EAZA News 58-9 - European Association of Zoos and Aquaria
EAZA News 58-9 - European Association of Zoos and Aquaria
EAZA News 58-9 - European Association of Zoos and Aquaria
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>EAZA</strong>NEWS<br />
quarterly publication <strong>of</strong> the european association <strong>of</strong> zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria<br />
may june july 2007<br />
05<br />
Upcoming; <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
Amphibian Campaign<br />
11<br />
A blueprint for research<br />
20<br />
EU ban on wild bird<br />
imports<br />
25<br />
Reintroduction <strong>of</strong> the<br />
bearded vulture<br />
26<br />
The Pacarana<br />
Conservation Programme<br />
31<br />
ZIMS; ready for<br />
the next big step<br />
06 Madagascar madness<br />
28 Macaques in the Middle Atlas Forest<br />
<strong>58</strong><br />
2 0 0 7
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
02<br />
w h o i s w h o i n e a z a<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Committee<br />
chair Leobert de Boer, Apenheul Primate Park vice-chair Simon Tonge, Paignton Zoo<br />
secretary Eric Bairrão Ruivo, Lisbon Zoo treasurer Ryszard Topola, Lodz Zoo<br />
chair eep committee Bengt Holst, Copenhagen Zoo chair membership & ethics committee<br />
Lars Lunding Andersen, Copenhagen Zoo chair aquarium committee Jürgen Lange, Berlin Zoo<br />
chair legislation committee Ulrich Schürer, Wuppertal Zoo<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Director<br />
Harry Schram, <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office, Amsterdam<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> St<strong>and</strong>ing Committees Chairs<br />
eep committee Bengt Holst, Copenhagen Zoo<br />
membership & ethics committee Lars Lunding Andersen, Copenhagen Zoo<br />
aquarium committee Jürgen Lange, Berlin Zoo<br />
legislation committee Ulrich Schürer, Wuppertal Zoo<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Specialist Committees Chairs<br />
veterinary committee Jacques Ka<strong>and</strong>orp, Safaripark Beekse Bergen<br />
research committee Gordon McGregor Reid, Chester Zoo<br />
conservation committee Pierre Gay, Zoo de Doué<br />
education & exhibit design committee Henk Hiddingh, Emmen Zoo<br />
committee on technical assistance & animal welfare Dominique Tropeano, Colchester Zoo<br />
committee on pr & marketing Jörg Adler, Münster Zoo<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Council Members 2006 - 2009<br />
austria vacancy belgium Rol<strong>and</strong> Van Bocxstaele, Antwerp Zoo croatia Davorka<br />
Maljkovic, Zagreb Zoo czech republic Dana Holeckova, Dvur Kralove Zoo · Vladislav Jirousek,<br />
Jihlava Zoo denmark Henrik Herold, R<strong>and</strong>ers Zoo estonia Mati Kaal, Tallinn Zoo finl<strong>and</strong><br />
Seppo Turunen, Helsinki Zoo france Françoise Delord, ZooParc de Beauval · Pierre Gay, Zoo de<br />
Doué · Thierry Jardin, CERZA Lisieux · Michel Hignette, Aquarium de la Porte Dorée germany<br />
Bernhard Blaszkiewitz, Tierpark Berlin-Friedrichsfelde <strong>and</strong> Berlin Zoo · Dieter Jauch, Wilhelma<br />
(Stuttgart) · Achim Johann, NaturZoo Rheine · Thomas Kauffels, Georg von Opel Zoo (Kronberg) ·<br />
Ulrich Schürer, Wuppertal Zoo greece Andreas Sioulas, Rhodes Aquarium hungary Ilma<br />
Bogsch, Budapest Zoo irel<strong>and</strong> Neil Stronach, Fota Wildlife Park israel Shai Doron,<br />
Jerusalem Zoo italy Gloria Svampa Garibaldi, Punta Verde Zoo (Lignano) latvia Rol<strong>and</strong>s<br />
Greizins, Riga Zoo lithuania Vaclovas Dumcius, Kaunas Zoo netherl<strong>and</strong>s Leobert de Boer,<br />
Apenheul Primate Park · Wim Verberkmoes, GaiaPark Kerkrade Zoo norway Arne Magne<br />
Robstad, Kristians<strong>and</strong> Zoo pol<strong>and</strong> Ryszard Topola, Lodz Zoo portugal Eric Bairrão Ruivo,<br />
Lisbon Zoo russia Vladimir V. Spitsin, Moscow Zoo slovakia Miloslava Savelová, Bratislava<br />
Zoo slovenia Zdenka Barbara Ban Fischinger, Ljubljana Zoo spain José Ignacio Cobo, Zoo<br />
Aquarium Madrid · Agustin Lopez Goya, Faunia (Madrid) sweden Hans-Ove Larsson, Skansen<br />
Foundation · Bo Kjellson, Boras Djurpark switzerl<strong>and</strong> Christian Stauffer, Wildpark<br />
Langenberg (Langnau) turkey vacancy ukraine Vladimir Topchy, Nikolaev Zoo united<br />
kingdom Bryan Carroll, Bristol Zoo · Mark Pilgrim, Chester Zoo · Simon Tonge, Paignton Zoo ·<br />
Ken J. Sims, Thrigby Hall Wildlife Gardens · Dominique A. Tropeano, Colchester Zoo<br />
St<strong>and</strong>ing Committee Chairs co-opted in Council<br />
Lars Lunding Andersen, Copenhagen Zoo · Bengt Holst, Copenhagen Zoo · Jürgen Lange, Berlin Zoo<br />
Specialist Committee Chairs as observers in Council<br />
Jörg Adler, Münster Zoo · Gordon McGregor Reid, Chester Zoo · Jacques Ka<strong>and</strong>orp, Safaripark<br />
Beekse Bergen · Henk Hiddingh, Emmen Zoo<br />
member <strong>of</strong><br />
colophon<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>News</strong> is the quarterly magazine <strong>of</strong> the <strong>European</strong> <strong>Association</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zoos</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Aquaria</strong> (<strong>EAZA</strong>)<br />
Editorial Board Chair <strong>EAZA</strong> Bert de Boer Executive Director Harry Schram<br />
Chair Membership & Ethics Committee Lars Lunding Andersen Managing Editor Jeannette van Benthem<br />
(jeannette.van.benthem@eaza.net) Editorial Staff Corinne Bos, Koen Brouwer, Bart Hiddinga, Catherine King, Danny de Man<br />
Design Jantijn Ontwerp bno, Made, the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s Printing Drukkerij Van den Dool, Sliedrecht, the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
ISSN 1574-2997. The views expressed in this newsletter are not necessarily those <strong>of</strong> the <strong>European</strong> <strong>Association</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zoos</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Aquaria</strong>.<br />
Deadline <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>News</strong> 59: 1 June 2007 Printed on TREE-FREE paper bleached without chlorine <strong>and</strong> free from acid<br />
eaza executive <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
FROM THE EDITORS<br />
The weather improves, flowers begin blooming <strong>and</strong><br />
many animals give birth. This heralds a beautiful<br />
season for zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria; spring. Spring is a<br />
favourite season to open new enclosures, <strong>and</strong> to start<br />
educational programmes <strong>and</strong> other activities, as a<br />
growing number <strong>of</strong> visitors can be expected. This<br />
provides a large target to focus on in order to develop<br />
appreciation, underst<strong>and</strong>ing, care <strong>and</strong> concern about<br />
nature <strong>and</strong> the need for its conservation. In other<br />
words, a busy season has begun, <strong>and</strong> we wish all<br />
members a successful spring!<br />
Many <strong>EAZA</strong> institutions have already started their<br />
activities directed towards the <strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar<br />
Campaign 2006/7. You can read about some <strong>of</strong><br />
these in this <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>News</strong> issue, <strong>and</strong> maybe get<br />
inspired to adopt certain activities for use within<br />
your own institution.<br />
The series on collection management continues, <strong>and</strong><br />
features an article on the EU ban on the importation<br />
<strong>of</strong> wild birds. Updates on important conservation<br />
initiatives <strong>and</strong> breeding projects can also be found<br />
in this issue, with one <strong>of</strong> the main themes being<br />
the global amphibian extinction crisis. There is also<br />
information about developing research potential in<br />
zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria, as the <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Committee<br />
has now completed an important blueprint for<br />
research in <strong>EAZA</strong> institutions in the form <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Research Strategy.<br />
Remember, the contents <strong>of</strong> <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>News</strong> relies on the<br />
support <strong>of</strong> its readership, so do not hesitate to send<br />
us your articles or press releases for inclusion! For<br />
ideas on topics, please refer to the ‘Magazine’ section<br />
on the <strong>EAZA</strong> website.<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>News</strong> 60 will be dedicated to aquaria<br />
<strong>and</strong> aquatic exhibits. Your contributions<br />
for this issue can already be sent to<br />
jeannette.van.benthem@eaza.net<br />
c/o Amsterdam Zoo, PO Box 20164, 1000 HD Amsterdam, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s Website: www.eaza.net e-mail: info@eaza.net<br />
Membership Services & Accreditation tel: +31 20 520 07 53 fax: +31 20 520 07 54 e-mail: corinne.bos@eaza.net<br />
Collection Coordination & Conservation tel: +31 20 520 07 50 fax: +31 20 520 07 52 e-mail: bart.hiddinga@eaza.net
19<br />
photo safaripark beekse bergen<br />
25 26<br />
photo richard zink photo karin osbahr/udca<br />
c<br />
Colophon · Who is who<br />
A new toolbox for conservation in Europe<br />
06<br />
cover Furcifer verrucosus<br />
photo jaroslav vogeltanz/plzen zoo<br />
cover Macaca sylvanus<br />
photo sabine joosten<br />
contents<br />
02 from the editors<br />
03 contents<br />
Introducing…..the <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office 04 from the eaza <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Annual Conference 2007 · Upcoming; <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian Campaign 2007/8 · Most important decisions <strong>of</strong> the EEP Committee meeting 05 from the eaza <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar Campaign 2006/7 · Madagascar madness in the United Kingdom 06 eaza madagascar campaign<br />
Madagascar at Genova Aquarium · Fuengirola Zoo raffles a holiday to Madagascar · Dutch Madagascar campaign launched 07 eaza madagascar campaign<br />
Madagascar; an isl<strong>and</strong> still to discover · Campaign mascots Tia <strong>and</strong> Aïna 08 eaza madagsacar campaign<br />
Madagascar; paradise <strong>of</strong> the lemurs? · Poster exhibition by Tiergarten Schönbrunn 09 eaza madagsacar campaign<br />
Gordon McGregor Reid 10 interview<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Strategy: Developing the research potential <strong>of</strong> zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria 11 research<br />
Hamburg · Berlin 12 births <strong>and</strong> hatchings<br />
Budapest · Newquay 13 births <strong>and</strong> hatchings<br />
Amsterdam 14 births <strong>and</strong> hatchings<br />
St. Aignan · Edinburgh 15 births <strong>and</strong> hatchings<br />
An effort to reach young people with social problems 16 education<br />
New Andean condor enclosure at the Welsh Mountain Zoo 17 new enclosures<br />
Programme updates 18 welcome to eaza | col. planning<br />
Wanted: New holders for the Sloth bear EEP 19 collection planning<br />
EU ban on wild bird imports 20 collection planning<br />
Help needed with <strong>European</strong> guenon survey 21 collection planning<br />
Are amphibians like canaries in coal mines? 22 conservation<br />
23 conservation<br />
Progress <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian Ark 24 conservation<br />
Reintroduction <strong>of</strong> the bearded vulture 25 conservation<br />
The Pacarana Conservation Programme; an international effort to save an 26 conservation<br />
endangered species 27 conservation<br />
Macaques in the Middle Atlas Forest; an increasingly rare sight 28 conservation<br />
29 conservation<br />
Rescuing <strong>European</strong> spoonbill eggs from spring tides 30 conservation<br />
ZIMS; ready for the next big step 31 eadisc | isis<br />
32 books | publications<br />
33 directory updates |in memoriam<br />
36 cbsg europe<br />
28<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
03
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
04<br />
from the eaza <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
Introducing…..the <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office, Amsterdam, the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
Although many colleagues within the<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> community are familiar with the<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office, not everyone is<br />
aware <strong>of</strong> its tasks <strong>and</strong> responsibilities,<br />
or knows the staff working at the <strong>of</strong>fice.<br />
The relocation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive<br />
Office within the Artis Royal Zoo in<br />
Amsterdam in February 2007 felt like a<br />
good opportunity to describe the new<br />
location <strong>and</strong> to introduce the current<br />
staff members. But let us start with<br />
some history first…<br />
A close cooperation between zoos<br />
The need for a close cooperation between zoos<br />
became obvious after the Convention on<br />
International Trade in Endangered Species<br />
(CITES) came into force in 1975. Suddenly, zoos<br />
were cut <strong>of</strong>f from the import <strong>of</strong> wild-caught<br />
animals <strong>and</strong> had to build up self-sustaining<br />
animal populations. In 1985 a meeting took place<br />
at Antwerp Zoo, in order to discuss possibilities<br />
for coordinating breeding programmes in Europe.<br />
A second meeting at Cologne Zoo the same year<br />
resulted in the establishment <strong>of</strong> the first<br />
19 <strong>European</strong> Endangered species Programmes<br />
(EEPs), <strong>and</strong> the formation <strong>of</strong> the EEP Committee.<br />
The <strong>European</strong> Community <strong>Association</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zoos</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> <strong>Aquaria</strong> (ECAZA) was established in 1988 <strong>and</strong><br />
in 1992 it was transformed into the <strong>European</strong><br />
<strong>Association</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zoos</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Aquaria</strong> (<strong>EAZA</strong>) as its<br />
pan-<strong>European</strong> successor.<br />
Merging coordination <strong>and</strong><br />
administration<br />
The EEP Committee established rules for running<br />
breeding programmes, but a procedure for selecting<br />
species for new EEPs was needed. The first<br />
Taxon Advisory Groups (TAGs) were formed in<br />
1990 when it became obvious that the overall<br />
coordination <strong>and</strong> administration could not be<br />
h<strong>and</strong>led by the EEP Committee alone. That same<br />
year the Dutch Zoo Federation (NVD) <strong>of</strong>fered<br />
assistance in establishing an EEP Executive Office<br />
based at its National Foundation for Research in<br />
Zoological Gardens (NFRZG) <strong>of</strong>fice, housed at<br />
Artis Royal Zoo. The EEP Office later developed<br />
into the <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office (EEO). The EEO<br />
was established in order to assist <strong>EAZA</strong>’s<br />
members <strong>and</strong> its decision making bodies,<br />
especially the <strong>EAZA</strong> Council, in reaching the<br />
objectives <strong>of</strong> the organization. The first executive<br />
director <strong>of</strong> the <strong>of</strong>fice was Bert de Boer, followed<br />
by Koen Brouwer in 1993 <strong>and</strong> the current<br />
executive director, Harry Schram, in 2006.<br />
A more representative <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
Office staff members initially worked for both<br />
the Dutch Zoo Federation <strong>and</strong> <strong>EAZA</strong>, <strong>and</strong> shared<br />
an <strong>of</strong>fice located on the first floor <strong>of</strong> the gorilla<br />
house in Artis Royal Zoo. In 2005 it was decided<br />
to legally separate the <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>of</strong> the Dutch Zoo<br />
Federation <strong>and</strong> <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>and</strong> to move both organisations<br />
to a different, more representative building<br />
on the premises <strong>of</strong> Artis Royal Zoo.<br />
Since 2006 staff members <strong>of</strong> both associations<br />
have been employed by the <strong>European</strong> Zoo <strong>and</strong><br />
Aquarium Foundation (EZAF), a foundation<br />
created to take over the <strong>of</strong>fice activities <strong>and</strong> staff<br />
members from the former National Foundation<br />
for Research in Zoological Gardens. All staff<br />
members relocated to the new <strong>of</strong>fice, housed in<br />
a beautiful 1880 building which was previously<br />
used as necropsy room <strong>and</strong> has been entirely<br />
renovated for its new purpose, in February 2007.<br />
Services to <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office (EEO) will continue to<br />
provide the <strong>EAZA</strong> membership with a wide variety<br />
<strong>of</strong> services. The EEO work is currently done by ten<br />
people (8.9 full-time equivalents).<br />
The main tasks that the EEO focuses on include:<br />
– coordination <strong>and</strong> support <strong>of</strong> breeding<br />
programmes <strong>and</strong> collection planning;<br />
– education, marketing <strong>and</strong> sustainability<br />
activities;<br />
– coordination <strong>of</strong> conservation campaigns;<br />
– lobbying <strong>and</strong> representation;<br />
– organisation <strong>of</strong> conferences <strong>and</strong> meetings;<br />
– support to <strong>EAZA</strong> Council <strong>and</strong> committees;<br />
– maintaining a resource centre <strong>and</strong> website;<br />
– external communications <strong>and</strong> publications;<br />
– training, support <strong>and</strong> consultancy;<br />
– administration.<br />
The <strong>of</strong>fice basically operates with two departments;<br />
Membership Services <strong>and</strong> Accreditation<br />
(MSA) <strong>and</strong> Collection Coordination <strong>and</strong><br />
Conservation (CCC).<br />
MSA mainly focuses on campaigns, legislation,<br />
accreditation, PR, finance <strong>and</strong> other services to<br />
the <strong>EAZA</strong> membership, whereas CCC focuses on<br />
the coordination <strong>of</strong> breeding programmes <strong>and</strong><br />
animal management. Besides these departments,<br />
there is an <strong>of</strong>fice manager/secretary, a staff member<br />
managing the <strong>EAZA</strong> website <strong>and</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
<strong>News</strong> magazine <strong>and</strong> an ISIS <strong>European</strong> liaison.<br />
The EEO is furthermore assisted by two people<br />
working on a consultancy basis out <strong>of</strong> Antwerp<br />
Zoo, Belgium <strong>and</strong> Copenhagen Zoo, Denmark.<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> very much appreciates Amsterdam Royal<br />
Zoo for acting as a host for the EEO facilities. The<br />
next page shows the beautiful new <strong>of</strong>fice building,<br />
including the current EEO staff members. •<br />
executive director<br />
harry schram<br />
harry.schram@eaza.net<br />
<strong>of</strong>fıce management <strong>and</strong> secretariat<br />
fleur kist<br />
info@eaza.net<br />
membership services &<br />
accreditation (msa)<br />
corinne bos | Manager<br />
corinne.bos@eaza.net<br />
martijn los | Assistant manager<br />
martijn.los@eaza.net<br />
sietske veenman | Assistant manager<br />
sietske.veenman@eaza.net<br />
collection coordination &<br />
conservation (ccc)<br />
bart hiddinga | Manager<br />
bart.hiddinga@eaza.net<br />
danny de man | Assistant manager mammals<br />
danny.de.man@eaza.net<br />
william van lint | Assistant manager<br />
birds, lower vertebrates <strong>and</strong> invertebrates<br />
william.van.lint@eaza.net<br />
eaza news & website<br />
jeannette van benthem<br />
jeannette.van.benthem@eaza.net<br />
isis european liaison<br />
s<strong>and</strong>er cozijn<br />
s<strong>and</strong>er.cozijn@eaza.net<br />
conservation database | yearbook<br />
katrine garn<br />
katrine.garn@eaza.net<br />
population management<br />
kristin leus<br />
kristin.leus@eaza.net
The first meeting <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian<br />
Campaign Planning Group took place at the<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office on 6 March 2007. The<br />
planning group, led by Quentin Bloxam <strong>of</strong><br />
Durrell (Jersey), discussed various aspects <strong>of</strong> the<br />
campaign <strong>and</strong> finalised the composition <strong>of</strong> the<br />
planning group. It was recognised that the<br />
amphibian campaign will be different from<br />
previous campaigns in several ways. First <strong>of</strong> all,<br />
because the world conservation community<br />
has called on zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria to set up ex situ<br />
breeding programmes for many amphibian<br />
species, as such programmes are the only hope<br />
for survival <strong>of</strong> these species in the short term.<br />
The World Zoo <strong>and</strong> Aquarium <strong>Association</strong><br />
(WAZA), has, together with the IUCN/SSC<br />
Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, called<br />
on all regional associations to join this world wide<br />
effort by zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria to save the amphibians.<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian Ark Working Group was<br />
established to take up this challenge <strong>and</strong> work<br />
on plans for ex situ breeding programmes.<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian Campaign will aim to<br />
support <strong>and</strong> promote the work <strong>of</strong> the Amphibian<br />
Most important decisions <strong>of</strong> the EEP Committee meeting<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office hosted the annual<br />
mid-year meeting <strong>of</strong> the EEP Committee on<br />
8 <strong>and</strong> 9 March 2007. The meeting started<br />
with a successful <strong>and</strong> productive workshop<br />
on non-<strong>EAZA</strong> EEP participation on Thursday.<br />
The results <strong>of</strong> the non-<strong>EAZA</strong> EEP participation<br />
workshop will be summarized in an updated<br />
policy document on this topic. This document<br />
will be discussed during the next EEP<br />
Committee meeting scheduled for the upcoming<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Annual Conference. On Friday the EEP<br />
