2008 Statewide Strategic Plan for Eurasian Watermilfoil in Idaho

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Option How it Works Pros Cons Suitable Areas for use in Idaho 4.Physical Native vegetation Planting a diverse native plant community to compete with EWM Native plants provide food and habitat for native fauna Initial transplanting slow and labor intensive Relatively small areas. None are eligible for state funding. Supplements other techniques EWM may outcompete plantings Largely experimental: few well-documented cases and it is questionable if native plants significantly reduce the invasive potential of Eurasian watermilfoil Effectiveness questionable Plantings from non-local sources may genetically swamp local populations 5. Manual and Mechanical control Plants reduced by mechanical means Flexible Control Must be repeated, often more than once per season Can balance habitat and recreational needs Can suspend sediments, increase turbidity and nutrient release Hand pulling SCUBA divers and snorkelers remove plants by hand or plants are removed by a rake Little or no damage done to native plant species Very labor intensive Shallow, small area. Sensitive areas Works best in soft sediments Can be effective, particularly in early phases of infestation Roots, runners and fragments will start new plants, so care must be taken to ensure complete removal May be suitable in areas where other methods are not effective or practical Can be done by shoreline property owners Small scale control only Highly selective Sediment disturbance Harvesting Plants are "mowed" at depths of 2-5 feet, collected with a conveyor, off-loaded onto shore Harvested lanes through dense beds can increase growth and survival of some fish Not selective – removes non-target plants and animals Larger lakes (100+ acres), rivers with widespread, well-established EWM. Requires machinery launch sites and disposal off-loading sites 77
Option How it Works Pros Cons Suitable Areas for use in Idaho 5.Manual and Mechanical Harvesting EWM cut before it is allowed to autofragment Cannot access shallow areas along shores, around trees, pilings, etc. Immediate results Fragments can re-root Creates open areas rapidly Root systems remain for regrowth Does not meet criteria for state funding under legislative language or Idaho Weed Law (22-2401-13) 6. Chemical Control Diver dredging Rotovation Vacuum lift used to remove plant stems, leaves and roots Sediment tilled to uproot plant roots and stems 2, 4-D Systemic herbicide selective to broadleaf plants that inhibits cell division Applied as liquid or granular form for EWM during early growth phase Can be used near and around obstacles such as piers and marinas where a harvester cannot work Direct removal of plants, no floating fragments Not considered a long term control strategy Small scale only Unskilled divers can create fragments Increased turbidity Moderately selective Expensive Disrupts EWM stem bases Can be used in synergy with endothall for early season treatments Monocots such as pondweeds and other natives not affected Slow and labor intensive May spread large numbers of fragments Creates turbidity Native fauna killed, disturbed May cause oxygen depletion after plants die in large, heavily infested areas Imposed water use restrictions on drinking, irrigation, livestock watering and recreation Useful in early, smaller populations where plant density is moderate. Can be used as a follow-up treatment after herbicides. Larger lakes and rivers with widespread, well-established EWM populations. Used extensively in PNW and BC with mixed results Lakes or ponds partially infested, such as areas where EWM has just invaded but where the extent of the infestation is beyond hand pulling or botton screening. Effective for spot treatments. Fast acting, only requires 48-hour contact time so can be used in areas where water is flowing 78
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2008 STATEWIDE STRATEGIC PLAN FOR E
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A Statewide Strategic Plan for Eura
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I. Introduction In April 2006 the I
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V. Idaho Eurasian Watermilfoil Peer
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and contractor oversight to effecti
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Figure 3. Eurasian watermilfoil sur
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• Task 3: Establish appropriate m
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appear first. Eastern Idaho should
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B. Description A number of milfoil
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and boating activities, with each f
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the state. The highest priority wee
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and provides assistance to cooperat
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the boat with a GPS to the predeter
Page 27 and 28: IX. Eurasian Watermilfoil Managemen
Page 29 and 30: Bottom barriers are appropriate in
Page 31 and 32: emaining root masses. Duration of c
Page 33 and 34: Search for a classical biological c
Page 35 and 36: sources of dilution need to be inve
Page 37 and 38: 3. Fluridone Fluridone (Trade names
Page 39 and 40: X. Current Eurasian Watermilfoil Ma
Page 41 and 42: 2007 Total project cost: $19,400 IS
Page 43 and 44: 2007 Total project cost: $82,660 IS
Page 45 and 46: C. Effect of sediment on efficacy o
Page 47 and 48: scientists and weevils could easily
Page 49 and 50: Surveys for pathogens were restrict
Page 51 and 52: Creed Jr., R.P. and S.P. Sheldon. 1
Page 53 and 54: Komarov, V.L. 1929. Flora poluostro
Page 55 and 56: Moody, M.L., Les, D.H. in Press. Di
Page 57 and 58: Westerdahl, H.E. and K.D. Getsinger
Page 59 and 60: as transparent and publicly availab
Page 61 and 62: to amend if they require legal revi
Page 63 and 64: Recommendation 2.3: Program intent
Page 65 and 66: Excessive uncontrolled growth of aq
Page 67 and 68: species or the reduction of their p
Page 69 and 70: Some or many of these techniques ar
Page 71 and 72: ISDA Response: Given that ISDA does
Page 73 and 74: expertise found in warmer climates.
Page 75 and 76: umors and public fear of management
Page 77: Option How it Works Pros Cons Suita
Page 81 and 82: Option How it Works Pros Cons Suita
Page 83 and 84: Costs include estimated raw materia
Page 85: Office Visits Quantity What is the
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2008 Statewide Strategic Plan for Eurasian Watermilfoil in Idaho

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