DoD Responses to Transnational Threats - The Black Vault

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Major Military Conflicts Major Transnational Threat Action • Imminence of action normally detected and degree of response underway, if not prior, at least by commencement of hostilities • Vital US interest at stake which results in direct US intervention • Nation committed to war with another State • Purpose of commitment clear in public’s eyes and usually widely supported • Unlikely that US soil attacked; combat casualties normally explainable and tolerated • Military campaigns usually contained and lead to a decisive conclusion • Coalition partners often join due to coincidence of interests • Potentially low signatures; often a total surprise to leadership and casualties • Significant US casualties lost and/or vital US capability destroyed • Nation may not have a target to attack; possibly seen as impotent • Purpose of attack may be unclear and difficult to explain • Risk of attack on US soil both likely and becoming more easily carried out • Unanswered actions may lead to additional “copycat” actions by other transnational groups • Reluctance for other nations to become directly involved; seen as internal matter or cost of involvement seen as too risky (becoming target also) • Success of persistent or pervasive actions likely to necessitate restrictions of democratic freedoms and individual liberties Figure 7. Major Military Conflict vs. Transnational Threats The task force recommends that to effectively counter this escalating threat, the President must raise the national consciousness across the government – at the federal, state, and local levels – as well as with our principal allies and coalition partners. In turn, the Department of Defense must treat countering transnational threats as a major DoD mission, with the same emphasis as major military conflicts. This involves including transnational threats in departmental guidance and strategy, in the planning and budgeting processes, and in training and exercises. This is not a new mission for DoD, but a different and difficult challenge to the traditional mission. Recommendation: Treat transnational threats as a major national issue and major DoD mission. ⇒ The President must raise the emphasis on countering transnational threats, both in DoD and across the government, extending to the state and local levels. ◊ A proactive interagency organization and process that exercises and tests the interfaces between federal, state, local, and international elements is needed. ⇒ The Secretary of Defense must treat countering transnational threats with the same emphasis as major military conflicts. ◊ Focus in the Defense Guidance. ◊ Define as an element of the National Military Strategy. ◊ Focus planning and budgeting processes to ensure strong operational capabilities, including training and exercises, operational concept development, and new equipment. ◊ Institute “red teams” to examine DoD efforts from the view point of the adversary and to measure progress against “world class” transnational threats. ⇒ The Secretary of Energy should commit to a corresponding mission emphasis in the Department of Energy. 22
Existing Structures and Processes The transnational threat challenge requires a “three-tiered” response, as illustrated in Figure 8: 1) A global response, for international concerns, that is supported by a strong body of international policy, agreements, cooperation, and trust. 2) A regional response, in which the regional Commanders-in-Chief have primary responsibilities, including force readiness and force protection measures against both national and transnational threats. Interaction with coalition partner nations is critical. 3) A force level response, which focuses on force protection as a fundamental readiness mission requirement across the spectrum of threats. ◆ Global Response – International policy and agreements – Globally shared interactive information system ◆ Regional Response: CINC Responsibilities – Clear regional commander responsibility -- force readiness and force protection measures – Basic coalition mission requirement for cohesion and effectiveness – Worldwide information flow into a shared theater system ◆ Force Level Response: Force Protection Focus – Fundamental mission requirement – Key readiness issue – Readiness standards – Formal “Red Team” evaluation – Full threat spectrum focus – End-To-End Perspective – Access to theaterwide information flow with dedicated local focus cell Figure 8. Three-Tiered Response to the Transnational Threat Underlying all levels of this tiered response is a shared information system, described in the next chapter, that has reach from the global level, to theater-wide information sharing, to information flow dedicated to a local unit. Such a capability is essential to allow all users access to the information they need, from all available sources. It gives users at each level the opportunity to access and tailor information to meet their particular needs, to make adjustments as needs change over time, to provide information derived locally to higher authorities, and to access the wide variety of global collection assets. This three-tiered response should capitalize on the parallelism between domestic preparedness, local force protection, and a major theater war. There is a strong synergy between the demands of force projection, force protection, and civil protection, as depicted in Figure 9. A robust force protection capability is critical to meet US security needs and maintain the nation’s 23
Page 1 and 2: The Defense Science Board 1997 Summ
Page 3 and 4: OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
Page 5 and 6: 1997 DSB SUMMER STUDY DoD Responses
Page 7 and 8: VOLUME II - FORCE PROTECTION PREFAC
Page 9 and 10: PREFACE The Defense Science Board h
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY With the change i
Page 13 and 14: to accomplish. An enhanced force pr
Page 15 and 16: crucial and thus the task force end
Page 17: CHAPTER 1. Setting the Stage “Thi
Page 20 and 21: At the request of the Chairman, Joi
Page 22 and 23: iological agents. Others involve ch
Page 24 and 25: In summary, DoD has many unique cap
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Page 84 and 85: DoD Response Capabilities & Options
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will facilitate development of sear
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2. The Secretary of Defense should
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• Assign the military services re
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• The Department of Energy’s na
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• DoD should continue, under Nunn
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violet searchlights” might be use
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implement defense information warfa
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ANNEX D: Summary of Laws and Execut
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In emergency situations, several ex
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protection and training, for physic
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6. Defense Against Weapons of Mass
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DoD Responses to Transnational Threats - The Black Vault

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