Committee discussed other topics relevant to<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> collection management, such as proposed<br />
changes to existing <strong>and</strong> new TAGs, EEPs <strong>and</strong><br />
ESBs. During the meeting the first two ESBs<br />
for fish species were approved under the<br />
umbrella <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong>/EUAC Fish <strong>and</strong> Aquatic<br />
Invertebrate TAG. The first EEP evaluation<br />
from the eaza <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
harry fleur corinne martijn<br />
sietske bart<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Annual Conference 2007<br />
The early registration deadline <strong>of</strong> the 24th <strong>EAZA</strong> Annual Conference in Warsaw, Pol<strong>and</strong>, 11 to 15 September 2007, is approaching rapidly;<br />
the deadline for early registration <strong>and</strong> payment is 30 June 2007. All <strong>EAZA</strong> members are therefore recommended to register without delay.<br />
Please refer to the ‘Conference’ section <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> website for more details on registration <strong>and</strong> accommodation.<br />
Upcoming; <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian Campaign 2007/8<br />
We <strong>of</strong> course welcome<br />
everyone interested<br />
in touring the new<br />
<strong>of</strong>fice building!<br />
danny william jeannette<br />
s<strong>and</strong>er<br />
katrine kristin<br />
Ark. Other regional zoo associations will organise<br />
similar campaigns, thereby creating a worldwide<br />
amphibian campaign in 2008; ‘The year<br />
<strong>of</strong> the frog’. Liaisons with the <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian<br />
Ark Working Group, WAZA/CBSG Amphibian<br />
Group, <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian <strong>and</strong> Reptile TAG <strong>and</strong><br />
EUAC have been included in the planning group<br />
to ensure optimal alignment <strong>of</strong> the various<br />
amphibian activities. As always, the <strong>European</strong><br />
campaign will be launched during the <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
Annual Conference, where all attending <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
members will receive a campaign info pack.<br />
reports were also discussed during the meeting,<br />
following the launch <strong>of</strong> the EEP evaluation<br />
system in Madrid, October 2006.<br />
Besides the EEP Committee meeting <strong>and</strong><br />
according to the tradition, the <strong>of</strong>fice hosted the<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Callithrichid TAG mid-year meeting on<br />
Saturday 10 March 2007. When completed,<br />
the minutes <strong>of</strong> both meetings will be available<br />
through the <strong>EAZA</strong> website.<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
05
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
06<br />
photo nick garbutt<br />
eaza madagascar campaign<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar Campaign 2006/7<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar Campaign activities are becoming increasingly visible in zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria across<br />
Europe. Over one hundred <strong>EAZA</strong> members have <strong>of</strong>ficially registered for the campaign. If your institution<br />
has not registered yet, please do so by completing the registration form that can be found in the <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
Madagascar Campaign Info Pack or on the member area <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> website.<br />
All participating institutions are invited to submit their campaign updates <strong>and</strong> photos to Martijn Los (martijn.los@eaza.net)<br />
for inclusion in <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>News</strong> or on the <strong>EAZA</strong> website. Several updates on campaign activities can already be found on the<br />
‘Madagascar’ section <strong>of</strong> the website <strong>and</strong> on the next pages <strong>of</strong> this magazine.<br />
Madagascar madness in the United Kingdom<br />
British <strong>and</strong> Irish <strong>Association</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zoos</strong> <strong>and</strong> Aquariums (BIAZA),<br />
London, United Kingdom<br />
The British <strong>and</strong> Irish <strong>Association</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zoos</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Aquaria</strong> (BIAZA) is<br />
promoting the <strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar Campaign in the United Kingdom,<br />
<strong>and</strong> encourages its members to join the campaign. So far, more than<br />
half <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> member institutions (24) in the United Kingdom<br />
have signed up for the campaign. Ten non-<strong>EAZA</strong> member institutions<br />
<strong>of</strong> BIAZA are also participating. The 34 participating institutions have<br />
already given rise to some great campaign activities <strong>and</strong> Madagascar<br />
alliterations seem to be very popular when naming these.<br />
During ‘Madagascar Monday Madness’, organised by Newquay<br />
Zoo, schools <strong>and</strong> other groups <strong>of</strong> children can come to the zoo for a<br />
day <strong>of</strong> Madagascar activities. The activities focus on raising funds for<br />
the campaign, but more importantly on teaching the children <strong>of</strong><br />
Cornwall that ‘Madagascar’ is more than just a fun movie! The children<br />
can also experience special Madagascar bug encounters with<br />
‘Millie’ the millipede <strong>and</strong> ‘Kevin’ the hissing cockroach. ‘Miles for<br />
Madagascar’, also organised by Newquay Zoo, is based on the<br />
successful hundred-mile walk by the zoo staff during the <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
Shellshock Campaign. This time, two staff members will try <strong>and</strong> walk<br />
as many miles from the zoo as possible in 72 hours. Sponsors can<br />
donate money for every mile, so more miles means more money!<br />
‘Madagascar Matters!’ at Marwell Zoo included a series <strong>of</strong><br />
Madagascar activities that started on Monday 19 February 2007 <strong>and</strong><br />
continued throughout the week. Special family <strong>and</strong> child activities<br />
including talks, trails <strong>and</strong> guided tours were <strong>of</strong>fered to the public.<br />
Everyone can get involved in many more fun activities during 2007,<br />
while helping to raise money for the campaign. Organised by Eastleigh<br />
Running Club, a 10 km road race ‘Leg it for Lemurs’, took place on<br />
the zoo grounds on Sunday 29 April.<br />
Furcifer verrucosus photo jaroslav vogeltanz/plzen zoo<br />
At Edinburgh Zoo ‘MAD for Madagascar!’ (MAD = Make A<br />
Difference) is organised. The campaign was launched with a public<br />
evening event featuring an outline <strong>of</strong> the campaign <strong>and</strong> short<br />
presentations provided by three keepers on Malagasy species<br />
kept at Edinburgh Zoo. This was followed by a fundraising activity,<br />
the ‘MAD Auction’. A range <strong>of</strong> items (unwanted Christmas presents,<br />
bric-a-brac etc.) was put under the hammer to the highest bidder.<br />
An empty box was sold for 60 pence, a set <strong>of</strong> Star Wars videos for<br />
£5.50 <strong>and</strong> a cute cuddly penguin toy was the biggest money raiser<br />
going for £20. The star lot in the auction was an apple – yes just<br />
an ordinary Cox’s apple – <strong>and</strong> although bidding started at 20 pence,<br />
the apple sold for a fantastic £5 !
Madagascar at Genova Aquarium<br />
Claudia Gili, Genova Aquarium, Italy<br />
Genova Aquarium has participated in many <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Conservation<br />
Campaigns, as this is one <strong>of</strong> the best ways to spread an important<br />
conservation message, reaching millions <strong>of</strong> visitors throughout Europe.<br />
The Genova Aquarium has carried out several expeditions <strong>and</strong> research<br />
projects on biology <strong>and</strong> reproduction <strong>of</strong> Malagasy species since 1994,<br />
<strong>and</strong> in 1998 it dedicated a large exhibit area to Madagascar habitats.<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar Campaign was launched in this area <strong>of</strong> the zoo<br />
just before Christmas 2006.<br />
An education panel entitled ‘Madagascar is endangered <strong>and</strong> you can not<br />
ignore it!’ informs the public about the campaign, <strong>and</strong> in front <strong>of</strong> the<br />
panel a donation box silently calls for funds. Furthermore, campaign<br />
leaflets are being distributed to the public inside <strong>and</strong> outside the facility.<br />
Campaign merch<strong>and</strong>ise is being sold in the gift shop, <strong>and</strong> education<br />
programmes include lectures on coral reefs, food chains <strong>and</strong> biodiversity,<br />
using Malagasy species on exhibit <strong>and</strong> behind the scenes as examples.<br />
Fuengirola Zoo raffles a holiday to Madagascar<br />
Marta Caballero, Fuengirola Zoo, Spain<br />
Fuengirola Zoo is fully committed to the <strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar Campaign.<br />
As many people know, the zoo has an extensive representation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
habitats <strong>of</strong> the tropical forest; equatorial Africa, southeast Asia <strong>and</strong><br />
Madagascar. This enabled the zoo to create many activities for the campaign.<br />
The programme will commence with a press conference followed by a<br />
workshop on Madagascar. This will take place in the centre <strong>of</strong> the Costa<br />
del Sol, in the main square <strong>of</strong> the capital. Children <strong>and</strong> their parents can<br />
get involved in the campaign through educational activities focusing on<br />
Madagascar, including lemur face-painting, making plastic figures, <strong>and</strong> a<br />
painting competition. All activities aim to increase awareness <strong>of</strong> the threats<br />
facing the Malagasy fauna <strong>and</strong> flora, while having fun at the same time.<br />
As suggested in the Madagascar Campaign Info Pack, a digital photography<br />
competition will also be organised. This is quite a challenge for the zoo<br />
staff as they have never organised such a competition before. Participants<br />
will pay a small fee to enter the competition <strong>and</strong> can then submit photos<br />
taken in the zoo, either <strong>of</strong> Malagasy species or <strong>of</strong> other species. Half <strong>of</strong><br />
the money raised through the competition fees will be used as awards<br />
for the prizewinners <strong>and</strong> the other half will be donated to the campaign.<br />
Towards the end <strong>of</strong> the year, with the support <strong>of</strong> a travel agency in Spain,<br />
more money will be raised by raffling a holiday to Madagascar.<br />
This campaign represents a global issue which affects us all, <strong>and</strong> everyone<br />
at Fuengirola Zoo is enthusiastic <strong>and</strong> fully committed to help<br />
Madagascar conservation in any way possible.<br />
eaza madagascar campaign<br />
photo fuengirola zoo<br />
Particular attention is given to reproduction, research <strong>and</strong> conservation<br />
projects carried out in collaboration with other institutions <strong>and</strong> organisations<br />
(universities, museums, other aquaria <strong>and</strong> zoos, NGOs <strong>and</strong> <strong>EAZA</strong>).<br />
The press <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> Genova Aquarium has already given much attention<br />
to the campaign <strong>and</strong> is actively organising a press event to be held<br />
just before summer. During that event a new mixed exhibit featuring<br />
the spiny forest habitat in southern Madagascar will be opened, where<br />
Malagasy spider tortoise (Pyxis arachnoids) have found a natural<br />
environment to mate <strong>and</strong> breed successfully. Nearly €2,000 was already<br />
collected via the collection box during the first two months <strong>of</strong> the campaign!<br />
photo genova aquarium<br />
Dutch Madagascar campaign launched<br />
Dutch Zoo Federation (NVD), Amsterdam, The Netherl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
The Madagascar campaign in the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s was kicked-<strong>of</strong>f with a<br />
large press event on 5 April 2007 in Apenheul Primate Park (Apeldoorn).<br />
The Swiss biologist Urs Thalmann launched the campaign with a presentation<br />
on recently discovered lemur species. Urs Thalmann himself was<br />
one <strong>of</strong> the researchers that discovered the ‘John Cleese lemur (Avahi<br />
cleesei)’. This lemur was named after the famous actor John Cleese,<br />
currently also patron <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar Campaign, as a tribute<br />
to his efforts to help protect the Malagasy nature.<br />
Further presentations were held by biologist Constanze Melicharek <strong>of</strong><br />
Apenheul Primate Park, stunning the press with images <strong>of</strong> the amazing<br />
flora <strong>and</strong> fauna <strong>of</strong> Madagascar, <strong>and</strong> by cultural anthropologist Arlette<br />
Kouwenhoven, who explained that conservationists are just ‘ordinary’<br />
people. Afterwards, the speakers helped feed the lemurs in the park <strong>and</strong><br />
Urs Thalmann opened a small Malagasy school in the Madagascar area<br />
<strong>of</strong> the zoo. This nicely decorated building will host children from all<br />
over the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, who will be able to learn more about Madagascar,<br />
its inhabitants <strong>and</strong> nature in general.<br />
All 15 members <strong>of</strong> the Dutch Zoo Federation are organising various<br />
activities to support the <strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar Campaign, as <strong>of</strong> 5 April.<br />
Several joint activities have been planned as well; following the success<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Rhino Run in 2006 for the <strong>EAZA</strong> Rhino Campaign, the Dutch zoos<br />
will now organise a ‘Maki Marathon’ in June 2007. Zoo teams will run<br />
across the country from zoo to zoo.<br />
Furthermore, a photo competition will<br />
be organised, the first prize being a trip<br />
to Madagascar, sponsored by the Dutch<br />
travel agency 'Sawadee'. With these<br />
activities <strong>and</strong> the activities in individual<br />
institutions, the Dutch zoos hope to<br />
raise at least € 60,000 for the campaign.<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
07
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
08<br />
eaza madagascar campaign<br />
Madagascar; an isl<strong>and</strong> still to discover<br />
Martin Bauert, Zürich Zoo, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Madagascar, an outst<strong>and</strong>ing piece <strong>of</strong> the prime continent Gondwana,<br />
is largely undiscovered, even today. More than 65 million years<br />
<strong>of</strong> isolation in the Indian ocean have led to the survival <strong>of</strong> many<br />
ancient organisms <strong>and</strong> an enormous species radiation in many plant<br />
<strong>and</strong> animal families. The living plant fossil Takhtajania perrieri,<br />
a contemporary <strong>of</strong> the dinosaurs, was only known from a single<br />
herbarium specimen for more than eighty years. But to everyone's<br />
surprise this basal angiosperm was recently rediscovered in the<br />
pristine mountain rainforests on the east coast <strong>of</strong> Madagascar.<br />
An unbelievable diversity <strong>of</strong> natural habitats from perhumid<br />
rainforests to subarid deserts can be found in Madagascar, bearing an<br />
extraordinary flora <strong>of</strong> up to 90% endemic species. Outst<strong>and</strong>ing are the<br />
more than 150 endemic palm species, many <strong>of</strong> which were described<br />
just in the past few years. Famous are the giant baobabs (Adansonia<br />
spp.): seven species <strong>of</strong> these water-storing trees from Madagascar<br />
have been described, compared to just one species in Africa <strong>and</strong> two<br />
in Australia. Madagascar also carries a virtually unknown flora <strong>of</strong><br />
Campaign mascots Tia <strong>and</strong> Aïna<br />
Pierre Moisson, Mulhouse Zoo, France<br />
Takhtajania perrieri photo zürich zoo<br />
succulents, <strong>of</strong> which the pygmy baobabs <strong>of</strong> the genus Pachypodium<br />
<strong>and</strong> succulent members <strong>of</strong> the dogbane or Apocynaceae family are<br />
perhaps the best known.<br />
As living ambassadors <strong>of</strong> Madagascar, many <strong>of</strong> these plant species are<br />
under threat <strong>of</strong> extinction in their natural environment. In cooperation<br />
with experts on succulents <strong>and</strong> the Zürich Zoo, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, the<br />
Stadtgärtnerei Zürich (the city gardeners service) has set up a<br />
programme for the reproduction <strong>of</strong> these Malagasy succulents,<br />
under the supervision <strong>of</strong> the Convention on International Trade in<br />
Endangered Species (CITES) secretariat. All plants are reproduced<br />
<strong>and</strong> grown in Zurich, so no plants are taken from the isl<strong>and</strong>.<br />
Registered campaign participants can sell these extraordinary plants<br />
for the benefit <strong>of</strong> the Madagascar campaign. For more details on order<br />
<strong>and</strong> delivery, please refer to your Madagascar Campaign Info Pack or<br />
contact zoo@zoo.ch.<br />
Mulhouse Zoo, France, has created a special mascot to promote the <strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar Campaign. The Sclater’s<br />
lemur (Eulemur macaco flavifrons) was chosen for this purpose, because <strong>of</strong> the zoo’s involvement in the AEECL<br />
(<strong>Association</strong> Européenne pour l’Etude et la Conservation des Lémuriens) <strong>and</strong> the Sahamalaza conservation<br />
project for the Sclater’s lemur in particular. Furthermore, the zoo is responsible for the EEP <strong>of</strong> this species.<br />
Students from a school in Mulhouse specialised in design (Institut Supérieur de Textile d’Alsace)<br />
assisted in developing the mascot. Their annual project was to create the zoo’s campaign mascot<br />
<strong>and</strong> use it as a flagship for their annual ceremony at the end <strong>of</strong> the school year. The <strong>of</strong>ficial<br />
inauguration <strong>of</strong> the mascot they developed took place in November 2006, <strong>and</strong> Mulhouse Zoo is now<br />
able to use it for the campaign year (e.g. for educational panels, educational games, direction panels,<br />
tourist communication).<br />
The mascot was named Tia (which means ‘love’) by a student in Madagascar, Guy R<strong>and</strong>riatahina, who is<br />
finishing his thesis on Sclater’s lemurs in Sahamalaza. Initially, the goal was to create different items for the<br />
zoo shop with Tia as an ambassador <strong>of</strong> all lemurs, but unfortunately her name was already being used by a<br />
photo nick garbutt
Madagascar; paradise <strong>of</strong> the lemurs?<br />
Peter Haase, Copenhagen Zoo, Denmark<br />
Although Copenhagen Zoo, Denmark, did not participate in last year’s<br />
campaign as the rhino enclosure was being refurbished, the zoo has<br />
participated in all other <strong>EAZA</strong> campaigns. Copenhagen Zoo is currently<br />
busy defining <strong>and</strong> developing the campaign exhibition ‘Madagascar;<br />
paradise <strong>of</strong> the lemurs?’. As it requires time <strong>and</strong> money to create<br />
attractive <strong>and</strong> motivating campaign exhibitions, the zoo usually<br />
incorporates the campaign exhibitions in the permanent exhibition with<br />
supplementary units, which only function during the campaign period.<br />
The zoo tells the Madagascar story near the ruffed lemur (Varecia<br />
variegata) enclosure in the ‘House <strong>of</strong> Primates’. The Madagascar<br />
section is placed as a natural extension <strong>of</strong> the exhibition on another<br />
biological hot spot; the Atlantic rainforest <strong>of</strong> South America.<br />
The exhibition concentrates on four themes, including the special<br />
geography <strong>and</strong> location <strong>of</strong> Madagascar, the significance <strong>of</strong> the<br />
isl<strong>and</strong> as a biological hot spot, the lemurs <strong>and</strong> the current threats<br />
to the extraordinary flora <strong>and</strong> fauna <strong>of</strong> the isl<strong>and</strong>. In a corner <strong>of</strong> the<br />
exhibition there is a small cinema, were visitors can get a first-h<strong>and</strong><br />
commercial company which did not authorise its use by Mulhouse Zoo.<br />
Consequently, the zoo visitors (especially the children) were informed<br />
that Tia had disappeared after heavy deforestation in Sahamalaza,<br />
but that her daughter Aïna (meaning ‘life’) took over her job.<br />
A s<strong>of</strong>t toy version <strong>of</strong> Aïna has been created by the zoo together with<br />
a private company in Mulhouse called ‘Sol’utionND’. This s<strong>of</strong>t toy<br />
mascot will be sold <strong>and</strong> Sol’utionND agreed to donate part <strong>of</strong> the<br />
sales income to the campaign. Mulhouse Zoo will donate its raised<br />
funds to the AEECL conservation programme in Sahamalaza. Aïna<br />
will furthermore be used in the public presentation <strong>of</strong> the zoo’s new<br />
radiated tortoise enclosure <strong>and</strong> the new lemur isl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> village<br />
which are still under construction. Obviously, Aïna will also be present<br />
in all other Malagasy events the zoo has planned for the campaign.<br />
eaza madagascar campaign<br />
photo copenhagen zoo<br />
impression <strong>of</strong> the fascinating nature <strong>of</strong> Madagascar. The slide show<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> four screens displaying the numerous amazing photos<br />
that are part <strong>of</strong> the campaign material.<br />
Naturally, the zoo also collects funds for three selected projects. The<br />
collection unit has been used for previous <strong>EAZA</strong> campaigns, with major<br />
success. A reason for this could be that the amount <strong>of</strong> collected funds<br />
