Research Highlights of the CIMMYT Wheat Program 1999-2000

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Table of Contents New Conservation Tillage Technologies for Surface-Irrigated Production Systems—K.D. Sayre .......................................................................................................... 1 Advances in Mulch-based Conservation Agriculture—P.C. Wall .............................................................. 5 New Bread Wheats for High Rainfall Environments: The Package— M. van Ginkel and L. Gilchrist ................................................................................................................. 8 Breeding Wheat for Marginal Environments—R.M. Trethowan ............................................................... 13 Increasing Durum Wheat Yield Potential and Yield Stability— W.H. Pfeiffer, K.D. Sayre, and T.S. Payne .............................................................................................. 17 A New Approach to Triticale Improvement—A.R. Hede ........................................................................... 21 Adaptation of Winter Wheat to Central and West Asia— H.-J. Braun, M. Mergoum, A. Morgounov, and J. Nicol ....................................................................... 27 Farmer Participatory Variety Selection in South Asia—G. Ortiz-Ferrara, M.R. Bhatta, T. Pokharel, A. Mudwari, D.B. Thapa, A.K. Joshi, R. Chand, D. Muhammad, E. Duveiller, and S. Rajaram ........ 33 Global Monitoring of Wheat Rusts, and Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Vulnerability of Popular Cultivars—R.P. Singh and J. Huerta-Espino............................................ 38 Marker-Assisted Selection for BYDV Resistance in Wheat— M. Henry, M. van Ginkel, and M. Khairallah ........................................................................................ 41 Durable Resistance to Yellow (Stripe) Rust in Wheat— R.P. Singh, S. Rajaram, J. Huerta-Espino, and M. William .................................................................. 45 Applying Physiological Strategies to Wheat Breeding—M.P. Reynolds, B. Skovmand, R.M. Trethowan, R.P. Singh, and M. van Ginkel ................................................................................... 49 CIMMYT Wheat Research and Capacity Building in Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa—D.G. Tanner and T.S. Payne ........................................................................... 57 Chinese Wheat Production and the CIMMYT-China Partnership—He Zhonghu ................................. 61 Improving Wheat Production in Central Asia and the Caucasus— A. Morgounov, M. Karabayev, D. Bedoshvili, and H.-J. Braun............................................................. 65 CIMMYT’s Advanced Wheat Improvement Course: Opening Doors to NARS Senior Scientists—R.L. Villareal ............................................................................................... 69 Publications by CIMMYT Wheat Program Staff, 1999-2000 ..................................................................... 73 CIMMYT-Derived Bread Wheat, Durum Wheat, Triticale, and Barley Varieties Released in 1999-2000 .............................................................................................. 81 43
Preface This volume presents the latest results from a global research program that continues to be one of the most successful of all time. Throughout the developing world, food prices are lower and malnutrition has declined, partly because of the strong research commitment that is reflected in these pages. That commitment remains strong, because the need for wheat research remains great. In developing countries, demand for wheat will rise by 1.58% per year over the coming two decades, faster than projected growth in demand for rice. By 2020 developing countries will consume 67% of the world’s wheat, and wheat will constitute more than 50% of the developing world’s net cereal imports. More people will need more locally produced food. At the same time, the agricultural resource base must be strengthened and protected, cropping strategies must be developed to accommodate the potential effects of climate change, and rural communities as well as research organizations must be empowered to meet the challenges of a global economy. This is no small task, even for a proven research program that is known to be effective from the global level to the fields of individual farmers. The pages that follow indicate the breadth of scientific inquiry that makes the CIMMYT Wheat Program so tremendously responsive to the global, regional, and local needs of partners and those it seeks to help. The reader will find research directed at wheats of different types and growth habits; at the special regional needs of Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, and Latin America; at favored, marginal, and high rainfall environments; at applications of wheat physiology research for breeding strategies; at tillage and mulching practices for a range of needs; at reinforcing disease resistance through molecular and conventional breeding—and this is only a partial list of the contents of this volume! These Highlights demonstrate the power of agricultural research to help the world’s marginalized people. The CIMMYT Wheat Program is to be congratulated on this summary of its recent advances and on the scientific leadership and partnerships that have made them possible. In this regard it has been the breadth and richness of our partnerships that have been the cornerstone of global success, and we honor all of our colleagues around the world through these Highlights. Timothy G. Reeves Director General, CIMMYT iv
Page 2 and 3: Research Highlights of the CIMMYT W
Page 6 and 7: Foreword We are pleased to initiate
Page 8 and 9: Hobbs on the zero-till planters fro
Page 10 and 11: Burning is practiced due to a lack
Page 12 and 13: (0.64 million ha), and Bolivia (0.2
Page 14 and 15: New Bread Wheats for High Rainfall
Page 16 and 17: CIMMYT scientists have published on
Page 18 and 19: Taken together these data indicate
Page 20 and 21: Evaluating Advanced Materials Targe
Page 22 and 23: this may simply reflect a lack of v
Page 24 and 25: eleased in more than 30 countries u
Page 26 and 27: Parallel enhancement of yield compo
Page 28 and 29: Taken together, these factors sugge
Page 30 and 31: of improved seed and new technologi
Page 32 and 33: The high cost of hybrid seed is one
Page 34 and 35: Only a few cultivars performed well
Page 36 and 37: in CAC. In Turkey, the advantage ov
Page 38 and 39: ows, 2 m long). One plot was inocul
Page 40 and 41: Table 2. Wheat production statistic
Page 42 and 43: Based on farmers’ preferences, 12
Page 44 and 45: Global Monitoring of Wheat Rusts, a
Page 46 and 47: Monitoring nurseries The nurseries
Page 48 and 49: controlled by several QTLs with sma
Page 50 and 51: environments with strong disease pr
Page 52 and 53: eselections, studies at CIMMYT have
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References Johnson, R. 1978. Practi
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spike. Interaction between Lr19 and
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variation in the trait. Both grain
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the variation in yield (Figure 2).
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References Amani, I., R.A. Fischer,
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in ECSA rely heavily on CIMMYT whea
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the pivotal role of Kulumsa in the
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Regional wheat quality classificati
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Table 5. Regional screening nurseri
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In 1992-93 the CIMMYT office in Tur
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In addition to shuttle breeding sev
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the CIMMYT wheat breeding program.
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Five participants thought the level
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35. Skovmand, B.; López C., C.; S
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94. Tanner, D.G. 1999. Principles a
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182. Díaz de León, J.L.; Escoppin
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258. Mujeeb-Kazi, A.; Delgado, R.;
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CIMMYT-Derived Bread Wheat, Durum W
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Research Highlights of the CIMMYT Wheat Program 1999-2000

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