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58 BIRKEl\HEaD. CHESHIRE. [ KELLY'S bb ' gardener Parkinson Reuben, frmr. BOWldary rd Sutton William, !arme:, Leaso~e' rd Knhrht' ~ Geor!!e, ~ J'o 109 • Povall AD II (Mrs.), farmer &; cow· '" ent Henr)', fions', t B1ds+~ wn l.ill IU Boundarv road EI' b th (M' ) f J,. . F d f keepo.r, ,T,""'er road lV;Ic(lx lza e ISS, armer ~ Lamb Joseph, farmer, en er arm "" JU f Povali Charles, farmer shopkeeper Lamb Thomas, armer Ow~n William, head gardener to J. W. Prest,Jn Ernest, farmer Harvry es:"} Rimmer T~?s.. farmer, Bou~dary rd FORD. Parkimon Charles,farmer, Boundary rd Rogenon "l1ham, farmer, BIdston hI (Letter's through Birkenhead.) Parkinson Peter, furmer Royden ::Mary (.Mrs.), farmer, Yew Pemberton Thomas, estate Mutch John, farmer, Bridge fnorm ba~liff to Tree farm . R. C. de Grey Yvner esq. ,& farmer, Rutter W:lliam. farmer Pemberton John, jobbing gardener Rock cottage . Sutton John (Mrs.), farmer Thomas Estber (Mrs.), farmer I~ I .R KEN 1-1 E AD. BIRKENHEAD is a seaport immediately opp.osite Liverpool, of which port it is a. dependency, and IS sep~r~ted from that city by the river ~Iersey, which ?er.e dIvIdes the cOWlties of Lancaster and Chester; It IS also a municipal and county borough, a parliamentary b?rough, an extensive market town and the head of a umon and COWlty court district, with stations on the London and North Western and Grea.t Weste·rn joint railwa.ys, and the Mersey railway, 192 miles from London, 15 from qhes.ter, 33 from Crewe, 54- from Shrewsbury, 89 from Blrmmgham and 162 from Oxford, in the Wirral division of the county of Chester, hWldred of Wirral, parish of Bi~ston, rural deanery of Birkenhead and arehdeaco~ryand dlO~ese of Chester. Few places in England have rIsen so rapI.dly, for at the beginning of the present century it contamed only a.bout 100 persons, 16 houses and the ruins of the ancient priory, but its' proximity to the greater seaport of Liverpool and the establishment here of additional docks have greatly assisted in its development. The Mersey railway, which connects the town with Liverpool by means of a. tunnel under the river, consists of a double line, 5tarting from a junction at Rock Ferry station with the London and North Western and Great "'estern joint railwayS', passing through Green Lane and the Central stations to Hamilton Square station and thence under the river, a distance of 2,100 yards, through James Street station to Bold street, which is the Liverpool terminus. The Central station, which is also the depot of the company, is provided with engine and carria~e s4eds, ga.s'Works aniP all the general accessories requiSIte for working the traffic; the rolling stock is fitted with the automatic brake and is lighted with gas. The railway is connected, at Park station, by a line from Hamilton square with the Wirral railway, 'which runs through the Docks to Bidston junction, from whence there are branch lines to lVallasey and New Brighton, and through Moreton, Meols and Hoylake to West Kirby, which is the terminus. The Korth "'estern and Great 'Western joint railway station at Woodside was erected from the plans of Mr. Robert E..Johnson, architect and engineer, and is approached by means of a tnnnel 566 yardS' in length, running under the town and joining' the railway near the Green lane, Tranmere; an extension from the junction at Green lane runs to the goods stations, Cathcart street, to the docks and warehouses, to the g'oods departments of the Great lVestprn railway at Morpeth Dock, and to the <strong>Cheshire</strong> Lines Committee's new goods station at Shore road. Street tramways were first laid down in Birkenhead, 30 Aug. 1860, by Mr. George Francis Train, who had p!eViollsly establlished them in 'Xew York; they have smce been superseded by eleotric cars, first introduced Aug. 14, 1900, which run through some of the pruncipal streets to the adjoining suburbs. Birkenhead with Claughton, Oxton, Tranmere, and part of Higher Bebington, were, in 1861, ~ormed into a parliamentary borough, returning one member, and on Aug. 13, 1877, a royal charter was granted incorporating the townships of Birkenhead, Claughton, Oxton, Tranmere and part of Higher Bebington as a municipal boroucrh, and dividing it into nine wards; the corporation consi~ts of a mayor, 16 aldermen and 42 councillors, and has a separate court of quarter sessions and a commission of the peace. Under th('. "Local Government Act 1888" (51 & 52 Viet. c. ,p), it was declared a" <strong>County</strong> B~rough" for certain purposes. In .April, r898, the ~wnships.f?rmin~ the Municipal borough were formed mto one CIVIl pa1"1sb, named Birkenheoad. The streets of the town are of good width, and having b.een built in modern times, are laid out .principally at rIght angles to each other; communication with Liver- pool is readily obtained by means of .the fer!y, to.