is clearly illustrated by the use <strong>of</strong> coloured balls. Based on the success<br />
<strong>of</strong> previous campaigns, Copenhagen Zoo aims to collect €15,000.<br />
photos mulhouse zoo photo tiergarten schönbrunn<br />
Poster exhibition<br />
by Tiergarten<br />
Schönbrunn<br />
Gaby Schwammer,<br />
Tiergarten Schönbrunn,<br />
Vienna, Austria<br />
In the framework <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Madagascar Campaign, Tiergarten<br />
Schönbrunn (Vienna) has set up a comprehensive exhibition, in<br />
German <strong>and</strong> English, which will also be presented in the other OZO<br />
(Österreichische Zoo Organisation) member institutions. The exhibition<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> six different posters.<br />
As in previous years, Tiergarten Schönbrunn is willing to provide<br />
digital files <strong>of</strong> the poster exhibition to all interested <strong>EAZA</strong> member<br />
institutions. Each poster can be used ‘as it is’ <strong>and</strong> can be printed in any<br />
desired size. For more information, please contact Gaby Schwammer<br />
(g.schwammer@zoovienna.at).<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
09
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
interview<br />
Please describe your career path. In my teens, I worked on a<br />
refugee resettlement scheme in the Okavango swamps <strong>of</strong><br />
Botswana, the wildlife paradise which first inspired me to<br />
take up a zoological career. I originally trained in research<br />
at the British Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History as a comparative<br />
anatomist/fish taxonomist <strong>and</strong> in the 1970’s, ended up<br />
on an inter-university council contract in Nigeria, helping<br />
set up the biology department <strong>of</strong> a new university. This<br />
was in Sokoto on the fringe <strong>of</strong> the Sahara desert (one<br />
<strong>of</strong> the hottest places on earth!). After being a keeper <strong>of</strong><br />
natural history (chief curator) at the Horniman Museum<br />
<strong>and</strong> Gardens in London, <strong>and</strong> holding a similar post at the<br />
National Museums <strong>of</strong> Liverpool, I joined Chester Zoo in<br />
1992 as chief curator. I became the director in 1995 <strong>and</strong><br />
then director general in 2005, following a re-organisation.<br />
“<br />
It is all about actively developing the<br />
research potential <strong>of</strong> zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria<br />
within <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>and</strong> each member zoo<br />
budgeting for staff <strong>and</strong> resources<br />
against their own strategies”.<br />
10<br />
The Horniman Museum <strong>and</strong> Gardens had living collections,<br />
including a historical aquarium <strong>and</strong> vivarium, established<br />
under the influence <strong>of</strong> Philip Henry Gosse, the Victorian<br />
who in 1854 invented the word ‘aquarium’. However, by the<br />
1980’s this facility was threatened with closure under the<br />
Zoo Licensing Act. I secured external funding <strong>and</strong> worked<br />
with an excellent team to build ‘Living waters; an aquarium<br />
for the future’. While only ‘medium-sized’, I believe that<br />
this was the first aquarium in the world entirely dedicated<br />
to explaining the important issues <strong>of</strong> conserving aquatic<br />
life <strong>and</strong> using water in a sustainable way.<br />
What are the main challenges for you as director general?<br />
Continuing to pursue our Chester Zoo vision <strong>of</strong> a ‘diverse,<br />
thriving <strong>and</strong> sustainable natural world’ <strong>and</strong> deliver on our<br />
mission or purpose ‘to be a major force for conserving<br />
biodiversity worldwide’ <strong>and</strong> balancing this with internal<br />
<strong>and</strong> external business dem<strong>and</strong>s. We are also engaged in<br />
increasingly large-scale animal exhibit developments such<br />
as the €5.6 million ‘Realm <strong>of</strong> the red ape (orang-utan)’<br />
facility due to be open this summer. Delivering big projects<br />
on time <strong>and</strong> to budget dem<strong>and</strong>s excellent planning,<br />
tracking <strong>and</strong> teamwork.<br />
Gordon McGregor Reid<br />
Position Director general <strong>of</strong> Chester Zoo. Favourite colour Blue,<br />
perhaps reflecting my birth sign Aquarius… Last musical seen<br />
The Abba-themed musical ‘Mamma Mia!’. Last book read Graham<br />
Greene’s ‘The Quiet American’. Hobbies Predictably, I keep freshwater<br />
tropical fish <strong>and</strong>, less predictably, a collection <strong>of</strong> cactuses.<br />
I like to restore antique leather-bound books, I am keen on gardening <strong>and</strong><br />
I swim every day to keep fit. I also collect fish postage stamps <strong>and</strong><br />
little lead zoo animals <strong>and</strong> soldiers that date from the previous<br />
turn <strong>of</strong> the century. A bit sad eh, but I am not causing any harm!<br />
As chair <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Committee, how do you see<br />
research in zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria evolving in the future? Clearly,<br />
scientific research that focuses on practical conservation,<br />
welfare, husb<strong>and</strong>ry <strong>and</strong> sustainability issues is highly<br />
relevant. However, zoo collections can also be used to help<br />
answer many other important practical <strong>and</strong> theoretical<br />
questions including ones on the taxonomy, morphology <strong>and</strong><br />
evolution <strong>of</strong> animals <strong>and</strong> even the psychology <strong>of</strong> the visitors<br />
viewing them. The <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Committee has been<br />
working hard for two years or more on the <strong>EAZA</strong> Research<br />
Strategy, which is now ready for publication. It is all about<br />
actively developing the research potential <strong>of</strong> the zoos <strong>and</strong><br />
aquaria in Europe <strong>and</strong> each member zoo budgeting for staff<br />
<strong>and</strong> resources against their own strategies.<br />
Describe one <strong>of</strong> your favourite research projects undertaken by<br />
your zoo. My favourite personal research project (completed<br />
after I took up employment with Chester Zoo) was in collaboration<br />
with my good friend the late great Guy Teugels <strong>of</strong><br />
the Central African Museum, Tervuren, Belgium. Based on<br />
years <strong>of</strong> fieldwork conducted in the rainforests <strong>of</strong> west Africa,<br />
we produced ‘Fishes <strong>of</strong> the Cross River basin (Cameroon-<br />
Nigeria): Taxonomy, zoogeography, ecology <strong>and</strong> conservation<br />
(1992)’. We recognised a minimum <strong>of</strong> 166 species <strong>of</strong> fish<br />
(in 15 orders, 42 families <strong>and</strong> 97 genera), including several<br />
that were new to science. No previous authors had guessed<br />
that this basin could hold anything like as many species. The<br />
Cross River is now widely recognised as a major biodiversity<br />
‘hotspot’ for fishes where new taxa are still being discovered.<br />
What do you enjoy most about your job? I like the huge variety<br />
<strong>of</strong> things that come my way <strong>and</strong> enjoy the fact that I have<br />
to interact with lots <strong>of</strong> different people. No two days are<br />
the same; one day I could be dealing with a zoo licensing<br />
inspection, another I might be down in London giving an<br />
invited talk to the British St<strong>and</strong>ards Institute on the zoo<br />
team proudly achieving the international environmental<br />
management st<strong>and</strong>ard ISO14001. Given my scientific<br />
interests, hosting the annual <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Committee<br />
meeting in Chester is always a high point!<br />
Is there any particular species or group <strong>of</strong> animals that st<strong>and</strong>s<br />
out for you? If so, why? At the moment amphibians are a<br />
taxon <strong>of</strong> great conservation concern, because very many<br />
species <strong>and</strong> populations are threatened with extinction<br />
around the world. I act as a co-chair for the Amphibian Ark<br />
(AARK) partnership initiative between IUCN CBSG/ASG,<br />
WAZA <strong>and</strong> the Regional Zoo <strong>Association</strong>s, notably<br />
including <strong>EAZA</strong> who have been very supportive. Among<br />
other things, we are all working hard to deliver a ‘Year <strong>of</strong><br />
the frog’ campaign for 2008. •
Developing research<br />
potential<br />
The purpose <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Research<br />
Strategy is to help zoos <strong>and</strong><br />
aquaria to develop their research<br />
potential. It also aims to promote<br />
research partnerships between<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> member institutions, <strong>and</strong><br />
between zoos <strong>and</strong> academic institutions<br />
<strong>and</strong> other research institutions.<br />
Biodiversity conservation<br />
<strong>and</strong> animal welfare are its main<br />
objectives. Scientific education<br />
<strong>and</strong> training, the publication <strong>and</strong><br />
dissemination <strong>of</strong> research results<br />
<strong>and</strong> new information, <strong>and</strong> the<br />
linking <strong>of</strong> in-zoo investigations to<br />
in situ studies are included in the<br />
research vision <strong>and</strong> mission. These<br />
are placed against an increasing<br />
awareness <strong>of</strong> the need to deal<br />
with emerging diseases <strong>and</strong> global<br />
climate change.<br />
The goals that <strong>EAZA</strong> wants to<br />
accomplish are outlined in the<br />
document together with a number<br />
<strong>of</strong> suggestions as to how they<br />
might be achieved. The <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
Research Committee has addressed<br />
questions such as prioritisation <strong>of</strong><br />
research, how to build research<br />
capacity within zoos <strong>of</strong> all sizes,<br />
how research can be funded, <strong>and</strong><br />
where the results <strong>of</strong> research can<br />
be published. The document also<br />
briefly considers ethical issues,<br />
gives examples <strong>of</strong> previous <strong>and</strong><br />
current research, <strong>and</strong> indicates where<br />
further information may be found.<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Committee<br />
has developed a scientific ‘vision’<br />
<strong>and</strong> ‘mission’ to support the<br />
science <strong>and</strong> research which underpins<br />
many <strong>of</strong> <strong>EAZA</strong>’ s functions.<br />
Research vision<br />
“Every <strong>European</strong> zoo <strong>and</strong> aquarium<br />
will make a significant contribution<br />
to effective research, particularly<br />
in the areas <strong>of</strong> biodiversity conservation<br />
<strong>and</strong> animal welfare. They<br />
will also produce <strong>and</strong> use highquality<br />
science to increase knowledge<br />
which improves the quality<br />
<strong>of</strong> decision-making <strong>and</strong> management<br />
<strong>of</strong> collections <strong>and</strong> projects.<br />
Furthermore, they will engage in<br />
scientific education <strong>and</strong> training.”<br />
Research mission<br />
The committee will work towards<br />
the research vision <strong>and</strong> will act to<br />
support <strong>and</strong> encourage <strong>European</strong><br />
zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria to adopt a scientific<br />
approach <strong>and</strong> participate in<br />
research. The committee will also<br />
support zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria to<br />
develop a meaningful expenditure<br />
plan for research purposes <strong>and</strong> for<br />
providing the necessary facilities,<br />
tools <strong>and</strong> staff to conduct effective<br />
biological research. <strong>Zoos</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
aquaria will be encouraged to<br />
produce <strong>and</strong> publish high-quality<br />
scientific research in increasingly<br />
greater measure. They will be<br />
encouraged to develop new scientific<br />
perspectives, linking basic<br />
<strong>and</strong> applied research in situ <strong>and</strong><br />
ex situ, <strong>and</strong> to use existing <strong>and</strong><br />
new methodologies, including<br />
cryobiology <strong>and</strong> biotechnology, to<br />
engage in collaborative partnerships<br />
with peer institutions <strong>and</strong><br />
kindred organisations.<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Committee<br />
has prepared an outline set <strong>of</strong><br />
goals for <strong>EAZA</strong> member institutions,<br />
TAGs, committees <strong>and</strong><br />
working groups in response to<br />
the relevant sections <strong>of</strong> the World<br />
Zoo <strong>and</strong> Aquarium Conservation<br />
Strategy. Summarised, each <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
member institution will:<br />
- identify <strong>and</strong> pursue it’s own<br />
research policies <strong>and</strong> priorities;<br />
- participate in research;<br />
- develop infrastructure for<br />
research;<br />
- link research to the collection<br />
planning process;<br />
- disseminate research plans,<br />
news <strong>and</strong> results;<br />
- identify research in which it can<br />
cooperate collectively;<br />
- ensure that staff underst<strong>and</strong> the<br />
value <strong>of</strong> research in zoos;<br />
- integrate research as a component<br />
<strong>of</strong> management decisions;<br />
- maximise the use <strong>of</strong> ZIMS <strong>and</strong><br />
other databases as research tools;<br />
- measure <strong>and</strong> evaluate research<br />
process <strong>and</strong> output.<br />
research<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Strategy:<br />
Developing the research potential <strong>of</strong> zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria<br />
Alastair A. Macdonald, vice-chair <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Committee, Royal (Dick) School <strong>of</strong> Veterinary Studies, University <strong>of</strong> Edinburgh, United<br />
Kingdom <strong>and</strong> Andrea L. Fidgett, member <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Committee, North <strong>of</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong> Zoological Society, Chester, United Kingdom<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> TAGs, Committees <strong>and</strong><br />
Working Groups will:<br />
- identify research questions<br />
specific to their taxa/expertise;<br />
- ensure that all members underst<strong>and</strong><br />
the value <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> need for<br />
research on their taxa/expertise;<br />
- disseminate research plans,<br />
news <strong>and</strong> results;<br />
- measure, evaluate <strong>and</strong> recognise<br />
research progress <strong>and</strong> the<br />
resultant output.<br />
The survey <strong>of</strong> research conducted<br />
among <strong>EAZA</strong> members during<br />
2005 provided a lot <strong>of</strong> very helpful<br />
<strong>and</strong> encouraging data. Clearly,<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria should<br />
resolve to prioritise research <strong>and</strong><br />
build capacity, communication<br />
networks <strong>and</strong> resources. There is,<br />
in particular, a need to include<br />
research in budgets <strong>and</strong> to<br />
organise funding partnerships.<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Strategy has<br />
been designed to support <strong>and</strong><br />
promote these opportunities. •<br />
photo rob doolaard (izp)/rotterdam zoo<br />
As soon as the <strong>EAZA</strong> Research Strategy is published, the document<br />
will be distributed amongst the <strong>EAZA</strong> membership <strong>and</strong> will be made<br />
available through the <strong>EAZA</strong> website.<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
11
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
12<br />
births <strong>and</strong> hatchings<br />
Hamburg germany source<br />
website hamburg zoo <strong>and</strong> stephan hering-hagenbeck<br />
Tierpark Hagenbeck (Hamburg) celebrates its 100th anniversary this year,<br />
amongst others with the birth <strong>of</strong> a female Asian elephant (Elephas<br />
maximus). The 17-year-old female ‘Lai Singh’, the lowest in hierarchy <strong>of</strong><br />
ten (2.8) elephants, gave birth to a healthy <strong>of</strong>fspring on 11 April 2007.<br />
Unfortunately, her first delivery (four years ago) was a stillbirth, which<br />
took place within the herd. This second young, a female, is being reared<br />
by its mother within the group <strong>and</strong> is drinking well.<br />
Tierpark Hagenbeck had 13 elephant births (5.8) in the past 15 years. The<br />
last four births took place within the herd. Special about this last birth is<br />
that this was the first time in the zoo’s history that a calf was born<br />
amongst an elephant herd <strong>of</strong> seven other animals. Previous birth herds<br />
did not include more than five animals (females with <strong>of</strong>fspring), due to<br />
space problems. In November 2006 however, a new indoor enclosure <strong>of</strong><br />
approximately 1000 m2 (excluding the visitors areas) was finished.<br />
Tierpark Hagenbeck will also host the fifth Elephant Management School.<br />
For more information, please refer to: www.elephant-management.com<br />
photo hamburg zoo<br />
Berlin germany source<br />
website berlin zoo<br />
Twin male polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were born on 5 December<br />
2006 at the Berlin Zoo. Father <strong>of</strong> the cubs, 13-year-old male ‘Lars’, was<br />
born on 12 December 1993 in the Münich Zoo. The twenty-year-old<br />
mother ‘Tosca’, who was received from a German circus in 1999, did not<br />
show any interest in the <strong>of</strong>fspring <strong>and</strong> the youngsters were removed for<br />
h<strong>and</strong>-rearing. One <strong>of</strong> the cubs died four days later. The second young<br />
‘Knut’ weighed 810 g at birth <strong>and</strong> did much better.<br />
The first six weeks he was kept in an incubator <strong>and</strong> his weight increased<br />
to 3,9 kg in this period. He was then transferred to a larger, open box<br />
kept at room temperature. The last polar bear to be successfully reared<br />
at the zoo was 33 years ago.<br />
Another significant birth reported by Berlin Zoo was that <strong>of</strong> a healthy<br />
baby bonobo (Pan paniscus) on 24 February 2007. This was female<br />
‘Yala’s’ third <strong>of</strong>fspring <strong>and</strong> she is again taking good care <strong>of</strong> the youngster.<br />
It is unclear which <strong>of</strong> the males in the group <strong>of</strong> six animals is the father,<br />
a DNA test will clarify this in a later stage. There are two c<strong>and</strong>idates, the<br />
28-year-old ‘Simon’ or the two years younger ‘Santi’, as both have been<br />
seen copulating with the female eight months earlier. Theoretically, even<br />
the 12-year-old ‘Vifijo’, who arrived from Planckendael Zoo (Mechelen) at<br />
the end <strong>of</strong> 2005, could be the father as he also was seen mating with Yala.<br />
photo berlin zoo
Budapest hungary source<br />
ilma bosch<br />
The worlds’ first alive southern white rhino (Ceratotherium simum<br />
simum) conceived through artificial insemination, was born on 23 January<br />
2007. The successful artificial insemination took place on 8 September<br />
2005, after which the pregnancy lasted 16 months <strong>and</strong> 15 days. During<br />
this period the veterinarian team continuously checked the health status<br />
<strong>of</strong> both mother <strong>and</strong> fetus by collecting faecal samples <strong>and</strong> blood in order<br />
to measure hormone levels. Regular ultrasound examinations, via a<br />
4D GE ultrasound device, were carried out as well. On 3 December 2005,<br />
one <strong>of</strong> these examinations revealed a 8,5 cm long fetes.<br />
At birth, the female calf was <strong>58</strong> kg <strong>and</strong> 117 cm long. She stood up an hour<br />
after birth <strong>and</strong> started to search for her mother’s nipple. Unfortunately<br />
her mother ‘Lulu’ did not let her suckle. Sometimes Lulu even showed<br />
aggression towards her baby <strong>and</strong> therefore, after 8,5 hours, the Budapest<br />
Zoo team decided to feed the calf by a colostrum product.<br />
After the reintroduction following this feeding, Lulu viciously attacked<br />
her baby. Consequently, it was decided to continue the h<strong>and</strong>-rearing<br />
process. Fortunately, Lulu is willing to let the keepers <strong>and</strong> vets milk her,<br />
so the baby receives actual rhino milk.<br />
photo béla sz<strong>and</strong>elszky<br />
Newquay united kingdom source<br />
website Newquay Zoo <strong>and</strong> Stewart Muir<br />
A baby western black <strong>and</strong> white colobus monkey (Colobus<br />
polykomos) is being h<strong>and</strong>-reared by staff at Newquay Zoo after the<br />
mother rejected the baby. The baby was born on 30 December 2006 <strong>and</strong><br />
staff kept a close eye on seven-year-old mother ‘Sierra’ as her previous<br />
baby had not survived beyond a week. This time it was decided to not<br />
take any chances <strong>and</strong> staff kept a very close watch on how the female<br />
was treating the baby. It became evident very quickly that this baby was<br />
going to suffer a similar fate if staff did not intervene.<br />
After discussions with keeping staff <strong>and</strong> the EEP coordinator for this<br />
species, it was agreed to remove the baby <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong>-rear with a view to<br />
returning her to the main group as soon as possible. Once the baby was<br />
removed for h<strong>and</strong>-rearing it was identified as a female. Head keeper Sam<br />
Harley, who has much experience in h<strong>and</strong>-rearing animals, quickly got<br />
into the routine <strong>of</strong> feeding every two hours night <strong>and</strong> day. The baby was<br />
named ‘Sokojoo’ which means ‘Hiccup’ (as the baby sometimes hiccups<br />
after she has fed her) in M<strong>and</strong>inka, the language <strong>of</strong> Gambia which is<br />
