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2. Gas Turbine Combustor By setting the reaction order, n, to 2 and the Reynolds exponent, a, to 0.5, the same θ factor as defined in Equation 2.4 is found. This equation has been found to correlate well with experimental data [14]. In order to get good correlation with syngas, it may be necessary to choose different exponents in Equation 2.8. However, as syngas fuels have a higher laminar flame speed, there should be no negative influence on combustion efficiency by using the existing design parameters. For fuels with lower flame speed than methane, this design procedure might overestimate the combustion efficiency of a burner when using these fuels. To compensate for the lower burning velocities for fuels as diluted methane it is necessary to have a long residence time in the liner. The length of the liner used in this thesis was designed to give a residence time above 10 ms. The residence time was chosen to fulfill SIT specifications. Walsh and Fletcher [12] states that the minimum time should be minimum 3 ms for conventional combustors. 16
CHAPTER 3 Experimental setups The goal of the thesis was to experimentally examine how an industrial burner handles a range of fuels from the standard fuel, e.g. natural gas, to low calorific gases and syngas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. To facilitate the experimental investigations four separate experimental setups was created. The setups were: 1. The laminar flame speed setup [30] 2. The atmospheric full burner setup [21-23] 3. The pressurized central body burner (RPL) setup [31, 32] 4. The pressurized full burner setup [31] The descriptions of the different setups in the sections below are written to supplement the descriptions of the setups in the presented publications [21-23, 30-32]. Some of the information in this chapter can also be found in the presented publications. 17
Page 1 and 2: INVESTIGATION OF A PROTOTYPE INDUST
Page 3 and 4: Populärvetenskaplig Sammanfattning
Page 5 and 6: Abstract In this thesis, the effect
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements Without inspiring
Page 9 and 10: List of Papers In this thesis 9 pap
Page 11 and 12: NOMENCLATURE A pre exponential fact
Page 13 and 14: Greek symbols α flame half angle
Page 15: LIF PFR PIV POD PSR RPL SGT SIT SOT
Page 18 and 19: CONTENTS 4.2 OH-Laser Induced Fluor
Page 20 and 21: LIST OF FIGURES 4.3 Schematic energ
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 1 Introduction Throughout h
Page 25 and 26: 1.2. Objectives ature zones of the
Page 27 and 28: 1.5. Outline of thesis setup to inv
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 2 Gas Turbine Combustor To
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.2: Temperature entropy dia
Page 33 and 34: 2.1. The combustor Figure 2.3: Ther
Page 35 and 36: 2.1. The combustor Figure 2.5: Cros
Page 37: 2.1. The combustor Figure 2.7: Illu
Page 41 and 42: 3.2. The atmospheric full burner se
Page 43 and 44: 3.2. The atmospheric full burner se
Page 45 and 46: 3.3. The pressurized central body b
Page 47 and 48: 3.3. The pressurized central body b
Page 49 and 50: 3.4. The pressurized full burner se
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 4 Diagnostic methods Severa
Page 53 and 54: 4.1. Particle Image Velocimetry the
Page 55 and 56: 4.2. OH-Laser Induced Fluorescence
Page 57 and 58: 4.3. Schlieren imaging beam between
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER 5 Combustor theory - Combus
Page 61 and 62: 5.1. The Borghi diagram The corresp
Page 63 and 64: 5.2. Combustion chemistry Changing
Page 65 and 66: 5.2. Combustion chemistry Figure 5.
Page 69 and 70: 5.2. Combustion chemistry reactions
Page 73 and 74: 5.3. Chemistry and fluid dynamics c
Page 81 and 82: 5.4. Fluid dynamics in a swirl comb
Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 6 Concluding remarks This t
Page 89 and 90:
ecirculation zone for the same sett
Page 91 and 92:
CHAPTER 7 Summary of publications P
Page 93 and 94:
Paper III: Investigation of a Premi
Page 95 and 96:
Paper VI: CFD Investigation of Swir
Page 97 and 98:
Paper IX: Experimental Investigatio
Page 99:
Appendices 77
Page 102 and 103:
A. Flow visualization using Proper
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 109 and 110:
Bibliography [1] Genrup, M., and Th
Page 111 and 112:
[17] Syred, N., and Beér, J. M., 1
Page 113 and 114:
[37] Samimy, M., and Lele, S. K., 1
Page 115 and 116:
[58] DARS - Software for Digital An
Page 117 and 118:
like combustor: Experimental result
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