~nd from which steamen ply every few mmutes, 10 addition to the Mersey tunnel railway already mentioned; and' many merchantS' and business men of Liverpool reside liere and in the neighbouring district; the town is lighted with gas from works in Thomas .street, and supplied with ~xcellent water from three .sets of works, the whole being the property of the corporation; these are (I) Spring Hill Waterworks, originally constructed previouS' to 1840, since which date, various additional works have been carried out. There are two wells, sunk in the New Red Sandstone rock to the depth of 160 feet, and bore holes of various depths, the lowest being 714 feet below the surface; and there is also a covered reservoir holding 800,000 gallons. The wells yield 10,500,000 gallons per week, raised by two pumping engines, each capable of delivering 90,000 gallons per hour. (2) Flaybrlck lEll Waterworks, completed in 1864. The well here, 15 by 9 feet, is sunk to a depth of 205 feet. There are also bore-holes sunk to a depth of 833 feet and 710 feet below the surface, and connected by a large heading with the w'ell, from which the water is rai·sed by two pumping engines, each ca.pable of delivering 64,000 ~allons per hour. The water tower contains a tank holdlOg 1°4,000 goallons and a covered reservoir holding 4,562,000 gallons.' (3) The Borough Road Waterworks, erected in 1861, fO'1' t.he supply of Tranmere, wag enlarged in 1871. The reservoirs and high level tanks' are about a, quarter of a mile distant from the engine house, and have a capacity of 1,599,563 gallons. Birkenheoad Docks. The Birkenhead Docks, which are partly in Birkenhead ' and partly in Poulton-cum-Seaoombe, belong to the. Mersey Docks and Harbour Board, who own all the docks in LiveJ'FOol. '.Dhe area 0.£ the dock estate at B'irkenhead is about 506 aores, of wmch the wuter area is 164 acres 4.19° yards, and the lineal measurement of quay, 9 miles 925 yards, and these docks occupy nearl! one-third of the total area of the docks under the management of the Board, and th~ line'S.! quay measUl"ement is about one quarter of the t0t'3l qu:a~ge. The fiTst Act of Parliament for docks at Birlk·emhe'UJd was obtained in July,. 1844. Morpeth and Egerton dockS' were opened in 1847.. Aft.er the constitution of the- Mersey Docks and Harbour. Board in 1857, the Birkenhead ducks were transferred by purchase to the Board, which has since developed the dock estate to meet the wants of trade. Receipts at Hirkenhead for year ending July, 1901. £ s. d. Rates on goods inwards 15,959 10 , 3 " " " out.wards 33,39° 13 3 Tonnage dues .••... .•• 44,322 I I 5 Total rates on goods and tonnage dues ...... 93,672' 14 II Total tonnage of vessels, Birkenhead 1,286,564 tons. Total rotes on goods and tonnage dues rece,ived by the ~Iersey Docks and Harbour Board, £1,190,994, Total tonnage of vessels, 12,648,539 tons. T,he number of ve,S'sels which have sailed for foreign parts and coastwise from July, 1900, to July, 1901 :-Foreign, 4,957 steam, 466 saiLing; coas'twise, 15,611 steam, 3,3°0 sailing; total nmnbe-r, 24,334. The docks here are formed on the site formerly called "Wallasey Poo!." The upper or westernmost end towards .Poulton Bridge, about three-quarters of a mile of which is called the "West Float," has '8. water area of 52 acres, 319 ya.rds and a lineal quayage of 2 miles a·nd 210 yards, and is connected with the Lower or East Float by a passage 100 feet, in width, over which is an iron swing bridge, uniting Birkenhead with Seacombe. Branching out of this float, on the south side, are two basins,