where these monkeys originate.<br />
As soon as the baby is onto solid food, it will be placed into a small<br />
enclosure next to the main colobus enclosure so that she can get used<br />
to the sights, sounds <strong>and</strong> smells <strong>of</strong> the adult colobus <strong>and</strong> they can get<br />
used to her. The keepers will continue to feed her <strong>and</strong> check on her,<br />
<strong>and</strong> then hopefully within the next few months it will be possible to<br />
reintroduce her to the main group. Newquay Zoo currently has a group<br />
<strong>of</strong> 1.3 colobus, including the most recent <strong>of</strong>fspring. There are some thirty<br />
animals in Europe, kept by six zoos, all participating in the EEP for this<br />
species.<br />
births <strong>and</strong> hatchings<br />
photo newquay zoo<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
13
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
14<br />
births <strong>and</strong> hatchings<br />
Amsterdam the netherl<strong>and</strong>s source<br />
source press releases <strong>and</strong> marcel breeschoten<br />
photos ronald van weeren/artis royal zoo<br />
For the first time in ten years a western lowl<strong>and</strong> gorilla (Gorilla<br />
gorilla gorilla) has been born at Artis Royal Zoo (Amsterdam). On<br />
13 March 2007, gorilla ‘Binti’ gave birth to her first baby ‘Bwana’. Both<br />
mother <strong>and</strong> baby (a male) are doing very well. Since the renovation <strong>of</strong><br />
the gorilla house in 1999 Artis Royal Zoo has been investing in compiling<br />
a healthy group <strong>of</strong> gorillas. Fourteen-year-old Binti arrived at Artis Royal<br />
Zoo in October 1999. She was born at Apenheul Primate Park (Apeldoorn)<br />
where she gained much experience in the care for gorilla babies. Despite<br />
several attempts, the previous two males did not succeed in impregnating<br />
Binti <strong>and</strong> the other two females ‘Shindy’ <strong>and</strong> ‘Dafina’. On 23 September<br />
2005, the twelve-year-old male ‘Akili’ arrived from Serengeti Safaripark<br />
Hodenhagen, Germany. He immediately impressed the females (mating<br />
Figure 1 Echoscope <strong>of</strong> tapir<br />
was spotted early on) <strong>and</strong> the atmosphere within the group soon was<br />
very relaxed. Early 2007 it appeared that all three females were pregnant.<br />
Unique for the zoo is that Binti immediately took care <strong>of</strong> her baby<br />
<strong>and</strong> breast fed him. The other females Dafina <strong>and</strong> Shindy indeed had<br />
several young previously, but none <strong>of</strong> them was raised by its own mother.<br />
Both Dafina <strong>and</strong> Shindy have been h<strong>and</strong>raised <strong>and</strong> it is hoped that<br />
with her experience, Binti will serve as an example to these two future<br />
mothers.<br />
Another important breeding event took place in the night <strong>of</strong> 18 January<br />
2007; a Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) was born. As mother ‘Aya’,<br />
will swoon when her keepers massage her with a brush <strong>and</strong> has such<br />
a friendly nature, her pregnancy could be monitored weekly through<br />
an echoscope (see Figure 1). Consequently, the growth <strong>of</strong> the fetus could<br />
be well-documented.<br />
On 12 December 2005, four-year-old Aya mated with 15-year-old male<br />
‘Dick’. The veterinarian assumed she became pregnant as her progesterone<br />
level, which had been measured every two weeks since a year, did not<br />
decrease after a few weeks. In March 2006 this was confirmed by the first<br />
echoscope; an embryo was clearly visible within the womb. After a couple<br />
<strong>of</strong> months, the veterinarian could see a heartbeat <strong>and</strong> some movements <strong>of</strong><br />
the calf. The delivery went well <strong>and</strong> mother <strong>and</strong> calf (female) are doing fine.
irths <strong>and</strong> hatchings<br />
St. Aignan france source<br />
aude desmoulins, romain potier <strong>and</strong> rodolphe delord<br />
ZooParc de Beauval (St. Aignan) created a new area for Austral-Asiatic species<br />
in 2002 (please refer to <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>News</strong> 40/2002, p.14). This area includes:<br />
– an open enclosure for red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) <strong>and</strong><br />
Cereopsis geese (Cereopsis novaeholl<strong>and</strong>iae);<br />
– an open enclosure for Tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii),<br />
Parma wallabies (Macropus parma) <strong>and</strong> Bennett’s wallabies<br />
(Macropus rufogriseus);<br />
– a 1,200 m2 building with:<br />
– a 40,000 l tank for Sarcophyton sp, Amphiprion sp <strong>and</strong><br />
Pomacanthus sp.<br />
– two vivaria for jungle carpet pythons (Morelia spilota cheynei )<br />
<strong>and</strong> red-tailed ratsnakes (Gonyosoma oxycephala)<br />
– seven enclosures for Queensl<strong>and</strong> koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus<br />
adustus), Goodfellow’s tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus goodfellowi),<br />
brush-tailed rat-kangaroos (Bettongia penicillata), <strong>and</strong><br />
Matschie’s tree kangaroos (Dendrolagus matschiei )<br />
This exhibit is heated in winter <strong>and</strong> air-conditioned in summer, to obtain<br />
an average temperature <strong>of</strong> 22°C. The plants, e.g. cactus, palm trees <strong>and</strong><br />
fig trees, add to the special atmosphere <strong>of</strong> this area.<br />
ZooParc de Beauval is the only <strong>European</strong> zoo to keep two species <strong>of</strong> tree<br />
kangaroos. Only five <strong>European</strong> zoos currently house tree kangaroos.<br />
The zoo welcomed its first two female Matschie’s tree kangaroos ‘Shiela’<br />
<strong>and</strong> ‘Princess Di’ in March <strong>and</strong> May 2002. A male, ‘Komba’, came from<br />
Duisburg in February 2003, while Shiela left to Cologne Zoo. During the<br />
first six months, Komba <strong>and</strong> Princess Di were separated by glass <strong>and</strong> a<br />
small area <strong>of</strong> wire mesh to allow protected contact. They mated quite<br />
quickly after their introduction. The first joey was lost after two months<br />
in the pouch in 2003. There was no sign <strong>of</strong> breeding behaviour for more<br />
than one-<strong>and</strong>-a-half year after this, <strong>and</strong> thus the decision was made to<br />
regularly separate Komba <strong>and</strong> Princess Di, hoping to increase their mutual<br />
interest. Mating then occurred daily 62 days from the end <strong>of</strong> 2005 on.<br />
The activities <strong>of</strong> the tree kangaroos are monitored by a camera so that<br />
the two keepers can watch their behaviours from the kitchen. They care-<br />
Edinburgh united kingdom source<br />
edinburgh zoo<br />
Edinburgh Zoo welcomed the birth <strong>of</strong> their first Malayan tapir<br />
(Tapirus indicus) ‘Vasan’ on 2 March 2007. The <strong>of</strong>fspring is being reared<br />
by 3,5-year-old female ‘Sayang’, a first-time mother. The adult pair <strong>of</strong><br />
tapirs arrived from Dortmund Zoo in 2004. Male ‘Ka’ was born August<br />
2003 in Dortmund Zoo <strong>and</strong> female Sayang was born in October 2003 in<br />
London Zoo.<br />
photo zooparc de beauval<br />
fully record data on sexual <strong>and</strong> other interesting behaviours. Based on<br />
these observations, a birth was expected late February or early March<br />
2006. The behaviour <strong>of</strong> Princess Di changed on 2 March. She was restless<br />
<strong>and</strong> perturbed. The keepers noticed some contractions in the afternoon.<br />
Suddenly, they saw something moving on the lower part <strong>of</strong> Princess Di’s<br />
belly … <strong>and</strong> a very small ‘thing’ fell on one <strong>of</strong> the resting shelves… The<br />
vets <strong>and</strong> the director were immediately informed. They entered the<br />
enclosure, caught Princess Di, <strong>and</strong> put the joey inside her pouch. About<br />
15 days later they checked whether the joey was still in the pouch, which<br />
was the case. The keepers saw Princess Di cleaning her pouch several times<br />
a day, <strong>and</strong> week after week the pouch increased in size. In August, a leg<br />
sometimes appeared from the pouch for a few seconds. In October 2006,<br />
one finally had the pleasure to meet the first son <strong>of</strong> Princess Di, ‘Kiari’.<br />
photo edinburgh zoo<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
15
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
education<br />
An effort to reach young people<br />
with social problems<br />
Helena Olsson, member <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Education Committee, Eskilstuna Zoo, Sweden<br />
Mixing theory <strong>and</strong> practice<br />
The school in Eskilstuna Zoo, Sweden, is working on different levels to<br />
contribute to general education <strong>of</strong> the whole community. Eskilstuna Zoo<br />
cooperates with the local government, which sends children ten to 14 years<br />
<strong>of</strong> age to the zoo school. This is the age when children enter the last<br />
stage <strong>of</strong> compulsory school in Sweden. The zoo school is about to start a<br />
cooperation where it will be working with teenage girls (aged 13 to 16 years)<br />
with social problems. The zoo has chosen to work with girls, because<br />
similar programmes for boys already exist. The girls come from difficult<br />
social backgrounds <strong>and</strong> many <strong>of</strong> them have been involved with crime <strong>and</strong><br />
drugs. Most have dropped out <strong>of</strong> school <strong>and</strong> have had no formal education<br />
during the last couple <strong>of</strong> years. This is a final attempt to provide<br />
the girls with the education they need. It is hoped that their interest<br />
will be retriggered when they receive education through the zoo school,<br />
where they will experience a mix <strong>of</strong> theoretical <strong>and</strong> practical training.<br />
Mathematics, chemistry <strong>and</strong> physics<br />
The zoo school will teach mathematics by having the girls calculate the<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> food <strong>and</strong> different nutrients the zoo animals need. They will<br />
also be taught how to prevent food wastage. The zoo school will also<br />
deal with chemistry in different ways, for example, by showing how to<br />
mix the additional vitamins <strong>and</strong> minerals the animals need <strong>and</strong> explaining<br />
how these compounds affect the animal body. Principles in physics<br />
will be illustrated by different devices for gates <strong>and</strong> locks for the animal<br />
cages, as well as ropeways that will be built. The girls will have to figure<br />
out how to make animals, especially the cats, use the ropeways.<br />
Water characteristics<br />
Another important subject is water. Eskilstuna Zoo is now building a new<br />
tropical house called ‘Amazoonas’. A couple <strong>of</strong> subjects the girls will study<br />
in this building include the different kinds <strong>of</strong> pumping mechanisms, how<br />
to h<strong>and</strong>le water currents, how to heat the water <strong>and</strong> how to keep the water<br />
clean. This will provide the girls with basic knowledge <strong>of</strong> water physics<br />
<strong>and</strong> is an opportunity to practise their mathematics. A lot <strong>of</strong> effort will<br />
also be put into teaching the girls about the chemical characteristics <strong>of</strong><br />
water <strong>and</strong> how it effects animals that live in or near water. This is also a<br />
good opportunity to talk about osmosis <strong>and</strong> cell biology.<br />
photo rob doolaard/izp<br />
Zoo schools all over the world have different roles to play <strong>and</strong> they provide education <strong>and</strong> information on<br />
different levels. One <strong>of</strong> the major goals is to make a contribution to saving biological diversity. Since threats<br />
to biological diversity are growing continuously, sustainable education in zoos is increasingly important.<br />
Few venues have the same opportunity as zoo schools to educate about ecological connections <strong>and</strong> to make<br />
people aware that their daily actions have a major impact on the environment.<br />
16<br />
photo anita s<strong>and</strong>berg<br />
Social influences on the environment<br />
Though mathematics, chemistry, physics <strong>and</strong> biology are important<br />
topics, the social aspect will <strong>of</strong> course not be neglected in the zoo school<br />
project. Because zoos study the areas where the zoo animals come from,<br />
it is rather easy for the zoo school to teach geography. By making a<br />
connection between the social aspects that are involved when talking<br />
about the environment, e.g. war, competition between humans <strong>and</strong><br />
animals for resources, the killing <strong>of</strong> animals <strong>and</strong> the cutting down <strong>of</strong><br />
forests by humans for financial benefits, the girls will be taught that<br />
human actions leave an ecological foot print.<br />
It is not claimed that this is the ultimate way <strong>of</strong> educating young people<br />
with social problems that somehow can not cope with ordinary school.<br />
One way to evaluate this project after a while, would be to see how<br />
many <strong>of</strong> the girls that went to the zoo school graduate in the end. It is<br />
thought however, that combining theory with a lot <strong>of</strong> practical examples<br />
is one way to help these children. Both the interest in the animal kingdom<br />
as well as a wish to make this planet a better place to live, seems to<br />
be very important for these girls. This type <strong>of</strong> integrated education gives<br />
them a completely different view on the future <strong>and</strong> makes them aware<br />
that they can do <strong>and</strong> know as much as ‘ordinary’ students, providing<br />
them with more self-confidence. This is the basis for learning other<br />
things, like maths or biology. •
New<br />
Andean condor<br />
enclosure<br />
at the Welsh<br />
Mountain Zoo<br />
A basic enclosure design<br />
After enough money was raised for the new enclosure, the next step was<br />
to find a suitable location. A perfect spot was found in one <strong>of</strong> those corners<br />
<strong>of</strong> the zoo that had been ‘forgotten’ about. The enclosure design was kept<br />
basic, using new telephone poles as the frame for the 5 cm square-welded<br />
mesh to hang on. A heavy-duty 5 cm square nylon netting was used for<br />
the ro<strong>of</strong>. The netting is very strong, is UV stabilised <strong>and</strong> has a guaranteed<br />
twenty year life. The netting is the same type used on the golden eagle<br />
(Aquila chrysaetos) enclosure nine years ago, <strong>and</strong> it has proven to be very<br />
effective, even when covered with 20 cm <strong>of</strong> snow.<br />
Incorporated into the enclosure design were two feeding areas, so that<br />
the birds can be separated for feeding <strong>and</strong> cleaning, thus cutting down on<br />
competitive aggression. Partly due to the fact that the condors have never<br />
been fed together – they are separated for the time it takes them to eat<br />
their ration <strong>of</strong> food (half an hour or so) – the pair <strong>of</strong> condor have always<br />
been very compatible. A cave area is built into the back <strong>of</strong> the enclosure,<br />
where it is hoped the condors will nest. The birds have access to high<br />
perches <strong>and</strong> to several large tree trunks to use as perches on the ground.<br />
Construction finalised<br />
Even with this basic design, the enclosure took several months to build.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> the reasons construction time was prolonged was because the<br />
whole area had to have three layers <strong>of</strong> scaffold, to ensure the builders’<br />
safety. This was expensive <strong>and</strong> took time to erect <strong>and</strong> take down. The<br />
final cost <strong>of</strong> the new enclosure was over £100,000, roughly €147,000.<br />
The ground area <strong>of</strong> the new enclosure measures 25 m x 22 m <strong>and</strong> it is all<br />
on a steep slope (well, the zoo is called Welsh ‘Mountain’ Zoo after all….).<br />
The public can view the enclosure through a 1.2 m window panel from the<br />
side where the height <strong>of</strong> the enclosure is 3 m. The enclosure height rises<br />
to nearly 10 m at the rear <strong>of</strong> the enclosure.<br />
The birds were finally moved to their new enclosure in the late summer <strong>of</strong><br />
2006. After an initial reluctance to move, they started to explore their new<br />
home. Almost immediately, male Gus started to pull all <strong>of</strong> the expensive<br />
new enclosures<br />
Peter Litherl<strong>and</strong>, Welsh Mountain Zoo, Colwyn Bay, United Kingdom<br />
The Welsh Mountain Zoo, Colwyn Bay, has kept<br />
Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) for many years.<br />
Male ‘Gus’ arrived from the North <strong>of</strong> Engl<strong>and</strong><br />
Zoological Society (Chester), in March 1988 <strong>and</strong> female<br />
‘Sonya’ was acquired in October 1989 from the<br />
Zoological Society <strong>of</strong> London. The Welsh Mountain<br />
Zoo had been unhappy with the old condor enclosure<br />
for some time, resulting in a two year public<br />
campaign to raise money for the construction <strong>of</strong> a<br />
new enclosure. Generous visitors <strong>and</strong> supporters<br />
helped fund the new purpose-built enclosure.<br />
photos peter litherl<strong>and</strong><br />
new plants out <strong>of</strong> the ground. The keepers called it enrichment, but the<br />
head gardener called it something else…<br />
Conservation <strong>and</strong> education<br />
The Welsh Mountain Zoo is responsible for the Andean condor EEP <strong>and</strong><br />
has built up a relationship with a conservation project in Ecuador. The<br />
project, titled ‘Condor Huasi’ (translating into ‘House <strong>of</strong> the condor’ from<br />
the native Indian Quichua language), is a wildlife conservation <strong>and</strong><br />
education initiative that aims to raise awareness among children <strong>and</strong> the<br />
general public <strong>of</strong> Ecuador. It focuses on the importance <strong>of</strong> environmental<br />
<strong>and</strong> wildlife conservation in the Andean highl<strong>and</strong>s known as Paramo,<br />
with specific emphasis on the issues concerning the survival <strong>of</strong> its ‘anchor<br />
species’, the Andean condor. The zoo has made a commitment to donate<br />
US$1,000 (€690,-) a year, <strong>and</strong> will be raising both awareness <strong>and</strong> cash for<br />
the conservation <strong>and</strong> education programme.<br />
Breeding<br />
Welsh Mountain Zoo had a major breakthrough last year, when for the<br />
first time a fertile egg was laid. The chick unfortunately died just several<br />
days before it was due to hatch. It is hoped that 2007 will be a good year<br />
for Sonia <strong>and</strong> Gus, <strong>and</strong> that improved conditions <strong>and</strong> experienced <strong>and</strong><br />
motivated staff will equate to a successful <strong>and</strong> much needed breeding. •<br />
The keepers called it enrichment, but the head gardener called it something else…<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
17
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
18<br />
welcome to eaza<br />
Corporate members<br />
Corporate membership <strong>of</strong> <strong>EAZA</strong> can be awarded to commercial entities that supply or service zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria. Two new corporate members are introduced here.<br />
Mazuri Zoo Foods CORPORATE MEMBER<br />
www.mazurifoods.com (as <strong>of</strong> January 2007)<br />
Manufacturer <strong>and</strong> supplier <strong>of</strong> zoological diets, specifically formulated for each species.<br />
Prendo AB / ZooTrend CORPORATE MEMBER<br />
www.zootrend.com (as <strong>of</strong> May 2007)<br />
Prendo has three different divisions: Promotion&Gifts, Workwear <strong>and</strong> ZooTrend. ZooTrend supplies a wide range <strong>of</strong> realistic plush animals for zoos, aquariums <strong>and</strong> amusement parks.<br />
collection planning<br />
CHANGES TO EXISTING TAGs<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Waterfowl tag<br />
Bernd Marcordes (chair), Cologne Zoo<br />
15 January 2007<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Galliformes tag<br />
Ludo Pinceel (vice-chair),<br />
World Pheasant <strong>Association</strong><br />
9 March 2007<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Great Ape tag<br />
Tom de Jongh (chair), Burgers’ Zoo (Arnhem)<br />
17 January 2007<br />
NEW EEPs<br />
Greater bamboo lemur eep<br />
(Hapalemur simus)<br />
Delphine Roullet, Paris Zoo<br />
18 February 2007 ( previously esb )<br />
Red-bellied lemur eep<br />
(Eulemur rubriventer)<br />
Pierre Moisson, Mulhouse Zoo<br />
30 January 2007 ( previously esb )<br />
Crowned sifaka eep<br />
(Propithecus coronatus)<br />
Delphine Roullet, Paris Zoo<br />
18 February 2007<br />
Common squirrel monkey eep<br />
(Saimiri sciureus)<br />
John Pullen, Marwell Zoo<br />
30 January 2007<br />
CHANGES TO EXISTING EEPs<br />
Palm cockatoo eep<br />
(Probosciger aterrimus)<br />
Romain Potier, Zooparc de Beauval (St-Aignan)<br />
9 May 2007<br />
Bali starling eep<br />
(Leucopsar rothschildi )<br />
Bernd Marcordes, Cologne Zoo<br />
19 April 2007<br />
Pygmy slow loris eep<br />
(Nycticebus pygmaeus)<br />
Ewa Trzewoska, Poznan Zoo<br />
9 March 2007<br />
Golden-headed lion tamarin eep<br />
(Leontopithecus chrysomelas)<br />
Peter Galbusera, Antwerp Zoo<br />
30 January 2007<br />
Bonobo eep<br />
(Pan paniscus)<br />
Zjef Pereboom, Antwerp Zoo<br />
9 March 2007<br />
<strong>European</strong> otter eep<br />
(Lutra lutra)<br />
Jo Elliott, Edinburgh Zoo<br />
8 May 2007<br />
Southern cheetah eep<br />
(Acinonyx j. jubatus)<br />
Jacques Ka<strong>and</strong>orp, Safaripark Beekse Bergen<br />
(Hilvarenbeek)<br />
9 March 2007<br />
Northern cheetah eep<br />
(Acinonyx j. soemeringi)<br />
Sean McKeown, H.H. Skeikh Butti Maktoum’s<br />
Wildlife Centre (Dubai)<br />
9 March 2007<br />
Okapi eep<br />
(Okapia johnstoni )<br />
Kristin Leus, Antwerp Zoo<br />
30 January 2007<br />
Cuvier’s gazelle eep<br />
(Gazella cuvieri )<br />
Eulalia Moreno, Estación Experimental de Zonas<br />
Áridas (Almeria)<br />
30 January 2007<br />
