BLiterature-Apratim

More documents

Recommendations

Info

16 Modernism, the general trend of the age, is the combined name of several artmovements including symbolism, impressionism, expressionism, futurism, cubism, surrealism, existentialism etc. Those movements actually started their journey in the West speeding up after the First World War. The political philosopher Karl Marx (1818-’83) and psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) influenced most of the intellectuals since that time. Marx spoke for establishing a classless society through the abolition of private property. And Freud dealt with man’s unconscious behaviors in his psychoanalytical writings. Bearing their influence, the Modernist writers opened a new artistic and philosophical world expressing the crises of modern man. Jibanananda Das (1899-1954) is the true icon of the age and greatest Modernist poet. Called the ‘Nilkantha of endangered humanity’, he invented a new diction of Bangla poetry and achieved the glory of the greatest poet after Tagore. The age itself was initiated in the year 1936 with his book of poems titled Dhushar Pandulipi. Beside this work, his Banalata Sen (1942), Mahaprithibi (1944), Sathti Tarar Timir (1948), Rupashi Bangla (1957), Bela Abela Kalbela (1961) are valuable contributions to modern poetry. Amiya Chakraborty (1901-’86), Sudhindranath Datta (1901-’60), Manish Ghatak (1902-’79), Ajit Datta (1907-’79), Buddhadev Basu (1908-’74), Bishnu Dey (1909-’82), Arun Mitra (1909-2000), Bimalchandra Ghosh (1910-’82), Dinesh Das (1913-’85), Samar Sen (1916-’87), Ahsan Habib (1917-’85), Subhash Mukhopadhyay (1919-2004), Birendra Chattopadhyay (1920-’85), Sukanta Vattacharya (1926-’47) – all of them have enriched the world of Bangla poetry. Sudhindranath is famed especially for his choice of high-sounding words; he was influenced by Tagore’s diction. Bishnu is our greatest Marxist poet. Amiya and Buddhadev too have made signs of their merit. Manik Bandyopadhyay (1908-’56) is the most successful representative of Marxism in Bangla fiction. Manik’s Putul Nacher Itikatha (1936), Padma Nadir Majhi (1936) and Ahimsa (1941) are class works; his social and psychological revelation takes him to an amazing height. Jagadishchandra Gupta (1886-1957), Shailajananda Mukhopadhyay (1901- ’76), Premendra Mitra (1904-’88), Gajendrakumar Mitra (1908-’94), Subodh Ghosh (1909-’80), Jyotirindra Nundi (1912-’82), Adwaita Mallabarman (1914-’51), Narayan Gangopadhyay (1917-’70), Narendranath Mitra (1916-’75), Narayan Gangopadhyay (1918-’70), Santoshkumar Ghosh (1920-’85), Samaresh Basu (1924-’88) are other Marxist fiction-writers. The great leader and political moralist Mahatma Gandhi’s (1869-1948) influence is evident on many Bengali writers. His doctrines of Ahimsa and Satyagraha showed us and many other colonized nations a peaceful way of achieving freedom. Mahatma had exerted influence on the Bengali writers since the very Tagore’s age. But in the High Modern era, his impact found an intense shape. Among the Gandhian novelists, Tarashankar Bandyopadhyay (1898-1971) occupies a place in the front line. In his novels, there is a depth of social and psychological consciousness and also touchy poetic expressions. He masterly portrayed the transition of Bengali society from the feudalistic to a capitalistic one. His Jalsha-Ghar (1938), Dhatri-Devata (1939), Kalindi (1940), Gana-Devata (1942),
