Brošura u pdf. formatu - PALGO centar

za porodicu, koja je stub i oslonac svima, jedan model ponašanja
izrastao na osnovama patrijarhalnog društva, a koji nije nepoznat
na ovim prostorima. U čemu se ogleda bolesno zdravlje
Romkinja: u svakodnevnim rečima »nije mi ništa«, »samo mala
prehlada«, »proći će«, »lekari ionako ništa ne znaju«, »biće mi
bolje«. Rezultat ovoga su hronične upale pluća koje su nastale iz
nepreležanih prehlada, hronične upale jajnika, pojačane migrene
– i sve to ove žene leče na nogama.
Zdravstvene posledice nasilja
Nasilje u porodici je tek od nedavno postalo predmet
krivičnog zakona sa dosta neujednačenom praksom za sada.
Iako prestaje da bude zabranjena tema ili nešto što se događa
nekom drugom a ne nama, reakcije institucija, ali i okoline
na nasilje nanesu više štete nego koristi. Pokrenuti krivični
postupci dugo traju, stambena i ekonomska zavisnost žena od
nasilnika, nepostojanje sigurne kuće koja ima dovoljno mesta za
majke i decu samo su neki od delova opšte ženske priče kad je
reč o nasilju. Zapažanja aktivistkinja RŽC BIBIJA govore da je
svaka DRUGA Romkinja pretrpela neki oblik nasilja u porodici,
da tek 2% Romkinja prijavi slučaj nasilja policiji, a da policija
reaguje na svaki PETI poziv iz romskog naselja.
Diskriminacija
Ovaj široki pojam
obuhvata zdravstveni
sektor u dva smera:
direktni i indirektni.
Direktna diskriminacija
ispoljava se u situaciji
kada zdravstveni radnik
odbija da pruži pomoć
Romu. Ovde ubrajamo
i verbalno nasilje,
degradirajući tretman,
odvajanje od drugih
pacijenata. Ne postoje
relevantni podaci kojima bi mogla da se izmeri zastupljenost
ove pojave. Rad na terenu RŽC “BIBIJI” doneo je ove podatke:
od 40 romskih naselja u Beogradu u kojima smo radile najmanje
65% Romkinja izjavilo je da se susreće da diskriminatornim
tretmanom od strane zdravstvenih radnika. Prenebregavanje
specifičnih potreba romskog stanovništva, nedostatak
informacija na njihovom jeziku, nepoznavanje državnih
institucija generalno, a zdravstvenih posebno, nedostatak kadra
dovoljno senzitivnog na romsku kulturu i verovanja, nedostatak
zdravstvenih radnika romskog porekla - su sve vidovi i razlozi
indirektne diskriminacije.
Za kraj o zdravlju
Na kraju potrebno je istaći i moguća rešenja ovog krajnje
nezavidnog položaja koji ima tendenciju pogoršavanja. Pre
svega, treba stvoriti čvrste mehanizme koji će omogućiti lakšu
dostupnost primarne zdravstvene zaštite i specijalističkih službi,
zatim važna je primena postojećih zakona i/ili njihova dopuna,
kao i podizanje dostupnosti informacija od značaja za zdravlje na
daleko viši nivo od trenutnog. Uspostavljanje uloge medijatorke
– kao spone između romske zajednice i zdravstvene institucije,
predstavlja takođe mogućnost prevazilaženja vekovnog jaza
koji je stvoren između ove dve strane. I na kraju, jedna od vidnih
potreba svih zainteresovanih strana je ustanovljenje validne baze
podataka o ženskom zdravlju koja bi doprinela potpunijoj slici
o zdravstvenom stanju žena iz marginalizovane populacije, ali i
bila dobar temelj za građenje jedne sveobuhvatne strategije za
konačnu eliminaciju ovakvog stanja. ■
role of the woman, who sacrifices herself for the family, who
is a pillar of support for all, as a model of behavior rooted in a
patriarchal society, and by no means new in this region. What
are the indicators of ill health in Roma women? They are in
daily statements such as: “I am all right”, “it’ just a mild cold”,
“it’ll pass”, “doctors are ignorant anyway”, “I will feel better”.
Results of all this are chronic lung inflammations resulting
from untreated colds, chronic inflammations of ovaries, strong
migranes – all of which these women take on their feet.
Health consequences of violence
Family violence has only recently become subject to
penal legislation, accompanied by a rather varying approach
in practice to date. Although it is no longer a taboo topic, or
something that happens to others, never to us, the reactions of
institutions, but also of the milleu to violence bring more harm
than good. Initiated criminal proceedings take a long time, and
the housing and economic dependence of women on the violator,
the nonexistance of a safe house which would have sufficient
space for mothers and children, are only parts of the universal
tale about women and violence. Activists of Roma Women’s
Center BIBIJA have noted that ONE OUT OF TWO Roma
women have suffered some form of family violence, that only
2% of Roma women report cases of violence to
the police, and that the police reacts only to ONE
FIFTH of calls from Roma settlements.
Discrimination
This broad concept encopasses the health
care sector from two aspects: direct and indirect.
Direct discrimination is expressed in a situation
when a health care worker denies assistance to
a Roma. This also encompasses verbal violence,
degrading treatment, segregation from other
patients. There are no relevant data that would
permit measuring the level of this phenomenon.
Field work by Roma Women’s Center BIBIJA
rendered following data: in the 40 Roma settlements in Belgrade
in which we worked, at least 65% Roma women stated that they
are faced with discriminatory tretment by health care workers.
The oversight of specific needs of the Roma population, the
lack of information in their language, the lack of knowledge
about state institutions in general, and health care institutions
speciafically, the lack of staff sufficiently sensitive to Roma
culture and beliefs, the lack of health care workers who are Roma
– all represent types of and reasons for indirect discrimination.
In conclusion – about health
In conclusion, one must indicate also the potential solutions
for this extremely unfavorable position with a worsening trend.
First of all, strong mechanisms need to be created that will
enable easier access to primary healthcare and to specialist
services. The implementation of existing laws and/or their
supplementation is also required, as well as raising the level
of access to information important for health to a much higher
level than it is presently. The establishing of the role of a female
mediator – as a link between the Roma community and the
health care institution, also represents a possibility to overcome
the centuries long gap between the two sides. And finally, one of
the visible requirements of all interested parties is to establish a
valid database on women’s health, which would contribute to a
more complete picture about the health of women belonging to
a marginalized population, but would also form a good basis for
creating a comprehensive strategy for the final elimination of
this state of affairs. ■
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