NEW ESBs<br />
Zebra shark esb<br />
(Stegostoma fasciatum)<br />
Max Janse, Burgers’ Zoo (Arnhem)<br />
9 March 2007<br />
Blue spotted stingray esb<br />
(Taeniura lymma)<br />
Nuria Baylina, Oceanario de Lisboa<br />
9 March 2007<br />
programme updates As approved by the EEP Committee<br />
Common chimpanzee esb<br />
(Pan troglodytes)<br />
Fr<strong>and</strong>s Carlsen, Copenhagen Zoo<br />
8 May 2007<br />
CHANGES TO EXISTING ESBs<br />
African dwarf crocodile esb<br />
(Osteolaemus tetraspis)<br />
Fabian Schmidt, Leipzig Zoo<br />
9 March 2007<br />
Rhinoceros iguana esb<br />
(Cyclura cornuta)<br />
Volker Grun, Frankfurt Zoo<br />
19 April 2007<br />
Carnaby’s black cockatoo esb<br />
(Calyptorhynchus latirostris)<br />
Bernd Marcordes, Cologne Zoo<br />
15 January 2007<br />
Red-tailed black cockatoo esb<br />
(Calyptorhynchus banksii )<br />
Bernd Marcordes, Cologne Zoo<br />
15 January 2007<br />
Purple-naped lory esb<br />
(Lorius domicellus)<br />
Bernd Marcordes, Cologne Zoo<br />
25 April 2007<br />
Black-eared marmoset esb<br />
(Callithrix penicillata)<br />
Bernard Holdijk, Dierenpark Wissel (Epe)<br />
9 March 2007<br />
Red-bellied tamarin esb<br />
(Saguinus labiatus)<br />
Pierre Grothmann, Magdeburg Zoo<br />
9 March 2007<br />
Warthog esb<br />
(Phacochoerus africanus)<br />
Kathleen St<strong>and</strong>en, Edinburgh Zoo<br />
9 March 2007
Wanted:<br />
New holders<br />
for the Sloth<br />
bear EEP<br />
Lars Versteege, coordinator Sloth<br />
bear EEP, Safaripark Beekse Bergen,<br />
Hilvarenbeek, the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
The Sloth bear EEP was established in 1989 <strong>and</strong> managed by Amsterdam<br />
Royal Zoo until August 2005. For almost 18 years the EEP population has<br />
fluctuated between twenty <strong>and</strong> thirty animals in two different subspecies<br />
(M. u. ursinus <strong>and</strong> M. u. inornatus). At the moment there are only<br />
22 Indian sloth bears (M. u. ursinus) <strong>and</strong> five Sri-Lanka sloth bears<br />
(M. u. inornatus) in the <strong>EAZA</strong> region, <strong>and</strong> many individuals are inbred<br />
due to the lack <strong>of</strong> unrelated animals.<br />
As the <strong>EAZA</strong> Bear TAG realised that there are only few chances – if not<br />
only one – to save the sloth bear, it decided to stimulate the EEP to start<br />
a big promotion campaign for keeping this species. The last 18 years<br />
there has been a disinterest in <strong>EAZA</strong> institutions to keep sloth bears,<br />
although the EEP always tried to find new holders. There is a desperate<br />
need to import unrelated founders into the EEP population, but in order<br />
to do that, more institutions have to commit to start keeping sloth bears.<br />
During the <strong>EAZA</strong> Annual Conference in Madrid, October 2006, the promotion<br />
campaign was launched, leading to some positive results. Three new<br />
institutions indicated their interested in keeping sloth bears, <strong>of</strong> which one<br />
has already received two females. Consequently, the EEP can undertake an<br />
effort to import new animals from India. However, more institutions are still<br />
needed to house same-sex groups <strong>of</strong> animals not recommended for breeding<br />
<strong>and</strong> to participate in possible other future imports from India. This<br />
EEP’s only chance to become sustainable in the future is by increasing the<br />
population <strong>and</strong> hence increasing the number <strong>of</strong> exhibits (i.e. new holders).<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> the current holders are very interested in the sloth bear <strong>and</strong> will<br />
do anything possible to save this EEP population. In general, sloth bears<br />
are not a highly dem<strong>and</strong>ing species when it comes to husb<strong>and</strong>ry <strong>and</strong><br />
management. Depending on the climate, they will need a winter accom-<br />
collection planning<br />
photos safaripark beekse bergen<br />
modation with a temperature <strong>of</strong> at least 10°C. A simple water moat or<br />
fence with electrical wires will be enough as a barrier, but the ability <strong>of</strong><br />
sloth bears to dig enormous holes should not be underestimated.<br />
What can your institution gain from keeping sloth bears?<br />
- a truly attractive <strong>and</strong> active species for your visitors;<br />
- a unique chance to help save this endangered bear species;<br />
- a perfect chance to educate visitors about ‘dancing bears’ <strong>and</strong> the<br />
possibility to fight this animal cruelty;<br />
- a great opportunity to use the classic ‘Jungle Book’ story in an<br />
awareness campaign for children.<br />
If your institution is interested in keeping sloth bears, please contact<br />
Lars Versteege at l.versteege@beeksebergen.nl •<br />
To exp<strong>and</strong> or not to exp<strong>and</strong>, that’s the question !<br />
Are you updating your institutional collection plan or seeking to add more EEP or ESB species to your collection? Many programmes are<br />
in need <strong>of</strong> additional participating institutions. There are also several EEP <strong>and</strong> ESB programmes that specifically wish not to exp<strong>and</strong>.<br />
Please refer to the member area <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> website (TAG section) for an up to date overview <strong>of</strong> these wishes per breeding programme.<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
19
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
20<br />
collection planning<br />
EU ban on wild bird imports<br />
William van Lint, <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office, Amsterdam, the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
The outbreak <strong>of</strong> Avian Influenza (H5N1) in different countries in Europe in 2005 <strong>and</strong> 2006 gave reason for the<br />
veterinary authorities in Brussels (SANCO) to implement a temporary bird import ban at that time. This<br />
initial import ban was extended several times, partly due to the strong animal welfare lobby which was very<br />
active in Brussels.<br />
An indefinite import ban was announced by the <strong>European</strong> Union on i<br />
11 January 2007. The ban has been adopted on the grounds that it will<br />
help prevent the spread <strong>of</strong> Avian Influenza <strong>and</strong> other diseases.<br />
The secretariat <strong>of</strong> the Convention on International Trade in Endangered<br />
Species <strong>of</strong> Wild Fauna <strong>and</strong> Flora (CITES) expressed its disappointment<br />
immediately after the <strong>of</strong>ficial announcement:<br />
‘….“As the ban only concerns the import <strong>of</strong> wild birds, it risks casting<br />
the wrong impression that the international bird trade is not<br />
effectively controlled. However, this trade is carefully regulated by the<br />
169 member countries <strong>of</strong> CITES.<br />
The global trade in wild birds has declined from an estimated 7.5<br />
million birds a year in 1975 (when CITES came into effect) to around<br />
1.5 million today. By contrast, the global trade in live domestic poultry<br />
involves some 750 million birds a year; this trade, however, is not<br />
affected by the EU’s new health-related law as chicken <strong>and</strong> other<br />
poultry are not considered to be ‘birds’ under its terms.<br />
………<br />
While CITES itself does impose trade bans on international trade in<br />
specimens <strong>of</strong> highly endangered species such as sea turtles <strong>and</strong> the<br />
tiger, it recognizes that bans risk creating black markets. By ending<br />
legal <strong>and</strong> tightly managed imports, the EU risks driving the market<br />
underground <strong>and</strong> making it less transparent. It also risks undermining<br />
the impoverished communities who depend on the environmentally<br />
sustainable trade in birds <strong>and</strong> removing their economic incentives for<br />
protecting bird habitat.<br />
The expert report that prompted the new EU legislation did not<br />
address the ban’s expected impact on nature conservation in the source<br />
countries. Nevertheless, it concluded that "Some local communities in<br />
countries <strong>of</strong> origin maintain bird habitat in order that they can catch<br />
wild birds for export <strong>and</strong> derive a significant part <strong>of</strong> their income from<br />
such sales. These practices can have a beneficial effect on bird conservation,<br />
even if birds are removed from wild populations <strong>and</strong> there are<br />
bad effects on bird welfare".’<br />
Though zoos are exempted from the ban, there are still a lot <strong>of</strong> uncertainties<br />
<strong>and</strong> concerns about it. SANCO (veterinary authorities in Brussels):<br />
“For zoos the new regulation does not change anything. They are exempt<br />
from the scope <strong>of</strong> the regulation on the basis <strong>of</strong> Article 2 (d). Certain<br />
categories <strong>of</strong> birds (birds intended for zoos) are excluded because they are<br />
covered by other legislation – namely the Council Directive 92/65/EEC<br />
(‘the Balai Directive’ ) <strong>and</strong> Decisions 2000/666/EC <strong>and</strong> 2005/759/EC.”<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Bird TAGs meeting<br />
The concerns <strong>and</strong> uncertainties about the long-term implications <strong>of</strong> the<br />
current import ban on bird populations in <strong>EAZA</strong> institutions were the<br />
reason for organising a workshop as part <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Bird TAGs meeting<br />
hosted by Vogelpark Avifauna, Alphen a/d Rijn, from 14 to 17 March 2007.<br />
The workshop ‘EU wild bird import ban <strong>and</strong> the future <strong>of</strong> <strong>EAZA</strong> bird<br />
collections’ was facilitated by Kristin Leus <strong>of</strong> CBSG Europe. Over fifty<br />
participants from all over Europe participated in the workshop.<br />
The workshop started by looking at developments <strong>of</strong> populations <strong>of</strong><br />
several species <strong>of</strong> birds, <strong>and</strong> projections for their future. Does no import<br />
or reduced import cause problems for bird populations within <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
institutions? Are these bird populations sustainable? Do <strong>EAZA</strong> institutions<br />
generate enough birds through breeding? Examples from the <strong>EAZA</strong> Pigeon<br />
<strong>and</strong> Dove TAG (see figure 1) <strong>and</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Galliformes TAG showed that<br />
even without an import ban we are not able/willing to sustainably manage<br />
an important part <strong>of</strong> our bird populations:<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Galliformes TAG (survey 2003 compared to 1995/98 ):<br />
- 26 populations decreased<br />
- 5 populations remained stable<br />
- 12 populations increased<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Pigeon <strong>and</strong> Dove TAG (based on <strong>EAZA</strong> data sets from ISIS):<br />
- 3 populations went extinct<br />
- 13 populations decreased<br />
- 13 increased or were stable<br />
Figure 1<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Pigeon <strong>and</strong> Dove TAG: population development <strong>of</strong> RCP species (2006)<br />
1* = sustainable
photo eaza executive <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
In contrast to what one would expect, even a number <strong>of</strong> managed<br />
programmes (EEPs <strong>and</strong> ESBs) in both TAGs are not sustainable. In<br />
conclusion, <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>and</strong> its members can not lean back, but have to be<br />
proactive to prevent losing important elements <strong>of</strong> its bird collections.<br />
Short- <strong>and</strong> long-term actions<br />
Workshop participants identified the following five themes as being the<br />
most urgent: acquisition, collection planning, awareness, husb<strong>and</strong>ry <strong>and</strong><br />
legislation. A working group was established for each theme to further<br />
define the problem <strong>and</strong> to come up with possible solutions.<br />
All workshop participants really were involved, <strong>and</strong> put much effort into<br />
getting satisfying results. The outcomes <strong>of</strong> the five working groups were<br />
presented at the end <strong>of</strong> the day.<br />
Some important conclusions were that <strong>EAZA</strong> is not pro-actively involved in<br />
the development <strong>of</strong> EU regulations, that there is a lack <strong>of</strong> willingness to invest<br />
collection planning<br />
in birds/bird collections <strong>and</strong> that regional collection plans are not sufficiently<br />
implemented at institutional level. Concrete actions were discussed <strong>and</strong><br />
approved by all workshop participants. The acquisition working group<br />
agreed upon establishing an <strong>EAZA</strong> Bird Acquisition Working Group that<br />
will look into non-<strong>EAZA</strong> bird collections <strong>and</strong> import policies. The collection<br />
planning working group suggested actions to improve the implementation<br />
<strong>of</strong> regional collection plans <strong>and</strong> to improve the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> (programme)<br />
species. A more constructive use <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> website, <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>News</strong> <strong>and</strong> other<br />
media to achieve this goal were strongly recommended for both <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
member institution staff <strong>and</strong> TAG chairs. Sharing information through the<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> website was also promoted by the husb<strong>and</strong>ry working group.<br />
Both the awareness <strong>and</strong> legislation working group concluded that<br />
actions were needed to inform the <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Committee <strong>and</strong><br />
Council that lobbying/representation in Brussels needs more attention.<br />
Informing decision makers within <strong>EAZA</strong> institutions about the current<br />
status was another action point <strong>of</strong> the awareness working group. These<br />
<strong>and</strong> several other actions, both short- <strong>and</strong> long-term, will form the basis<br />
for further steps. Some actions were immediately completed; a letter<br />
was prepared to the <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Committee, with a plea for more<br />
lobbying in Brussels on behalf <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> membership, <strong>and</strong> a workshop<br />
on the future <strong>of</strong> bird collections has been scheduled for the <strong>EAZA</strong> Annual<br />
Conference in Warsaw, Pol<strong>and</strong>, September 2007. A report with all workshop<br />
results will be ready shortly <strong>and</strong> will be made available to the <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
membership.<br />
Although the future <strong>of</strong> bird collections in <strong>EAZA</strong> member institutions<br />
proved to be a very complex subject, the workshop did make several steps<br />
forward! To be continued… •<br />
Help needed with <strong>European</strong> guenon survey<br />
The <strong>EAZA</strong> Old World Monkey TAG has decided to survey the<br />
population <strong>of</strong> forest guenon species (Cercopithecus spp.) in<br />
order to update its regional collection plan <strong>and</strong> consequently<br />
to decide whether breeding programmes for these species<br />
should be established. The species due to be included in this<br />
survey are C. mona, C. campbelli, C. nictitans, C. petaurista,<br />
C. ascanius, C. cephus, C. albogularis <strong>and</strong> C. mitis.<br />
All <strong>European</strong> zoos that have registered their guenons in<br />
ISIS will be contacted for additional information shortly.<br />
The TAG is however aware that guenons are <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
kept in small zoos that are not (yet) a member <strong>of</strong> ISIS.<br />
Consequently, please contact Jan Vermeer<br />
(j.vermeer@la-vallee-des-singes.fr) at La Vallée des Singes<br />
(Romagne) when you have information on guenons that are<br />
not in ISIS (both in <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>and</strong> non-<strong>EAZA</strong> zoos or sanctuaries).<br />
photo jan vermeer/la vallée des singes<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
21
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
22<br />
conservation<br />
Are amphibians<br />
like canaries in coal mines?<br />
Kevin C. Zippel, programme <strong>of</strong>ficer, IUCN/WAZA Amphibian Ark<br />
There are well over 6,000 species <strong>of</strong> frogs, toads, newts, salam<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> caecilians known to science. Nearly<br />
50% <strong>of</strong> these species have been described since 1985, <strong>and</strong> surely hundreds more await discovery. They inhabit<br />
diverse niches, from the treetops to caves <strong>and</strong> deserts, even reaching the arctic circle, <strong>and</strong> demonstrate a<br />
bewildering array <strong>of</strong> sizes, colours <strong>and</strong> perhaps most-interestingly, reproductive behaviours.<br />
Amphibians are important for many reasons. They are a source <strong>of</strong> vital i<br />
biomedicines including compounds that are being refined for analgesics,<br />
antibiotics, stimulants for heart attack victims, blockers <strong>of</strong> HIV transmission<br />
<strong>and</strong> treatments for diverse diseases including cancer. Amphibians’<br />
thin, permeable skins help them drink <strong>and</strong> breathe, but also make them<br />
susceptible to environmental contaminants, including agricultural,<br />
industrial, <strong>and</strong> pharmaceutical pollutants. Amphibians are therefore like<br />
canaries in a coal mine; just as miners used sensitive canaries to warn<br />
them <strong>of</strong> toxic gases in the mines, amphibians might be warning us <strong>of</strong><br />
unsafe environmental conditions that could eventually seriously impact<br />
our health. They are also vital components <strong>of</strong> their ecosystems, <strong>and</strong> in<br />
some regions a single amphibian species can exceed the biomass <strong>of</strong> all the<br />
bird or mammal species combined. Amphibians have played, <strong>and</strong> still do, a<br />
significant role in human culture, from traditional medicines <strong>and</strong> religion,<br />
to fairy tales, collectable trinkets <strong>and</strong> live terrarium keeping.<br />
Surviving the dinosaurs<br />
Amphibians have thrived for over 360 million years, having survived the<br />
reign <strong>and</strong> extinction <strong>of</strong> the dinosaurs, yet today we are on the verge <strong>of</strong><br />
losing much <strong>of</strong> this spectacular vertebrate class. The recent Global<br />
Amphibian Assessment, made by over 600 scientists from 60 countries,<br />
indicates that nearly half <strong>of</strong> all species are declining; one-third to one-half<br />
are threatened with extinction, <strong>and</strong> over 120 species have gone extinct in<br />
recent years. For every threatened species <strong>of</strong> bird or mammal, there are at<br />
least two or three species <strong>of</strong> amphibian facing extinction.<br />
Oedepina carablanca<br />
Dying from a fungus<br />
The causes <strong>of</strong> amphibian extinction are diverse, likely synergistic, <strong>and</strong><br />
poorly understood. By far, habitat loss affects more species than any other<br />
threat. However, one particular disease is <strong>of</strong> great concern because <strong>of</strong> its<br />
tendency to drive species to extinction <strong>and</strong> the rate at which it proceeds;<br />
amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). This has<br />
been associated with amphibian die-<strong>of</strong>fs in America, Africa, Australia<br />
<strong>and</strong> Europe <strong>and</strong> is currently unstoppable <strong>and</strong> untreatable in the wild. The<br />
current hypothesis is that chytrid fungus originated in South Africa but<br />
was spread around the world from the 1930’s on African clawed frogs<br />
(Xenopus laevis), which were broadly distributed for use in medicine,<br />
research, <strong>and</strong> the pet trade.<br />
When chytrid arrives in a new region its effects are generally fast <strong>and</strong><br />
severe. For example, it is believed to have arrived in Central America in<br />
the late 1980’s <strong>and</strong> has since spread like a wave at approximately<br />
28 km/year decimating montane amphibian communities as it goes.<br />
Within three months, about 50% <strong>of</strong> amphibian species <strong>and</strong> 80% <strong>of</strong><br />
individuals may disappear. Now known on every amphibian-inhabited<br />
continent, all indications are that chytrid fungus will continue to spread<br />
across suitable habitats, leading to widespread amphibian extinctions.<br />
The conservation community responds!<br />
The global conservation community responded with an Amphibian<br />
Conservation Summit in Washington D.C., United States <strong>of</strong> America,<br />
convened by Conservation International <strong>and</strong> the IUCN in September 2005.<br />
There, a declaration was produced calling for an Amphibian Conservation<br />
Action Plan (ACAP) to address the extinction crisis <strong>and</strong> a new IUCN/SSC<br />
branch – the Amphibian Specialist Group (ASG) – to carry out that plan.<br />
The ACAP will carry out research to exp<strong>and</strong> the underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> causes <strong>of</strong><br />
declines <strong>and</strong> calls for assessment (e.g. document amphibian diversity,<br />
changes), long-term conservation <strong>and</strong> emergency intervention to prevent<br />
imminent extinctions. With respect to conservation, the highest priority is<br />
clearly in situ conservation, i.e., saving species in their natural habitat.<br />
However, park borders might stop poachers, but not amphibian chytrid. In<br />
this case, ex situ conservation is required, bringing assurance populations<br />
into captivity to stave <strong>of</strong>f extinction until in situ threats can be mitigated.<br />
This is the case for hundreds <strong>of</strong> amphibian species, especially those that<br />
are Critically Endangered <strong>and</strong> Extinct in the Wild.
