Research Highlights of the CIMMYT Wheat Program 1999-2000

In both years three of the four highest yielding
entries in CWANA originated from IWWIP. In
general, IWWIP lines selected in either Turkey or
Mexico perform well in CWANA (see results
below). However, they often lack the
winterhardiness required in CEE, since winters in
Turkey and Mexico are much milder than in CEE.
Furthermore, the IWWIP emphasizes winter x
spring crosses. Cultivars derived from such crosses
have sufficient cold tolerance for most areas in
CWANA. An important factor that limits
adaptation is the different disease spectra in
CWANA and in CEE. Most IWWIP cultivars are
resistant to yellow rust virulences prevailing in
CWANA, whereas many lines from CEE and the
Great Plains are susceptible. On the other hand, the
widely adapted cultivars from CEE combine
resistance/tolerance to powdery mildew, septoria,
fusarium, and leaf rust, diseases of only local
importance in the facultative and winter wheat
areas of CWANA.
Though few lines perform well in both regions, in
general there is a clear separation. TAM 200 and
MV Martina had the second and third highest yield
in 1 st and 2 nd WWEERYT, respectively, but were
among the lowest yielding entries in CWANA.
Similarly, Shark-1 and Kinaci 97 had the highest
yield in CWANA, but only mediocre yields in CEE.
This is not surprising, since yellow rust, the main
disease in CWANA, is important only in Romania,
whereas most lines selected in CWANA are
susceptible to powder mildew, fusarium, leaf rust,
and septoria, and less winter-hardy in the CEE
region.
Fourth Elite Yield Trial for
Irrigated Areas (EYT-IRR)
The Elite Yield Trial is grown in three replications
and has 25 entries, including four long-term checks
(Bezostaya, Kinaci, Katia, and Sultan) and one local
check. Data from 23 sites in CWANA and from one
site each in Morocco, Portugal, and Spain were
available for analysis. Results for the checks and
the highest yielding entries across eight locations in
Central Asia-Caucasus, six locations in Iran, nine in
Turkey, and five on the Anatolian Plateau are given
in Table 2.
The highest yielding entries were Burbot-4,
RPB868/CHRC//UT1567.121/3/ TJB368.251/
BUC, WXD880137A-9H-0YC-1YC-0YC-0YC-1YC-
0YC, and Shark/F4105. Burbot derives from an F3
from Oregon and is relatively late maturing. It
takes advantage of the full-irrigation regimes
applied mostly on experiment stations. Both entries
outyielded the best long-term checks by 2-14% and
the local check by 5-20% in all regions. The highest
yield advantage (14 and 11%) was obtained in trials
Table 2. Mean grain yield of highest yielding entries in 4th EYT irrigated and % of yield of best of 5 checks (BC%) across all 26
locations and across 8 locations in Central Asia/Caucasus, 6 locations in Iran, all 9 locations in Turkey, and 5 locations on the
Anatolian Plateau.
Grand mean C-Asia/Caucasus Iran Turkey Turkey-Anat. Plat.
26 sites 8 sites 6 sites 9 sites 5 sites
Entry Name kg ha-1 % BC kg ha-1 % BC kg ha-1 % BC kg ha-1 % BC kg ha-1 % BC
1 BEZOSTAYA 3986 89 3417 80 4097 87 4836 90 5171 91
2 KINACI 4495 100 4288 100 4735 100 4849 90 5371 95
3 KATIA 4503 100 3752 88 4629 98 5373 100 5681 100
4 SULTAN 4365 97 4017 94 4480 95 5162 96 5493 97
5 LOCAL CHECK (LC) 4401 98 4048 94 4560 96 4840 90 5218 92
9 Shark/F4105 4922 109 4760 111 4806 102 5543 103 5751 101
14 BURBOT-4 4955 110 4870 114 4831 102 5588 104 5996 106
15 TAM200/KAUZ 4763 106 4759 111 4740 100 5213 97 5528 97
24 Shark/F4105 4735 105 4756 111 4074 86 5654 105 6018 106
25 TAM200/JI5418 4735 105 4248 99 4511 95 5583 104 5954 105
MEAN 4421 4454 4821 5472
LSD5 336 708 564 896
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