DIRECTORY.] CHESHIRE. BIRKENHEAD. 59 attached to extensive manufacturing establishments, I south of Wallasey Dock, has large areas of land for the rewith a ,!ater area of 2 acres, 2,638 y~rds and a quayage ception and slaughter of oxen, sheep and pigs, arriving of 933 lineal yards. On the same side are three large from foreign countries. The lairages hav-e a total capacity grav~g or dry dock~, two of which ar~ respectively for about 6,5°0 head of oxen and 16,000 sheep at one time. 750 and one 930 feet m length, amply furmshed with all There is ample slaughtering and refrigerating accomthe nece&sa.ry appliances for the repairs of vessell!. Coal modation, the latter being capable of dealing with 2,620 hoists, worked by hydraulic power, for rapid loading are carcases daily. placed on the margin of ,the south quay, as well as a . . L S powertful steam. crane, capable of lifting 87 tons. On the Floatmg anding tages. south quay of the West FIO'at a large area has been apJ?ro- Birkenhead (or 'Woodside) Landing Stage, to thel south priated for the petroleum trade, and extensive depots of the entrance to the l\Iorpeth Dock, is constructed on have there been ereoted, in which are iron tanks of a pontoons, rising and falling with the tide and connected c3lpllcity of Lrom 1,5°0 to 3,000 tons each, for the stora 17 e with the piers by two iron bridges and a floating roadway. of oN in bulk, which is transferred from the ships to This stage, 800 feet in length Mld 80 feet wide, was fixed them by the ships' pumps through pipes laid across the in its place in 1862, and has waiting rooms. quay. 'Wallasey Landing Stage.-This stage was built to The East Float,. which ;has a water area of 59 acres, take th~ place of that formerly in the Low 'Water Basin; 3,786 yards, 'and a quayage of I mile and 1,673 yards, it is moored on t·he river between th81 l\Iorpeth and is connected with the system of docks at its east end Wallasey Docks- and abreast of the goods stations o~ the by five passages, one of which is 100 feet wide. Coal Great Western and London and North Western Railwa,y tips, .worked by hydraulic power fur the shipment of Oompanies, and is 600 feet in length by 70 feet in width, coal into flats are provided at the Vittol'iu wharf, on with three bridges. on the 60uth ·side of this dock, and on the same side is The ecclesiastical buildings of Birkenhead are aU of a small basin used by the railway companies, three large modern date, with the exception of an old chapel dedicated stacks of warehouses for. general merchandise, and to St. James, now known as the" Abbey Chapel," which capacious closed sheds for the protection of goods; on belongs probably to the 13th century. the north side is a large 'block of warehouses, erected St. Mary's church, in Ohurch street, near the ruins in 1869 for the corn trade, and fitted with hydraulic of the Priory and built in 1821, is an edifice of red sand.. machinery; west of these is another block of warehouses, stone, in the Decorated style, consisting of chancel, nave, flanked on the quayside by sheds for general merchandise. transepts, north ,porch and an embattled western tower Adjace~t to these ware~ouses, and connected to them by with crocketed pinnacles and a spire 130 feet in height ~nveY'm~ bands for gmlD, are several flour mills belong- and containing a clock and 6 bells: in the' north transept ID~ to prJ.ate owners, and capable of producing inmlf'nSe is a mural monument of marble, with arms and bust, quantities of flour. At the south-east side of the Duke to the Rev. Andrew Knox B.A. 53 years vicar of the S~reet Bri~e ~s a coaling jetty, 250 feet long, pTQ.vided parish, d. 1881, and to his wife Katharine, d. 1868: the WIth eleotrlc lIght and four hydraul,ic cranes. A com- church nffords 1,000 sittings: the churchyard includes plete syS'tem of ooilways encompasses the float, and on. the ancient burinl ground of the Priory; the grave-slab the south-east is a passage leading into of 'i'homas Rayneford, one of the priors of Birkenhead, c. Egerton Dock.-This dock has a water area of 4 acres, 1356, discovered in 1818, has been placed in the wall near 469 yards and, 'a. quayage of 704 lineal yardS, and is the door o~ the Old Chapter House. The register dates appropriated to the general trade of the port. At its from the year 1718. The living is a vicatI'age, net y~arly east 'end isa passa,ge to value £450 , with residence, in the gift of Simeon's trus- Morpeth Dock.-This dock has a water area of II tees, and' held since 1896 by the Rev. Joshua Hughes acres, 2,404 yards and a quayage of 1,299 lineal yards, Wynn HUg'hes-Games M.A. of Trinity Oollege and Ridley and is similarly appropriated; at the east end of the Hall, Cambridge. dock i,s' ,an entrance direct from the river, 85 feet wide, Holy Trinity parish was formed in 18.p. The church, in the form of Q lock, and used both for entrance or in Price street, built 1837, is an edifice of white stone, exit at various times of the tide; at the south-eastern in a modern imitation of the Norman style, cOl!sisting of a.ngle of the dock a passage 85 fee·t wide leads to the chancel, nave of iSix bays, aisles and a tower at the Morpeth Branch Dock, and at the north-east angle is south-west end 88 feetJ in height and containing a clock a passage 25 feet in width leading to the Railway Com- and 2 bells: the east window is stained: there are 700 panie,s' Basin, which has a water area of 3,144 yards and sittings. The register date~ from the year 1837. The a lineal quayage of 319 yards. living is a perpetual curacy, net yearly valuel £250, and , Morpeth Branch Dock.