Help from zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria is needed<br />
With over 1,200 institutions, 100,000 employees <strong>and</strong> 600 million visitors<br />
per year, zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria are uniquely suited to help. They can assist<br />
with rapid response rescues, captive assurance colonies, providing animals<br />
for release <strong>and</strong> research, conservation education, capacity building, fundraising,<br />
<strong>and</strong> helping to develop recovery plans. The IUCN has urged that<br />
“All Critically Endangered <strong>and</strong> Extinct in the Wild taxa should be subject<br />
to ex situ management, to ensure recovery <strong>of</strong> wild populations” <strong>and</strong> the<br />
2005 IUCN ACAP White Papers echo that “Survival assurance colonies are<br />
m<strong>and</strong>atory for amphibian species that will not persist in the wild long<br />
enough to recover naturally once environments are restored; these species<br />
need to be saved now through ex situ measures so that more complete<br />
restoration <strong>of</strong> ecosystems is possible in the future”. Comparable calls to<br />
action are included in the Global Amphibian Assessment <strong>and</strong> other IUCN<br />
documents.<br />
2008: The year <strong>of</strong> the frog<br />
The Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (CBSG) has come together<br />
with the World <strong>Association</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Zoos</strong> <strong>and</strong> Aquariums (WAZA) <strong>and</strong> ASG<br />
to form the Amphibian Ark (AArk) to ‘help keep threatened amphibian<br />
species afloat’. AArk will utilize short-term ex situ management to ensure<br />
long-term survival <strong>of</strong> amphibians in nature where protection in the wild<br />
is not currently possible. The first emphasis is on programmes within<br />
the range countries <strong>of</strong> the species, <strong>and</strong> coupling the ex situ work with<br />
efforts to secure species in situ. AArk will provide global coordination<br />
conservation<br />
Hyalinobatrachium vireovittatum photos brian kubicki<br />
for cooperative ex situ programmes, including leading training courses,<br />
taxon management, <strong>and</strong> public relations. It will also lead zoos in a globally<br />
coordinated public awareness campaign ‘2008: The year <strong>of</strong> the frog’.<br />
With about 500 major zoos in the world <strong>and</strong> perhaps as many as 500<br />
species requiring ex situ help, AArk is asking each zoo to commit enough<br />
resources to save one species. To help divide up responsibility for the<br />
world’s amphibians, AArk is also recommending that each regional zoo<br />
association takes responsibility for nearby regions. <strong>EAZA</strong>’s priority must<br />
be <strong>European</strong> species, but other responsibilities falling to the region<br />
include Madagascar, Africa <strong>and</strong> the Middle East. The <strong>EAZA</strong> branch <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Amphibian Ark in collaboration with the <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian <strong>and</strong> Reptile<br />
TAG have already held workshops for Europe <strong>and</strong> Madagascar; preliminary<br />
species priorities have been identified <strong>and</strong> some programmes are already<br />
under development.<br />
Developing biosecure facilities<br />
<strong>Zoos</strong> have a long way to come to meet the challenges ahead. It is estimated<br />
that the global zoo community can currently manage viable populations<br />
<strong>of</strong> only fifty amphibian species, which amounts to perhaps 10% <strong>of</strong><br />
those requiring ex situ intervention. Urgent action is therefore needed,<br />
including better educational materials in our institutions <strong>and</strong> efforts to<br />
raise awareness, training keepers in amphibian biology <strong>and</strong> husb<strong>and</strong>ry,<br />
<strong>and</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> additional facilities. It is this latter which poses,<br />
perhaps, the greatest financial <strong>and</strong> practical challenge to the traditional<br />
zoo.<br />
This article has been abridged <strong>and</strong> the references were left out due to space limitations. For the original full version <strong>of</strong> the article including reference details, please refer to the ‘Magazine’ section <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> website.<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
23
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007 conservation<br />
24<br />
Hyalinobatrachium lemur<br />
Facilities for AArk populations must <strong>of</strong>fer high levels <strong>of</strong> biosecurity <strong>and</strong><br />
automated husb<strong>and</strong>ry in order to keep <strong>and</strong> breed amphibians that as<br />
closely resemble the ‘natural state’ as possible. Keeping animals in<br />
‘permanent quarantine’ for years on end is a rather new concept to most<br />
animal managers <strong>and</strong> will require a shift in keeping theory <strong>and</strong> practice.<br />
However, facilities need not be large or expensive.<br />
Of course, some zoos are already making valuable contributions to<br />
amphibian conservation. Some are constructing dedicated facilities within<br />
their own grounds (e.g., Antwerp Zoo, Belgium <strong>and</strong> Cologne Zoo, Germany)<br />
<strong>and</strong> some are helping to develop facilities in other regions <strong>of</strong> the world<br />
(e.g., Zurich Zoo, Switzerl<strong>and</strong> at Cali Zoo in Colombia <strong>and</strong> London Zoo,<br />
Chester Zoo <strong>and</strong> Durrel [Jersey], United Kingdom, in Dominica).<br />
Furthermore, there are now several zoo-led courses designed to develop<br />
husb<strong>and</strong>ry expertise, including Durrell’s Amphibian Biodiversity <strong>and</strong><br />
Conservation Course. Further husb<strong>and</strong>ry-related courses <strong>and</strong> on-the-job-<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian Ark Steering Committee<br />
Importantly, <strong>EAZA</strong> has taken a world lead on trying to tackle this global<br />
amphibian extinction crisis. The commitment <strong>and</strong> support <strong>of</strong> the EEP<br />
Committee, the <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office <strong>and</strong> numerous other institutions<br />
<strong>and</strong> individuals within the <strong>EAZA</strong> community, has set an example for the<br />
rest <strong>of</strong> the world's regional zoo associations to follow. This was clearly<br />
acknowledged on several occasions at the inaugural AArk meeting in<br />
Atlanta in February 2007. The plenary session in Madrid, the decision to<br />
organise the <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian Campaign 2007/8 <strong>and</strong> the EEP Committee’s<br />
training opportunities will become available through <strong>EAZA</strong> in the coming<br />
months. The first <strong>of</strong> these include trial husb<strong>and</strong>ry workshops in Plock,<br />
Pol<strong>and</strong> in April 2007 <strong>and</strong> Jersey, United Kingdom in August 2007.<br />
Essential contribution to nature conservation<br />
Addressing the amphibian extinction crisis represents the greatest species<br />
conservation challenge in the history <strong>of</strong> humanity. A third <strong>of</strong> the world’s<br />
6,000 amphibian species are threatened with extinction. The status <strong>of</strong><br />
many more is unknown but believed to be imperilled, bringing the percentage<br />
<strong>of</strong> threatened species potentially as high as 50%. This is significantly<br />
more than any other group <strong>of</strong> threat-assessed organisms. In comparison,<br />
just 12% <strong>of</strong> bird species <strong>and</strong> 23% <strong>of</strong> mammal species are considered threatened.<br />
Recent amphibian extinctions exceed 120 species <strong>and</strong> one entire<br />
family is already lost. Without immediate captive management as a stopgap<br />
component <strong>of</strong> an integrated conservation effort, hundreds <strong>of</strong> species<br />
will become extinct.<br />
This is an opportunity for every zoo <strong>and</strong> aquarium, regardless <strong>of</strong> size, to make<br />
a vital conservation contribution, <strong>and</strong> for our community to be broadly<br />
acknowledged as a credible conservation partner. Supporting this call to<br />
action is clearly within the financial capacity <strong>of</strong> all zoos <strong>and</strong> aquariums,<br />
<strong>and</strong> engages the diverse expertise found within all institutions. If zoos <strong>and</strong><br />
aquaria do not respond immediately <strong>and</strong> on an unprecedented scale,<br />
much <strong>of</strong> an entire vertebrate class will be lost, <strong>and</strong> they will have failed in<br />
its most basic conservation mission as defined in the World Zoo <strong>and</strong><br />
Aquarium Conservation Strategy (WAZA, 2005). •<br />
Through the AArk initiative, many amphibian species can be saved that<br />
would otherwise be lost forever, <strong>and</strong> it will be demonstrated to the<br />
world that zoos <strong>and</strong> aquaria are essential contributors to nature conservation.<br />
For more information, please visit www.AmphibianArk.org<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian Ark; progress since<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Annual Conference 2006<br />
Although for many people it may seem to have been rather quiet<br />
since the plenary session on the global amphibian extinction crisis<br />
in Madrid last year, many things have in fact happened.<br />
endorsement <strong>and</strong> support <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian Ark, are just three<br />
examples <strong>of</strong> how <strong>EAZA</strong> is demonstrating the importance it places in it’s<br />
membership supporting amphibian conservation.<br />
For updates on the selection process <strong>of</strong> priority species for the AArk<br />
initiative, workshops <strong>and</strong> several other projects that have been initiated,<br />
the <strong>EAZA</strong> Amphibian Ark refers you to the ‘Conservation’ section <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> website. Updates will also be published in the next issues <strong>of</strong> <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
<strong>News</strong>. •
Martin Wehrle, Goldau Zoo, Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
Bearded vulture EEP<br />
For twenty years now, bearded vultures have however been reintroduced<br />
into the Alps via a project supported by almost thirty zoological institutions.<br />
The Bearded vulture EEP, one <strong>of</strong> the first EEPs, was established in<br />
1986, <strong>and</strong> mainly focuses on the conservation <strong>of</strong> bearded vultures in the<br />
wild. For a long time breeding bearded vultures in captivity seemed almost<br />
impossible. One <strong>of</strong> the main problems was the difficulty in distinguishing<br />
males from females by external features, which hampered the formation<br />
<strong>of</strong> pairs. New techniques have made sex determination much easier. In<br />
January 2006, the Bearded vulture EEP counted 66.60.1 birds. That same<br />
year 19 eggs hatched, <strong>of</strong> which 16 chicks were raised successfully by their<br />
parents or foster parents. Ten chicks have been released in Austria, Italy<br />
<strong>and</strong> for the first time in Spain (Sierra de Cazorla). Since the establishment<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Bearded vulture EEP, 144 juveniles have been released into the wild.<br />
Successful rearing at Goldau Zoo<br />
Goldau Zoo in Switzerl<strong>and</strong> is also involved in the bearded vulture reintroduction<br />
project. Several zoos keep this species, but each year, only a few<br />
captive pairs breed. Goldau Zoo has been trying to breed with the species<br />
since 1995. The zoo built two additional breeding aviaries in 1998, so<br />
a total <strong>of</strong> three pairs <strong>of</strong> bearded vultures could be kept. The first egg<br />
hatched in 2000. The zoo opened a new exhibit in 2005, informing the<br />
visitors about the bearded vulture, its biology, its extinction <strong>and</strong> the<br />
reintroduction project. Last year was very successful; due to the great<br />
devotion <strong>of</strong> the zoo staff, three bearded vultures were successfully raised.<br />
The staff had to deal with several problems during the rearing period <strong>and</strong><br />
one <strong>of</strong> the <strong>of</strong>fspring was transported to the Vienna Breeding Unit to be<br />
reared by foster parents. Two <strong>of</strong> these three bearded vultures have now<br />
been released (one in Martelltal <strong>and</strong> one in Hohe Tauern) <strong>and</strong> the third<br />
one went to another breeding centre.<br />
Late February 2007, another two chicks hatched. One <strong>of</strong> the chicks died<br />
due to a goitre infection. The other chick is developing well <strong>and</strong> will be<br />
reintroduced in the Swiss National Park in June.<br />
conservation<br />
Reintroduction <strong>of</strong> the bearded vulture<br />
photo michael knollseisen<br />
For a long time the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) was hunted fiercely, due to the superstition that,<br />
besides slaughtering lambs in its wild dives, this gigantic bird would not even shy from stealing children....<br />
This lack <strong>of</strong> knowledge led to the noticeable disappearance <strong>of</strong> the bearded vultures in the Alps.<br />
Bearded vultures on the move<br />
The success <strong>of</strong> this project shows the importance <strong>of</strong> zoo cooperation <strong>and</strong><br />
support in conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>European</strong> flagship species. As many as eight<br />
young vultures could be released at four sites in the Alps during successful<br />
project years. Since 1997, 33 <strong>of</strong>fspring have hatched in the wild <strong>and</strong> the once<br />
extinct vulture has a new <strong>and</strong> growing natural population. The project<br />
‘Bearded vulture on the move’ began in 2004. Released single young bearded<br />
vultures are marked with satellite transmitters, allowing a broad public to<br />
continuously follow each single bird on the internet. The marked birds are<br />
located with the help <strong>of</strong> satellites which circle the earth in the north-south<br />
axis at a height <strong>of</strong> 850 km. This interesting information helps to fascinate<br />
people about the bearded vulture <strong>and</strong> its alpine habitat. Futhermore, the<br />
technology provides basic data to study spatial behaviour.<br />
photo goldau zoo<br />
Testing transmitters<br />
Before the project began, the fixation <strong>of</strong> the satellite transmitters was tested<br />
on bearded vultures <strong>of</strong> Goldau Zoo. Two systems proved to be successful;<br />
the affixation <strong>of</strong> a transmitter onto a tail feather <strong>and</strong> the affixation with an<br />
elastic b<strong>and</strong> which lies around the hips (like a climber’s belt). Consequently,<br />
two vultures were released <strong>and</strong> could be monitored in 2005 <strong>and</strong> 2006.<br />
Currently, the use <strong>of</strong> satellite transmitters with GPS modules is being<br />
evaluated. This would enable more accurate location data in the future.<br />
The position <strong>of</strong> the vultures can still be observed via the internet through<br />
www.bartgeier.ch/unterwegs •<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
25
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
26<br />
conservation<br />
The Pacarana Conservation Programme;<br />
an international effort to save an<br />
endangered species<br />
Karin Osbahr, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia <strong>and</strong> Stewart Muir, Newquay Zoo, United Kingdom<br />
Colombia is one <strong>of</strong> the world’s richest countries in terms <strong>of</strong> species diversity, <strong>and</strong> is second only to Brazil in<br />
overall number <strong>of</strong> species. This high biodiversity can be attributed, amongst other reasons, to its mountainous<br />
aspect, with three Andean ranges reaching almost 6,000 m above sea level. The effects <strong>of</strong> altitude <strong>and</strong> climate<br />
have combined to create a myriad <strong>of</strong> microhabitats along the slopes <strong>of</strong> these mountains, each home to its own<br />
distinct <strong>and</strong> unique flora <strong>and</strong> fauna, featuring some <strong>of</strong> the highest levels <strong>of</strong> species diversity. These conditions<br />
contribute to make the Andean region one <strong>of</strong> the richest in neotropical species <strong>and</strong> one <strong>of</strong> the highest in species<br />
density. This extremely high diversity coupled with the high degree <strong>of</strong> threat, places Colombia amongst the<br />
highest conservation priorities on earth. As well as the pacarana (Dinomys branickii ), most <strong>of</strong> the Andean<br />
flora <strong>and</strong> fauna species belong to unique taxonomic groups with a restricted geographical distribution.<br />
Guagua loba<br />
The pacarana is one <strong>of</strong> the least known rodent species <strong>of</strong> the South<br />
American Andean region. It was first described by Peters in 1873, <strong>and</strong> was<br />
described for the first time in Venezuela during the late 20th century<br />
(Boher, 1988). In Colombia the range <strong>of</strong> the pacarana, known locally as<br />
‘guagua loba’, embraces the whole Andean region with ranges between<br />
1,800 to 3,200 m (Osbahr, 1995).<br />
The pacarana has always been mentioned in literature as a rare <strong>and</strong><br />
endangered species (Mohr, 1935; Collins <strong>and</strong> Eisenberg, 1972; Merrit, 1984;<br />
White <strong>and</strong> Alberico, 1992). It is listed by IUCN as Endangered (mainly<br />
due to drastic habitat reduction) <strong>and</strong> as Vulnerable in the Red Data Book<br />
<strong>of</strong> Threatened Mammals <strong>of</strong> Columbia (Alberico <strong>and</strong> Osbahr, 2006).<br />
The endangered status is based upon a suspected reduction <strong>of</strong> at least<br />
50% over the last three generations, based on its occurence <strong>and</strong> quality<br />
<strong>of</strong> habitat, <strong>and</strong> levels <strong>of</strong> hunting for meat. However, the remaining<br />
number, the local geographic distribution <strong>and</strong> regional or local causes <strong>of</strong><br />
decline are not clear. Taxonomic uniqueness (last survivor <strong>of</strong> the family<br />
Dinomyidae), its level <strong>of</strong> taxonomic threat, (one genera, one species) <strong>and</strong><br />
habitat reduction are probably the only criteria for evaluating its status.<br />
Pacaranas in zoos<br />
Historically the number <strong>of</strong> captive pacaranas held worldwide in zoos has<br />
also been very small. According to literature the first living animal reached<br />
Hamburg Zoo, Germany, in 1902 (Mohr, 1937). The international studbook<br />
maintained by Rio Gr<strong>and</strong>e do Sul Zoo in Brazil reported 25 pacaranas in<br />
nine collections in December 2004 but did not include <strong>European</strong> zoos.<br />
As <strong>of</strong> March 2007, ISIS listed 15.10 pacaranas in three North American <strong>and</strong><br />
two South American zoos. The largest holding <strong>of</strong> pacaranas at Cali Zoo in<br />
Colombia has declined because <strong>of</strong> a high mortality rate in newborn <strong>and</strong><br />
adult animals.<br />
In situ <strong>and</strong> ex situ research.<br />
photo karin osbahr/udca<br />
The Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (UDCA) in Bogotá,<br />
Colombia, has been researching hystricomorphic rodents <strong>of</strong> the Andean<br />
region, including the pacarana <strong>and</strong> the mountain paca (Cuniculus<br />
taczanowskii ), since 1990. The pacarana project is part <strong>of</strong> the UDCA’s<br />
