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seeking help with other services. Ultimately, a<br />

culture should be created in which individual<br />

wellbeing is a service system responsibility,<br />

borne by each service individually and<br />

collectively.<br />

11. Community organisations review<br />

internal structures to ensure that they<br />

are supportive <strong>of</strong> collaboration<br />

Research indicates that effective cooperation<br />

requires organisations to have compatible<br />

internal structures that are conducive to<br />

collaboration. This might be characterised by<br />

‘effective internal communication, effective<br />

internal teamwork, understanding <strong>of</strong> and<br />

capacity to provide quality services, and an<br />

organisational culture that values learning.’ 101<br />

We recommend that community sector services<br />

review their organisational structures by<br />

reference to these criteria as a pre-requisite to<br />

entering collaborative relationships.<br />

12. Develop and facilitate an integrated<br />

dual diagnosis strategy<br />

All organisations consulted during this project<br />

indicated that dual diagnosis, or co-morbid<br />

clients comprised a significant area <strong>of</strong> unmet<br />

need in the existing service system. Suggested<br />

responses to this need varied, from the need<br />

for a designated dual diagnosis facility 102 , to<br />

a dual diagnosis step-up/ step-down facility<br />

accompanied by an outreach team to a systemic<br />

reform and integration <strong>of</strong> the mental health and<br />

AOD service systems. Given the significance <strong>of</strong><br />

the dual-diagnosis client group as proportion <strong>of</strong><br />

mental health and AOD service users, anything<br />

short <strong>of</strong> service integration seems like a bandaid<br />

solution, failing to address systemic and<br />

causal factors by maintaining service system<br />

segregation.<br />

An integrated dual-diagnosis system might be<br />

developed in a number <strong>of</strong> ways. Firstly, through<br />

the creation and improvement <strong>of</strong> referral and<br />

information-sharing protocols between the<br />

two sub-sectors. Secondly, through the crossdisciplinary<br />

training <strong>of</strong> staff in both sectors.<br />

Thirdly, detailed protocols should be developed<br />

outlining the care and treatment process for<br />

different kinds <strong>of</strong> dual-diagnosis clients to take<br />

into account the varying levels <strong>of</strong> severity <strong>of</strong><br />

each condition. 103 There are a number <strong>of</strong> case<br />

studies from other service systems <strong>of</strong> both<br />

designated dual-diagnosis facilities and service<br />

integration which should be considered in the<br />

development <strong>of</strong> an integrated dual-diagnosis<br />

strategy. 104<br />

Consultation participants raised concerns<br />

about the capacity <strong>of</strong> staff in non-mental<br />

health services to deal with clients experiencing<br />

mental health and dual-diagnosis issues. In<br />

response to this concern, we recommend the<br />

development <strong>of</strong> clear mental health and dualdiagnosis<br />

policies by each service provider from<br />

across the service system (for example, alcohol<br />

and drug services, accommodation services,<br />

community legal services, primary health care<br />

services, recreational facilities etc). This would<br />

better prepare staff in such services to respond<br />

appropriately to mental health consumers<br />

and dual-diagnosis clients and improve<br />

consistency in treatment and service delivery.<br />

This should also include referral guidelines and<br />

therefore contribute to the development and<br />

strengthening <strong>of</strong> community sector service<br />

networks.<br />

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />

101 Dr Rae Walker, Collaboration and Alliances: A Review for Vichealth, September 2000, published by Victorian Health Promotion Foundation at 19.<br />

102 This view was expressed during the Mental Health <strong>Service</strong> Review, in the <strong>ACT</strong> Mental Health Plan, Draft Summary Report <strong>of</strong> working groups, 16 October, 2006, but<br />

was also suggested in a number <strong>of</strong> <strong>ACT</strong>COSS consultations with community sector organisations.<br />

103 This might adopt a four quadrant model for categorising co-occurring disorders, such as that developed by the U.S. National Association <strong>of</strong> State Alcohol and Drug<br />

Abuse Directors (NASMHPD) and the National Association <strong>of</strong> State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors (NASADAD) Joint Task Force.<br />

104 See, for example, Odyssey House Auckland – Dual Diagnosis Program and Family Program, discussed in Lynne Major-Blatch & Kim Fleming, Alcohol and<br />

Drug Foundation <strong>ACT</strong>, Report to Alcohol Education & Rehabilitation Foundation: Attendance and presentation <strong>of</strong> papers at: World Federation <strong>of</strong> Therapeutic<br />

Communities Conference, New York, USA; Australian Psychological Society Conference, Auckland, New Zealand and Pr<strong>of</strong>essional training and development: United<br />

Kingdom, United States and New Zealand August-September 2006 at 38. For more information, see the Odyssey House website, at http://www.odyssey.org.nz/.<br />

37 Towards an integrated mental health service system in the <strong>ACT</strong>•June 2007 NO WRONG DOORS

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