-This dock, formerly occupied held since 1897 by the Rev. Albert Spafford M.A. of by the Morpeth Ba.sin, is connected with the Morpeth Trinity College, Oclmbridge. . Dock by means of a passage at its south-western ex- St. Matthew's, in Park road east, erected In 1889 as a. tremity 85 feet in width; it contains a water area of chapel of eas'e to Holy Trinity, is a structure of brick, 4 acres, 243 yards and a lineal quayage of 637 yards. consisting of chancel, nave, north and south porches and Walla'sey Dock.-This dock is formed on the site of an eastern turre~containingone bell: in 1893 the whole the Low 'Water Basin, and contains, a water area of 12 was renovated, an organ chamber built, and an organ acres, 3,813 ya.rds and a lineal quayage of 1,261 yard,s-. erected; there are sittings for 500 persons. Near the entrance leading to the East Float from this St. Anne's parish was formed in 1850: the church, in dock is an extensive building with a tower upwards o~ Beckwith street, built in 1850, at a cost of £5,55°, is an 200 feet in height, containing the installation of engines edifice o~ red sandstone, in the Geometric style. from and hydraulic pumps, from which the power for the designs by the late l\Ir. "\Vm. Cole, architect, of Birkenmachinery for opening and closing the gates, bridges and head, and consists of chanceJ, nave, aisles, transepts and sluices &c. is obtained. a western tower with pinnacles and ,spire containing Alfred Dock.-This dock, the most northerly of those one bell: a vestry was built in 1~.g8: in 1890 a handsome adjoining the river, serves as the principal approach for reredos was erected as Q memorial to 1\11'. 'Ym. Bind, Rnd ships entering or leaving the Birkenhead docks generally. in 1892 the chance~ was enlarged and a stained east These docks are worked on an artJificial system by which, window presented by Mr. Joseph Heap and family, as a during low neap tides, the water is! impounded so as to Il1emorial to his father: there are 70S sittings, 285 being give a depth of water sufficient to float vessels of the free. The register of marriages, dates from 1862 and deepest· draught. Any 10&8' of water is made good from of baptisms from 1850. The living is a vicarage, net the river i])y a powerful set of pumps at ,the east end yearly value £320, with residence, in the gift of the of the Wallasey Dock. Under this system, Alfred Dock Bishop of Chester, and held since 1876 by the Rev. serves as a lock, one O!f its sills, which is laid at the low Andrew Knox M.A., LL.D. of Trin1ity College, Dublin, level of 18 feet below Old Dock Sill, admitting of vessels D.C.L. of Durham, hon. canon of Ohester, and surrogate. passing to and from the river on all tides, its outer gates The :Mission church, in Brassey st.rept. built in 1892, only being opened to the river at high wat~r time, and affords 250 sittings. afterw!1rds'it is levelled up to the Great Float. It has St. James's pari~h was formed in 1869: the church, in a water are-:1 of 8 acres 3,2]'6 yards and a quaY'8ge of I Laird street, built and endowed by Messrs. W. Potter, "'. mile 677 yards. Its entrances from the river are three in Jackson and 1\1. and P. Laird, is an edifice of stone, in the number, 100, 49 f~t 8 inches and 30 feet in width res- Early English style, and consists of chancel, clerestoried pectively, and the pass31ges hetween it and the Great nave of four baJ"s. aisles, transepts, south porch, yestries Float a're of similar widths. There are nineteen pairs of and a tower at the north-west angle, with spire, together ~ock gates connected with thi~ dIOck: the passages at 130 feet in height and containing one bell: the east window the west end are crossed by iron swing bridges, opened i~ stained: the church affords 720 sittings. The register and close-d by hydraulic power. dates' from the year 1865. The living is a vicarage, net Birkenhead Foreign Animals' Wharf, in the vicinity of yearly value £200, with residence, in the gift of trustees, the ri.er front, south of Morpeth Dock, and north and I and held since 1899 by the Rev. John Robert Guy.
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