Brošura u pdf. formatu - PALGO centar

prihvata dužnosti od kojih je najvažnije rađanje, ali i dobro
vođenje domaćinstva, pokornost, poslušnost, dokazivanje
– sve su to vrline koje se očekuju od mlade od vremena kad se
uda pa sve dok sama ne postane svekrva, pa i dalje – to vreme
dokazivanja raznih vrlina ustvari ne prestaje. Bez obzira što će
rađanje biti mnogobrojno i često ne planirano od nje same, što
će je u određenom, na primer zdravstvenom smislu, naročito
opteretiti, Romkinja se neće pobuniti, naročito ne javno, kao
što se to može sresti kod većine drugih etničkih zajednica.
Ako je njen život ispunjen samo rađanjem dece i vođenjem
domaćinstva, ona će decu voleti, a hranioca dece poštovati.
Poštovanje muža, pokornost i neprikosnovenost njegovog
autoriteta izraz je zahvalnosti za obezbeđenu egzistenciju deci.
Zdravlje mladih
Tradicija i vaspitanje ovde igraju vrlo važnu ulogu.
Istraživanje koje je RŽC BIBIJA vodila a ticalo se pitanja
kulta nevinosti u romskoj porodici, pokazuje visok procenat
roditelja, pre svega očeva, koji očekuju, zahtevaju od svojih
kćerki da budu nevine kad se budu udavale. Ovo je jedan od
razloga tako rane udaje koja definitivno utiče na zdravlje mladih
devojaka. Još jedan od razloga rane udaje jeste činjenica da ta
devojka postaje besplatna radna snaga u svojoj novoj porodici.
I pored toga što je i u svojoj primarnoj porodici radila mnogo, u
muževljevoj se mora i dokazati i svakako raditi još teže poslove
što opet loše utiče na zdravlje ove devojke, ponekad ustvari još
devojčice.
Uslovi života
Sledeći problem, iako po važnosti verovatno treba da je
na prvom mestu, su teški uslovi u kojima živi a koji svakako
ostavljaju dubok trag na život Romkinje. Svi smo, makar jednom,
prošli pored nekog romskog naselja i na prvi pogled videli da
ono nema struju, vodu, kanalizaciju, grejanje. Domaćinstvo se
vodi na šporetu na čvrsta goriva, što podrazumeva sakupljanje
i cepanje drva i slično, a to je gotovo redovno posao domaćice.
U naselju Deponije, koje je praktično u centru Beograda, ne
postoji voda u kući, već žene uzimaju vodu iz ogromne cevi
koja je pukla i iz koje neprestano otiče voda koja je usred
naselja stvorila udubljenje u kome se zadržava. Ovde se pere
veš, tepisi, uzima voda za domaćinstvo leti i zimi. I na plus 40
i na minus 20 možete videti žene koje peru do kolena u hladnoj
vodi, bose, jer nemaju drugog izbora. Konkretno, u Deponiji, od
146 porodica, ne postoji ni jedna žena koja nije imala ozbiljnijih
ginekoloških problema, od redovnih upala jajnika i bešike, do
ozbiljnijih bolesti. Zanimljivo je pomenuti da se upravo u ovom
naselju dogodilo nekoliko nemilih događaja, kao što su smrti
beba bez objašnjenja, iako su vođena kod lekara. Pomenuću
rasprostranjeni stereotip da žene iz romske zajednice rađaju
mnogo dece, što je svakako tačno. Međutim, Deponija je naselje
u kome je zabeležen i znatan broj žena nerotkinja i onih koje su
imale problema u trudnoći, prilikom začeća. Ovo se lako može
povezati sa teškim uslovima u kojima žive, a koji definitivno
ugrožavaju žensko zdravlje.
Bolesno zdravlje
Fenomen «bolesnog zdravlja« žena čest je kod Romkinja.
Razlozi su mnogobrojni: nedostatak vremena, novca,
tradicionalan stav da žena mora da je uvek na nogama, da je
sramota ići kod lekara. Naravno, da su nedostatak potrebne
dokumentacije i ponekad diskriminatorni stav zdravstvenih
radnika, prva i glavna prepreka. Nažalost, sve pomenute
činjenice često se »čitaju« kao nebriga za sopstveno zdravlje,
niska svest o važnosti zdravlja i sl. Razbijanje ove predrasude
ili mišljenja je moja misija. Sve što naizgled liči na nebrigu i
nedostatak svesti, ustvari je naučena uloga žene koja se žrtvuje
of the fact that births will be numerous and frequently without
her own planning, thus resulting in various, for example health
burdens, a Roma woman will not rebel, especially not publicly,
as would be the case in most other ethnic groups. If her life is
filled only with bearing children and managing the household,
she wil love the chidren, and respect the breadwinner. Respect
for the husband, obedience, and his unquestionable authority are
an expression of gratitide for providing the means of existance
for the children.
The health of young people
Tradition and upbringing play a very important role. Research
done by Roma Women’s Center BIBIJA pertaining to the cilt of
virginity in the Roma family, has indicated a high percentage
of parents, primarily fathers, who expect, rather demand, from
their daughters to marry as virgins. This is one of the reasons for
early marriage, which definitely influence the health of young
girls. Another reason for early marriage is the fact that the girl
becomes a source of free labor for her new family. Even though
she worked very hard in her primary family, in her husband’s
family she must additionaly prove herself, and must take on
even harder tasks, which again influences the health of the
young woman, in some cases in fact still a young girl.
Living conditions
The next problem, which should probably be placed first for
its importance, are the difficult living conditions, which leave
their mark on the life of the Roma woman. We have all, at one
time or another, passed by a Roma settlement, and seen that
there is no electricity, no running water, no sewerage, or heating.
The household relies on a stove burning solid fuel, which
means gathering and preparing wood, etc., which is almost
always the task of the housewife. In the settlement “Deponija”,
virtually in the center of Belgrade, there is no water in houses,
so women take water from a huge pipe, which has cracked and
is constantly letting out water that has formed a recess in the
middle of the settlement and remains there. This is used to
wash laundry and carpets, and to take water for the household,
both in summer and in winter. At +40 o C, as well as at -20 o C,
women can be seen doing the laundry, knee deep in water and
barefoot, because thay have no other choice. More precisely, in
the “Deponija” settlement, there are 146 families, but there is not
a singe woman who has not had serious gynecological problems,
from regular inflammations of ovaries and the bladder, to very
serious diseases. It is interesting to mention that it was in this
settlement that several unpleasant instances have ocurred, such
as unexplained deaths among infants who had been taken to
doctors. I will mention the general sterotype that Roma women
bear many children, which is no doubt true. However, the
“Deponija” settlement is also a place with a significant number
of infertile women, and women who experienced problems
during pregnancy, or to concieve. This can easily be linked to
diffucult living conditions, which definitelly threaten the health
of women.
Ill health
The phenomenon of “ill health” is frequent in Roma women.
Reasons are numerous: lack of time and money, the traditional
view that a woman must be up and about at all times, that it
is a disgrace to visit a doctor. Naturally, the lack of required
documents, and sometimes the discriminatory attitide of health
care staff, are the first and the main obstacle. Unfortunately, all
mentioned facts are often “interpreted” as lack of care for own
health, as a low level of awareness of the importance of health,
etc. My mission is to shatter this prejudice or opinion. All that
resembles lack of care or lack of awareness, is in fact the learned
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