Andean Ecosystem Research Line <strong>and</strong> the Fauna Research Group <strong>and</strong> is<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficially recognised by the Colombian government. The project involves<br />
captive breeding <strong>and</strong> basic biological <strong>and</strong> ecological in situ <strong>and</strong> ex situ<br />
research. The research group has developed some basic studies on<br />
morphophysiology, behaviour, parasitism, geographic distribution <strong>and</strong><br />
nutritional ecology (Osbahr, 1994; 1998; 1999; 2001; 2003; López, et al.,<br />
2000). The information will be used to design a management plan<br />
for these endangered species, keeping in mind possible reintroduction<br />
<strong>of</strong> captive bred animals as well as habitat management <strong>and</strong> educational<br />
programmes for local rural communities.<br />
Studying confiscated pacaranas<br />
The UDCA obtained a group <strong>of</strong> four pacaranas confiscated by the<br />
Colombian government from illegal wildlife trade. The breeding group is
presently maintained in a large outdoor enclosure at the university.<br />
During the past five years the research project at the university has<br />
housed 17 pacaranas (including some young born) <strong>and</strong> five mountain<br />
pacas. Even though births have occurred throughout the time, many<br />
newborns died during the first days <strong>of</strong> life <strong>and</strong> an increased mortality in<br />
adults reduced the population to eight animals.<br />
Support from NGO’s <strong>and</strong> zoos<br />
The project has been supported mainly by UDCA, with additional funding<br />
obtained for specific research from national <strong>and</strong> international NGO’s. The<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> Small Mammal TAG recommended that a consortium <strong>of</strong> zoos should<br />
be formed to support this work. Consequently, since 2004, with the advice<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Society for the Protection <strong>of</strong> Species <strong>and</strong> Populations (ZGAP), a<br />
Memor<strong>and</strong>um <strong>of</strong> Agreement was signed.<br />
The Pacarana Conservation Programme is supported by Newquay Zoo, Poznan<br />
Zoo, Chester Zoo <strong>and</strong> non-<strong>EAZA</strong> member Tierpark Cottbus. Recently, the<br />
Los Angeles Zoo has also joined the Pacarana Conservation Committee. The<br />
financial <strong>and</strong> advisory support from zoos will allow increased veterinary care<br />
<strong>and</strong> building <strong>of</strong> a new facility, designed according to the international st<strong>and</strong>ards<br />
<strong>of</strong> ex situ conservation programmes. This new facility is a priority to guarantee<br />
a better quality <strong>of</strong> life for the animals maintained in captivity at the UDCA.<br />
Long-term actions<br />
Successful in situ <strong>and</strong> ex situ conservation to assist wild populations<br />
requires education, support <strong>of</strong> field conservation initiatives, research,<br />
<strong>and</strong> maintaining or preserving significant amounts <strong>of</strong> genetic variation<br />
for the future. Pilot wildlife management programmes will be important<br />
for raising public awareness <strong>and</strong> support for wildlife management <strong>and</strong><br />
conservation in general. Colombians, like people elsewhere, are more<br />
likely to support conservation programmes that <strong>of</strong>fer them tangible<br />
incentives instead <strong>of</strong> legal prohibitions. The Pacarana Conservation<br />
Programme Committee has outlined a global research plan with specific<br />
in situ <strong>and</strong> ex situ projects. These will include:<br />
– DNA studies to define genetic <strong>and</strong> demographic variability at the<br />
captive breeding colony <strong>and</strong> in remaining wild populations;<br />
– definition <strong>of</strong> the real conservation status <strong>of</strong> the species in Colombia;<br />
– evaluation <strong>of</strong> the communities’ attitude towards the species;<br />
– evaluation <strong>of</strong> the remnant tropical mountain forest;<br />
– continuation <strong>of</strong> general biological <strong>and</strong> ecological studies <strong>of</strong> the species.<br />
Facility relocation<br />
During January 2006, Stewart Muir <strong>of</strong> Newquay Zoo visited the UDCA<br />
to see the facility in which the pacarana are kept <strong>and</strong> to help advise on<br />
a possible course <strong>of</strong> action. Initially, the funding provided by the <strong>European</strong><br />
zoos was to improve the existing facility <strong>and</strong> tackle the serious problem <strong>of</strong><br />
rat infestation. However, the many problems <strong>of</strong> keeping the animals on<br />
their present site have become apparent. Its close proximity to domestic<br />
livestock, the rat problem <strong>and</strong> the lack <strong>of</strong> possibility for expansion led to<br />
the idea <strong>of</strong> relocating the facility to another part <strong>of</strong> the campus. Although<br />
this would cost more money than originally planned it was agreed that<br />
this was the best solution.<br />
conservation<br />
Approximately 500,000 larvae transported in plastic bottles photo stewart muir/newquay zoo<br />
Thanks to the donation <strong>of</strong> rat poison from ZGAP, the rat problem has been<br />
greatly reduced during the last year. Final architectural drawings <strong>of</strong> the<br />
new facility, including enclosures, a research room, a kitchen <strong>and</strong> an <strong>of</strong>fice<br />
have been approved <strong>and</strong> planning permission has been granted for a new<br />
site. Construction is due to start in the very near future, <strong>and</strong> it is hoped<br />
that the pacaranas will all soon be moving to their new home.<br />
Future support<br />
The priority <strong>of</strong> the Pacarana Conservation Committee is the welfare <strong>of</strong><br />
the pacarana breeding colony at UDCA. Until now, research is carried out<br />
mainly supported by funds. Long-term actions will be supported by zoos<br />
which will carry out in situ <strong>and</strong> ex situ research. Consequently, the<br />
Pacarana Conservation Programme requires more funding <strong>and</strong>, in future,<br />
more research expertise. Besides this, expertise in enclosure design is<br />
needed; a breeding enclosure has to be established at a nature reserve<br />
area which will need a building license from local environmental<br />
authorities.<br />
Institutions interested in funding opportunities or other supporting<br />
measures, please contact Karin Osbahr at kosbahr@udca.edu.co •<br />
Reference: Mohr, E., 1937. Vom Pacarana Dinomys branickii (Peters).<br />
Der Zoologische Garten NF9, 204-209.<br />
Approximately 500,000 larvae transported in plastic bottles photo karin osbahr/udca<br />
This article has been abridged <strong>and</strong> the references were left out due to space limitations. For the original full version <strong>of</strong> the article including reference details, please refer to the ‘Magazine’ section <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> website.<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
27
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007 conservation<br />
28<br />
Macaques in the Middle Atlas Forest;<br />
an increasingly rare sight<br />
Els van Lavieren, IUCN, the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> Ania Sharwood, AAP - Sanctuary for exotic animals, the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
Concern for the wild population <strong>of</strong> Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in northern Africa was already<br />
expressed by some researchers in the 1970´s. International recognition <strong>of</strong> the crisis taking place has only<br />
occurred in the last few years however. Habitat degradation, macaque population decline, <strong>and</strong> the large<br />
influx <strong>of</strong> illegally traded macaques into Europe are manifestations <strong>of</strong> an ecosystem in need <strong>of</strong> attention.<br />
This has alerted not only independent researchers, but also many conservation organisations, <strong>European</strong> zoos<br />
<strong>and</strong> rescue centres.<br />
Distribution <strong>and</strong> population size<br />
Once spread throughout northern Africa <strong>and</strong> parts <strong>of</strong> Europe, now only<br />
small populations <strong>of</strong> Barbary macaques remain in Morocco <strong>and</strong> Algeria.<br />
In Morocco they can still be found in the Rif Mountains (northern part<br />
<strong>of</strong> the country) <strong>and</strong> the Middle <strong>and</strong> High Atlas Mountains. The Rif<br />
Mountains contain a few fragmented populations in disjunctive mixed<br />
wood forest pockets, <strong>and</strong> the population <strong>of</strong> Barbary macaques in the High<br />
Atlas Mountains is restricted to the Ourika Valley, where only one small<br />
relic population survives. The Middle Atlas region contains the largest<br />
remaining population <strong>of</strong> the species. In Algeria their natural habitat is<br />
highly fragmented, resulting in small populations in only seven restricted<br />
areas in the Petit <strong>and</strong> Gr<strong>and</strong>e Kabylie Mountains.<br />
In merely a few decades, the density <strong>of</strong> Barbary macaques in the Middle<br />
Atlas has dropped from 44 to as low as ten individuals per square kilometre.<br />
The total number <strong>of</strong> Barbary macaques was estimated at 23,000 in the<br />
1970´s, already considered a fraction <strong>of</strong> the historical population size,<br />
before intensive l<strong>and</strong> use by humans <strong>and</strong> harvesting for commercial<br />
purposes. Recent estimations for the total population size in Morocco<br />
range from 6,000 to 10,000 individuals.<br />
Local flora <strong>and</strong> fauna<br />
The Middle Atlas Mountains boast the last remaining north African<br />
forest <strong>of</strong> mixed oak <strong>and</strong> cedar trees, with a total <strong>of</strong> around forty different<br />
species <strong>of</strong> trees <strong>and</strong> up to 300 herb <strong>and</strong> shrub species. The fauna currently<br />
comprises 37 species <strong>of</strong> mammals, 142 bird species <strong>and</strong> 33 species <strong>of</strong><br />
reptiles <strong>and</strong> amphibians. In the past, these mountains also provided a<br />
refuge for large mammals, such as the extinct Barbary lion (Panthera<br />
leo leo). The leopard <strong>and</strong> the lynx were commonly sighted here too. The<br />
decline, <strong>and</strong> even disappearance <strong>of</strong> several unique species in the Middle<br />
Atlas Mountains clearly point towards the fact that this ecosystem is<br />
under great pressure.<br />
Human-animal conflict<br />
In response to situations such as food <strong>and</strong> water shortage in the Barbary<br />
macaque habitat, the existing animal-human conflict is escalating.<br />
Approximately 500,000 larvae transported in plastic bottles photo ronald troostwijk<br />
Local Berbers cut <strong>of</strong>f access to scarce water sources, <strong>and</strong> subsequently the<br />
monkeys are forced to strip bark <strong>of</strong>f trees <strong>and</strong> eat young cedar shoots for<br />
their water intake. This causes considerable harm to trees that are used<br />
for the logging industry. In addition to this, as their habitat shrinks,<br />
Barbary macaques inevitably come closer to agricultural l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
residential areas. Consequently, they damage crops <strong>and</strong> become easier<br />
victims to trapping for the pet trade. As with all primate species, Barbary<br />
macaques are very important for seed dispersal <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> insect<br />
populations, <strong>and</strong> have potential benefits to eco-tourism. Despite this,<br />
the Barbary macaque, once locally respected, is now <strong>of</strong>ten used as a<br />
scapegoat for the numerous problems in the region.
Approximately 500,000 larvae transported in plastic bottles photos sabine joosten<br />
Important natural resources<br />
Invariably, these problems all originate from human exploitation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
forest regions, both directly <strong>and</strong> indirectly. Probably the greatest threats<br />
are livestock grazing <strong>and</strong> logging for firewood <strong>and</strong> timber production.<br />
These activities lead to the degeneration <strong>of</strong> indigenous vegetation,<br />
causing reduced biodiversity <strong>and</strong> soil erosion. Forests in northern Africa<br />
also play a vital role in creating shade, regulating the hydrology <strong>of</strong> the<br />
area <strong>and</strong> providing drinking water. The trees retain the soil, <strong>and</strong> generate<br />
cooler <strong>and</strong> wetter microclimates for plants, animals <strong>and</strong> humans. Reduced<br />
rain <strong>and</strong> snowfall have led to severe droughts since the 1990’s. There is a<br />
deleterious effect on the Moroccan water supply, 60% <strong>of</strong> which is provided<br />
by the Middle Atlas forest. Climate change is already <strong>and</strong> will only<br />
progressively stress the already degraded ecosystem. The consequences<br />
are potentially disastrous for both animals, such as the Barbary macaque,<br />
<strong>and</strong> local communities depending heavily on the forest resources.<br />
The <strong>European</strong> link<br />
Apart from being a local problem, the Barbary macaque can actually be<br />
considered a true ‘<strong>European</strong> issue’ for several reasons. The close economic<br />
<strong>and</strong> cultural connections between northern Africa <strong>and</strong> Europe links us<br />
to the macaques' countries <strong>of</strong> origin. The Barbary macaque is the only<br />
primate species close to Europe (once even an inhabitant <strong>of</strong> part <strong>of</strong><br />
Europe), <strong>and</strong> an introduced feral population <strong>of</strong> a few hundred animals<br />
lives on the Rock <strong>of</strong> Gibraltar. An estimated 300 animals are caught from<br />
the wild annually for the illegal pet trade into Europe. Captive-bred<br />
populations are kept in many <strong>European</strong> zoological institutions. Knowing<br />
that Barbary macaques in northern Africa <strong>and</strong> their natural habitat are<br />
currently <strong>of</strong>fered very limited protection, despite their low numbers <strong>and</strong><br />
rapid decline, it seems logical to become involved in the protection <strong>of</strong> this<br />
unique species.<br />
Current conservation measures<br />
Though most habitats <strong>of</strong> the Barbary macaque in Algeria benefit from a<br />
national park status, in Morocco the largest part <strong>of</strong> their habitat falls<br />
outside <strong>of</strong> protected areas. There are however serious plans to give<br />
protected area status to the central Middle Atlas. As a CITES II species,<br />
the collection <strong>and</strong> export <strong>of</strong> macaques are regulated by a system <strong>of</strong><br />
permits in both Morocco <strong>and</strong> Algeria, but enforcement <strong>of</strong> the legislation<br />
is minimal. As the trade was thought to have a harmful effect on the<br />
survival <strong>of</strong> the species, imports into the EU were suspended in 2000<br />
under the provisions <strong>of</strong> article 4.6b <strong>of</strong> EC Regulation 338/97.<br />
conservation<br />
These remain in force under the most recent EC suspensions regulation<br />
EC252/2005. In effect these measures have no influence on the active<br />
illegal trade. The limited protection measures unambiguously pose a<br />
direct threat to the survival <strong>of</strong> the species.<br />
Action is needed<br />
Through cooperation on a practical <strong>and</strong> political level it seems that a<br />
change for the better is in sight. Local <strong>and</strong> international research is providing<br />
a lot <strong>of</strong> information on the harmful developments in Barbary macaque<br />
habitat such as the Middle Atlas. IUCN, WWF, the Moroccan Ministry <strong>of</strong><br />
Forest <strong>and</strong> Water <strong>and</strong> many specialists in the field have identified the causes<br />
<strong>of</strong> the problems, <strong>and</strong> more importantly, the proper solutions. Various<br />
measures have been recommended to reduce the chances <strong>of</strong> the Barbary<br />
macaque becoming extinct, <strong>and</strong> turning around unsustainable human<br />
l<strong>and</strong> use in north Africa. Action points discussed include creating a management<br />
plan for conservation <strong>and</strong> sustainable development, the strict<br />
enforcement <strong>of</strong> national park guidelines, increased forest guard activities,<br />
upgrading CITES listing <strong>of</strong> the Barbary macaque, better enforcement <strong>of</strong><br />
the CITES laws, strict border control <strong>and</strong> assisting local communities to<br />
implement an alternative economy to livestock keeping. Over the next<br />
few years a great deal <strong>of</strong> attention needs to be devoted to putting these<br />
strategies into practice.<br />
Raising awareness <strong>and</strong> educating both the local <strong>and</strong> international community<br />
is the key to gathering the support needed to successfully achieve<br />
these goals. This is where pr<strong>of</strong>essional organisations such as <strong>EAZA</strong> can make<br />
a considerable contribution. The Barbary macaque in captivity can be used<br />
as an ambassador, illustrating how we need to promote sustainable use<br />
<strong>of</strong> our nearby natural resources. We must help to safeguard the long-term<br />
survival <strong>of</strong> these unique <strong>and</strong> valuable regions such as the Middle Atlas<br />
Mountains, for the benefit <strong>of</strong> both humans <strong>and</strong> animals. •<br />
Barbary macaques are being monitored by the <strong>EAZA</strong> Old World Monkey<br />
TAG. Currently, ISIS lists 102.146.37 Barbary macaques in <strong>EAZA</strong> institutions.<br />
However, much more animals are held at non-<strong>EAZA</strong> institutions<br />
<strong>and</strong>/or non-ISIS institutions, <strong>and</strong> it might well be that the Barbary<br />
macaque is the most commonly kept primate in captivity in Europe.<br />
This article has been abridged <strong>and</strong> the references were left out due to space limitations. For the original full version <strong>of</strong> the article including reference details, please refer to the ‘Magazine’ section <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> website.<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
29
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007 conservation<br />
30<br />
Rescuing <strong>European</strong> spoonbill eggs<br />
from spring tides<br />
Mariano Cuadrado <strong>and</strong> Iñigo Sánchez, Jerez Zoo, Spain <strong>and</strong> Claudine de le Court Consejería de Medio, Sevilla, Spain<br />
In spring, strong tides destroy <strong>European</strong> spoonbill (Platalea l. leucorodia) nests at a well-known spoonbill<br />
breeding location in Paraje Natural de las Marismas del Odiel in southwestern Spain. One <strong>of</strong> the objectives<br />
<strong>of</strong> the local environmental authory in Andalucía (Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía) is to<br />
rescue these spoonbill eggs before they are destroyed. This initiative is part <strong>of</strong> a managament plan for this<br />
species, which focuses on increasing the survival chance <strong>of</strong> spoonbill chicks to improve the knowlegde about<br />
the species <strong>and</strong> to contribute to settlement <strong>of</strong> a new colony at a different site.<br />
In 2006 approximately 450 eggs in 300 spoonbill nests were in danger <strong>of</strong><br />
being destroyed by the spring tides. Consequently, 112 eggs were collected<br />
(67 in February <strong>and</strong> 45 in March), which were transported to Jerez Zoo,<br />
approximately 50 km east <strong>of</strong> the breeding site. The eggs were incubated<br />
