.
Page 67 and 68: 5.2. Combustion chemistry Figure 5.
Page 69 and 70: 5.2. Combustion chemistry reactions
Page 71 and 72:
5.2. Combustion chemistry Figure 5.
Page 73 and 74:
5.3. Chemistry and fluid dynamics c
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
5.4. Fluid dynamics in a swirl comb
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
CHAPTER 6 Concluding remarks This t
Page 89 and 90:
ecirculation zone for the same sett
Page 91 and 92:
CHAPTER 7 Summary of publications P
Page 93 and 94:
Paper III: Investigation of a Premi
Page 95 and 96:
Paper VI: CFD Investigation of Swir
Page 97 and 98:
Paper IX: Experimental Investigatio
Page 99:
Appendices 77
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A. Flow visualization using Proper
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 109 and 110:
Bibliography [1] Genrup, M., and Th
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[17] Syred, N., and Beér, J. M., 1
Page 113 and 114:
[37] Samimy, M., and Lele, S. K., 1
Page 115 and 116:
[58] DARS - Software for Digital An
Page 117 and 118:
like combustor: Experimental result
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