<strong>and</strong> the chicks were h<strong>and</strong>-reared at the zoo for release back into the wild,<br />
using a common hacking technique. The release occurred at a different<br />
site located north <strong>of</strong> the Doñana area that is believed to be safer from<br />
flooding than the colony where the chicks originated from. A similar<br />
action was undertaken in 1997 (please refer to <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>News</strong> 19/1997, p.9).<br />
Incubation <strong>and</strong> rearing<br />
A HF25 Masalles incubator with automatic regulation <strong>of</strong> humidity<br />
<strong>and</strong> temperature was used. Humidity was kept high (ca. 55%) <strong>and</strong> the<br />
temperature was kept around 37.4°C, resembling natural conditions.<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 41 eggs hatched; 25 <strong>of</strong> 67 collected in February <strong>and</strong> 16 <strong>of</strong> 45<br />
collected in March 2007.<br />
The chicks were kept in artificial nests in groups <strong>of</strong> about five individuals.<br />
They were initially fed five times a day with a mixture <strong>of</strong> small-sized<br />
fish (Fundulus sp.) <strong>and</strong> shrimps (similar to their natural diet), ground beef<br />
heart, flamingo pellets (breeder fine ground, Mazuri ® ) <strong>and</strong> calcium. The<br />
number <strong>of</strong> feedings was reduced <strong>and</strong> the proportion <strong>of</strong> large fishes was<br />
increased after four weeks. The human foster parents wore a white t-shirt<br />
<strong>and</strong> a spoonbill adult-like helmet when feeding the chicks to reduce<br />
likelihood <strong>of</strong> the chicks imprinting on humans.<br />
After another week, the birds were transferred to a large enclosure where<br />
they could fly. The weather conditions usually allowed the chicks to sun<br />
bathe for at least two hours a day. Body mass <strong>of</strong> the spoonbills was<br />
measured daily <strong>and</strong> bill <strong>and</strong> tarsus length were measured every four days.<br />
Releasing the birds<br />
A total <strong>of</strong> 38 chicks was raised succesfully. Prior to releasing the birds, they<br />
were checked on common diseases including Avian Influenza. Five chicks<br />
were kept at Jerez Zoo after veterinary inspection. The other 33 chicks<br />
were released in May from an open enclosure in their natural habitat,<br />
with food supplied every day during one month. The birds could return<br />
to the enclosure freely, but soon progressively dispersed to other places.<br />
Approximately 500,000 larvae transported in plastic bottles photos jerez zoo<br />
It is expected that the spoonbills released last year will behave naturally.<br />
The spoonbills released in 1997 (72 chicks hatched <strong>and</strong> were succesfully<br />
raised from 153 eggs) received the same treatment <strong>and</strong> showed natural<br />
behaviours. Some <strong>of</strong> the spoonbills released in 1997 have been recorded<br />
over-wintering in west Africa <strong>and</strong>/or breeding at different colonies<br />
distributed in southern Spain (unpublished data). If some <strong>of</strong> the birds<br />
return to the releasing site (due to a high philopatry) this will increase<br />
the probability that the species will initiate a colony at the selected site.<br />
Jerez Zoo will wait for the best results to come. •
ZIMS; ready for the next big step<br />
Jaime Meyer, ISIS, Minnesota, United States <strong>of</strong> America<br />
The ZIMS application is built.<br />
Now it is on to final testing, <strong>and</strong> then to deployment.<br />
End-to-end testing<br />
After three years <strong>of</strong> intense, complex global collaboration in which 500<br />
zoo <strong>and</strong> aquarium pr<strong>of</strong>essionals volunteered thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> hours to<br />
design it, ZIMS is 99% built. The next phase is testing the application<br />
to ensure that it performs as it was designed. We call this phase User<br />
Acceptance Testing (UAT). The UAT process begins with ‘end-to-end’<br />
testing <strong>of</strong> the s<strong>of</strong>tware. ISIS <strong>and</strong> the developers from the s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
company (Toronto-based CGI) will work through every ZIMS page,<br />
from beginning to end, to make sure the application is complete.<br />
End-to-end testing begins in May 2007, <strong>and</strong> is planned to last several<br />
weeks.<br />
Finding the bugs<br />
After end-to-end testing, formal UAT testers will be brought into<br />
the process. About eighty testers from over twenty institutions,<br />
representing various disciplines in the zoo <strong>and</strong> aquarium community<br />
(veterinarians, aquarium specialists, registrars, curators etc.) will work<br />
though ZIMS screen by screen. ISIS will conduct two training sessions<br />
to instruct UAT testers how to find <strong>and</strong> report bugs in the s<strong>of</strong>tware.<br />
UAT testers will work from 1,000 scenarios created by ISIS <strong>and</strong> volunteers<br />
from the community. Each scenario asks the tester to conduct<br />
a basic daily ZIMS task, such as accessioning an animal, recording<br />
an observation or recording a clinical treatment. Each <strong>of</strong> the eighty<br />
testers will have between five <strong>and</strong> forty scenarios to work on, based<br />
on their personal area <strong>of</strong> expertise.<br />
Alpha <strong>and</strong> beta adopters<br />
Testing will take place for two weeks, followed by two weeks in which<br />
CGI will correct the bugs found. Testing will then resume for two<br />
weeks, followed by another two-week bug fix, <strong>and</strong> finally another<br />
two-week testing followed by another two weeks <strong>of</strong> bug fixes. ISIS<br />
anticipates that this part <strong>of</strong> UAT will take 12 weeks. After this phase,<br />
seven ‘alpha adopter’ institutions will begin using ZIMS throughout<br />
their institutions. About three months later, 14 ‘beta adopter’<br />
institutions will begin using ZIMS as well. The testing phase <strong>of</strong> ZIMS<br />
will be completed when ZIMS has been proven to function correctly<br />
<strong>and</strong> completely in all the ways ISIS set out in its contract with the<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware company. The list <strong>of</strong> criteria included in the contract is<br />
several pages long, because the main goal <strong>of</strong> ISIS is to deliver the<br />
highest quality product to our community.<br />
eadisc|isis<br />
Our world is a shared space<br />
When User Acceptance Testing is complete, ISIS will begin distributing<br />
ZIMS to the wider member community, probably in late 2007. Staff<br />
members Robert Boyajian <strong>and</strong> Elisabeth Hunt are guiding a comprehensive<br />
on-line training programme created to get new users up <strong>and</strong><br />
running with ZIMS. Training sessions will also be conducted by ISIS<br />
at as many regional conferences as possible throughout the world,<br />
<strong>and</strong> ISIS will also work with institutions to provide training specifically<br />
for their staff.<br />
For conservation to be effective it must be collaborative <strong>and</strong> global;<br />
it must acknowledge that our world is a shared space. ZIMS, too, is<br />
founded on the philosophy <strong>of</strong> shared space. While sharing <strong>of</strong> scientific<br />
data as a community resource is a goal <strong>of</strong> ISIS, there are complexities<br />
<strong>and</strong> nuances involved in sharing data openly <strong>and</strong> globally. That is why,<br />
anonymous aggregate data will be used to support general queries in<br />
ZIMS, <strong>and</strong> more detailed information will be carefully controlled.<br />
ZIMS is a huge leap forward in information management for aquariums<br />
<strong>and</strong> zoos <strong>and</strong> for their conservation efforts. Among other things,<br />
ZIMS is a unified global database on animal health <strong>and</strong> well-being;<br />
the first such database ever. The 630 ISIS member institutions across<br />
the world will enter their data directly into this web-based global<br />
database. When veterinarians, curators or other pr<strong>of</strong>essionals need to<br />
know the current best-practice for an animal situation, they will be<br />
able to search the database <strong>and</strong> retrieve the information they need<br />
(with appropriate security/privacy protections) for many purposes.<br />
The ZIMS’ state-<strong>of</strong>-the-art, web-based design will revolutionise the<br />
care <strong>and</strong> management <strong>of</strong> animals in the zoo <strong>and</strong> aquarium world, <strong>and</strong><br />
ISIS predicts it will spark a surge in scientific research, some in areas<br />
none <strong>of</strong> us can predict. •<br />
Test ZIMS yourself !<br />
ISIS invites you to test ZIMS during the <strong>EAZA</strong> Annual Conference<br />
in Warsaw, 11-15 September 2007; a computer room will be<br />
available daily for people who would like to test ZIMS.<br />
Further details on location <strong>and</strong> times will be available through<br />
the final conference programme, also to be published on the<br />
‘Conference’ section <strong>of</strong> the <strong>EAZA</strong> website.<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
31
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007<br />
publications<br />
32<br />
books<br />
photo philip perry<br />
In <strong>EAZA</strong> <strong>News</strong> announcements are published <strong>of</strong> books that have relevance to zoo staff <strong>and</strong> other people with a pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
interest in zoos. On the <strong>EAZA</strong> website more information can be found on these books, as well as on the publishers.<br />
g. mason <strong>and</strong> j. rushen (2007)<br />
Stereotypic animal behaviour, 2nd edition; fundamentals <strong>and</strong> applications to welfare<br />
This book describes abnormal behaviour patterns, from the jumping <strong>of</strong> caged laboratory mice to the pacing <strong>of</strong> large cats species displayed<br />
in zoos. Including new chapters <strong>and</strong> over thirty contributors, this book focuses on the causation <strong>and</strong> treatment <strong>of</strong> these environmentinduced<br />
stereotypic behaviours, <strong>and</strong> their implications for animal welfare <strong>and</strong> normalcy <strong>of</strong> brain functioning. The book concludes by giving<br />
a new definition for 'stereotypic behaviour', <strong>and</strong> a discussion <strong>of</strong> future research directions.<br />
Pages: 336. ISBN: 9780851990040 (hb). Price: €95<br />
To be ordered from: CABI Publishing (www.cabi.org)<br />
josep del hoyo, <strong>and</strong>rew elliot <strong>and</strong> david christie (eds.; 2006)<br />
H<strong>and</strong>book <strong>of</strong> the birds <strong>of</strong> the world. Volume 11: Old World flycatchers to Old World warblers<br />
A series expected to include 16 volumes will deal with all the species <strong>of</strong> birds in the world. This eleventh volume <strong>of</strong> the h<strong>and</strong>book covers<br />
eight families in the order Passeriformes (from flycatchers to warblers). As in previous volumes the extensive information on the birds is<br />
well illustrated by colour plates, maps <strong>and</strong> photographs. An index <strong>and</strong> bibliographical references complete the text.<br />
Pages: 800. ISBN: 849655306X (hb). Price: €199<br />
To be ordered from: Lynx Edicions (www.hbw.com)<br />
a. fidgett, m. clauss, u. gansloßer, j.-m. hatt, j. nijboer (eds.; 2006)<br />
Zoo animal nutrition, volume 3<br />
This third volume continues the series <strong>of</strong> ‘Zoo animal nutrition’ books. Based on papers presented at the last two <strong>European</strong> congresses on<br />
zoo animal nutrition it covers the most recent research done in this field. Topics like primate <strong>and</strong> bird nutrition, iron storage disease, the<br />
provision <strong>of</strong> browse, <strong>and</strong> the nutrition <strong>of</strong> browsers, are covered in depth as well as many other topics relevant for the zoo animal nutritionist<br />
<strong>and</strong> everyone interested in the task <strong>of</strong> feeding captive wildlife.<br />
Pages: 414. ISBN: 3930831570 (pb). Price: €44.90<br />
To be ordered from: Fil<strong>and</strong>er Verlag (www.fil<strong>and</strong>er.de)<br />
peter taylor (2005)<br />
Beyond conservation; a wildl<strong>and</strong> strategy<br />
This book <strong>of</strong>fers a revolutionary agenda for both managing existing wildl<strong>and</strong>s in Britain <strong>and</strong> for exp<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> connecting such l<strong>and</strong>s.<br />
Central to this strategy is the imperative to 'rewild' or restore <strong>and</strong> repair damaged habitat <strong>and</strong> ecosystems, promote existing biodiversity<br />
<strong>and</strong> reintroduce vanished plant <strong>and</strong> animal species, while working to reconcile human needs <strong>and</strong> livelihoods <strong>and</strong> the needs <strong>of</strong> nature.<br />
Pages: 296. ISBN: 1844071987 (pb). Price: UK£19.99<br />
To be ordered from: Earthscan (www.earthscan.co.uk)<br />
william m. adams (2004)<br />
Against extinction; the story <strong>of</strong> conservation<br />
This book tells the history <strong>of</strong> wildlife conservation <strong>and</strong> vividly portrays conservation’s legacy <strong>of</strong> big game hunting, the battles for the<br />
establishment <strong>of</strong> national parks, the global importance <strong>of</strong> species conservation <strong>and</strong> debates over the sustainable use <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> trade in wildlife.<br />
Pages: 256. ISBN: 1844070565 / 9781844070565 (pb). Price: UK£18.99<br />
To be ordered from: Earthscan (www.earthscan.co.uk)<br />
Recently, the Sri Lanka leopard EEP husb<strong>and</strong>ry guidelines have been published. Furthermore,<br />
the <strong>EAZA</strong> Executive Office received nine studbooks in the period January - April 2007. We are very<br />
grateful to all who have contributed to these valuable publications <strong>and</strong> are happy to have received<br />
these in printed format. For a full list <strong>of</strong> received publications <strong>of</strong> interest, please refer to the <strong>EAZA</strong><br />
website (‘Magazine’ section).<br />
Please continue to send us your printed publications, so we can incorporate these in the online publications list.
personalia<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
Mr. Jochen Lengger is the new zoological director <strong>of</strong> Tierwelt<br />
Herberstein, Austria, as per 1 June 2007. He replaces Mr. Andreas<br />
Kaufmann.<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
Dr. Med. Vet. Susanne Klomburg is the new director <strong>of</strong> Zoo Osnabruck,<br />
Germany, as per 12 May 2007. She replaces Dr. Wolf Everts.<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
Mrs. Davorka Maljkovic is the new director <strong>of</strong> Zagreb Zoo, Croatia,<br />
as per 26 April 2007. She replaces Dr. Mladen Anic.<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
Dr. Christian Schmidt is no longer director <strong>of</strong> Zoo Frankfurt, Germany, as<br />
per 21 March 2007.<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
Mr. Pablo Areitio Toledo is the new director <strong>of</strong> L’Oceanogràfic, Spain,<br />
as per 12 March 2007. He replaces Mr. Juan José de Torres.<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
Mr. Alain Le Héritte is the new president <strong>of</strong> the Syndicat National<br />
des Directeurs de Parcs Zoologiques (SNDPZ), France, since<br />
January 2007. He replaces Mr. Jean-Jacques Boisard.<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
Mr. Radoslaw Ratajszczak is the new director <strong>of</strong> Wroclaw Zoo, Pol<strong>and</strong>,<br />
as per 1 January 2007. He replaces Dr. Antoni Gucwinski.<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
Dr. Dagmar Schratter is the new director <strong>of</strong> Schönbrunner Tiergarten,<br />
Austria, as per 1 January 2007. She replaces Dr. Helmut Pechlaner.<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
in memoriam<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> was sad to learn <strong>of</strong> the death <strong>of</strong> Jim Cronin, who passed away on 17<br />
March 2007. During the past twenty years, Jim Cronin established himself as<br />
an international expert in the rescue <strong>and</strong> rehabilitation <strong>of</strong> abused primates,<br />
<strong>and</strong> in the enforcement <strong>of</strong> international treaties aimed at protecting primates<br />
from illegal trade <strong>and</strong> experimentation. Jim Cronin founded Monkey World<br />
which he <strong>and</strong> his wife Alison built from a small refuge to a 65 acre wildlife<br />
park. The park is home to more than 160 rescued primates <strong>of</strong> 16 different<br />
species <strong>and</strong> is rated as one <strong>of</strong> the most popular family destinations in<br />
Engl<strong>and</strong>. The cable television channel Animal Planet has documented the<br />
frequent rescue missions <strong>and</strong> undercover investigations undertaken by<br />
Jim Cronin in Europe <strong>and</strong> Asia for the past ten years in the series Monkey<br />
Business.<br />
<strong>EAZA</strong> was also sad to learn <strong>of</strong> the death <strong>of</strong> Mike Lockyer, who passed away<br />
on 25 February 2007, aged 75. Mike Lockyer spent a lifetime working with<br />
wild animals. In the 1960s <strong>and</strong> 1970s he developed Longleat Safari Park,<br />
thus being among the pioneering animal men <strong>and</strong> women who established<br />
the world’s first ‘safari parks’ outside Africa. This concept was to change<br />
irrevocably the way animals were kept <strong>and</strong> viewed in captivity. Mike Lockyer<br />
became a well-known face on the BBC TV programme Animal Park, which<br />
was filmed at Longleat Safari Park. In 1984 he moved to John Aspinall’s<br />
Port Lympne <strong>and</strong> Howlett's Zoo parks in Kent. As zoological director he<br />
was committed to the preservation <strong>of</strong> endangered animals <strong>and</strong> promoting<br />
successful breeding programmes within the parks. He remained with the<br />
parks after the death <strong>of</strong> John Aspinall, finally retiring at the age <strong>of</strong> 73.<br />
directory updates<br />
addresses & telephon/fax number<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
The new name <strong>of</strong> Tierpark Herberstein, Austria, is<br />
Tierwelt Herberstein. The new contact details are:<br />
Steirischer L<strong>and</strong>estiergarten<br />
8223 Stubenberg am See<br />
Buchberg 50<br />
Phone: +43 3176807770<br />
Fax: +4331768077720<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
The new name <strong>of</strong> Knuthenborg Safari Park, Denmark, is<br />
Knuthenborg Park & Safari.<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
The new contact details <strong>of</strong> the Syndicat National des Directeurs<br />
de Parcs Zoologiques (SNDPZ), France, are:<br />
Mr. Emmanuel Lemonnier<br />
Spay’cific Zoo<br />
La Martinière<br />
72700 Spay<br />
Phone : +33 243213302<br />
Fax : +33 243211946<br />
——————————————————————————————————<br />
The new contact details <strong>of</strong> the Dutch Zoo Federation (NVD),<br />
the Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, are:<br />
Postbus 154<strong>58</strong><br />
1001 ml Amsterdam<br />
Phone: +31 205246080<br />
Fax: +31 205246089<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007
Mazuri <br />
Zoo Foods closer to reality<br />
The source <strong>of</strong> balanced quality diets <strong>and</strong> supplements<br />
P.O. Box 705, Witham, Essex, CM8 3AD, Engl<strong>and</strong><br />
Tel: +44 (0) 1376 511260 Fax: +44 (0) 1376 511247<br />
France: Tel: +33 (0) 1 30 10 94 94 Fax: +33 (0) 30 10 94 99<br />
Web-site: www.mazurifoods.com<br />
Agents: We have a number <strong>of</strong> agents throughout Europe – for details contact the Witham <strong>of</strong>fice.
cbsg europe<br />
a new toolbox for conservation in europe<br />
eaza news <strong>58</strong><br />
2007