17 Panchagram (1943), Hashuli Banker Upakatha (1947), Arogyoniketan (1953) are eternal assets of Bangla fiction. Satinath Bhaduri (1906-’65), Bonoful (1899-1979, pseudonym of Balaichand Mukhopadhyay) and Annadashankar Roy (1904-2002) are other famed Gandhian writers. The first one’s Jagari (1946) and Dhorai-Charit-Manas (1949, ’51) are widely appreciated political novels. Also the poets and playwrights of the period were inspired by Mahatma’s humanistic principles. Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay (1894-1950), Jarashanda (1902-’81) and Ashapurna Devi (1909-’95) are other great fictionists from that era. Bibhutibhushan’s Pather Panchali (1929) and Aranyak (1938) are remarkable novels. This age also saw a significant turn in drama. Jogesh Chowdhury (1889- 1948), Sachin Sengupta (1892-1961), Tulshi Lahiri (1897-1959), Manmath Roy (1899-1988), Bonoful, Pramathnath Bishi (1901-’85), Manoj Basu (1901-’87), Bidhayak Vattacharya (1907-’86), Digindrachandra Bandyopadhyay (1908-’91), Buddhadev Basu, Mahendra Gupta (1910-’84), Bijan Vattacharya (1915-’78) were the notable dramatists. Some of them upheld contemporary socio-political crises and struggles in their dramatic works. They had more or less Marxist outlook. Syed Mujtaba Ali (1904-’74) and Jajabar (b. 1909) are famous for their humorous works (‘Ramya Rachana’) of varied tastes. Muhammad Shahidullah (1885-1969), Sunitikumar Chattopadhyay (1890- 1977), Kazi Abdul Odud (1894-1970), Niradchandra Chaudhuri (1897-1999), Sukumar Sen (1900-’92), Sudhindranath Datta, Gopal Halder (1902-’93), Niharranjan Roy (1905-’81), Humayun Kabir (1906-’69), Abu Sayeed Ayyub (1906- ’82), Buddhadev Basu, Shashibhushan Dasgupta (1911-’64), Deviprasad Chattopadhyay (1918-’93), Ranajit Guha (b. 1923) have added class works to essay literature. They have written on different subjects – linguistics, history, literary criticism etc. The Liberation (1960-’90) India achieved its freedom in 1947 but unfortunately it was partitioned into two sovereign nations based on the communal leader Jinnah’s two-nation theory. Bengal and Punjab were also divided. West Bengal, where the Hindus were the majority, was included in the Indian Federation, while East Bengal joined the new nation Pakistan. And since the birth of this theocratic nation, the people of East Bengal were deprived. The trend of the culture and politics of East Bengal leaned toward separatist aim after the imposing of martial law by the dictator Ayub Khan in 1958. Especially since the 1960s the literature of East Bengal upheld revolutionary ideas against tyranny, and the concept of a theocratic nation was gradually sickening. And the ideological guru was no other than the independence leader and founding father of the nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920-’75). Litterateurs like Showkat Osman (1917-’98), Munir Chowdhury (1925-’71), Shamsur Rahman (1929-2006), Shaheed Kadori (b. 1942) and many others began
Page 1 and 2: Bangla Literature: A Critical Overv
Page 3 and 4: 3 By that time, Buddhism was in the
Page 5 and 6: 5 not flourish here. Krittibas’s
Page 7 and 8: 7 Chaitanya’s era as the mystic f
Page 9 and 10: 9 slowly merging. Even after the Ba
Page 11 and 12: 11 ’85) and Piarichand Mitra (181
Page 13 and 14: 13 were two late representatives of
Page 15: 15 Panju Shah (1851?-1914) and Haso
Page 19 and 20: 19 Also a new trend of historical n
Page 21 and 22: 21 3 Great Bengali Writers Jayadeva
Page 23 and 24: 23 lovers’ pains. According to hi
Page 25 and 26: 25 This poem is a reflection of the
Page 27 and 28: 27 Michael’s epic has a prehistor
Page 29 and 30: 29 lovers. And at the end of the no
Page 31 and 32: 31 An intense ray is dispersed into
Page 33 and 34: 33 Shey.(S/he) is a novel out of th
Page 35 and 36: 35 Tasher Desh (The Play-Cards’ L
Page 37 and 38: 37 autobiographical novel. It is a
Page 39 and 40: 39 fighter and eventually a martyr
Page 41 and 42: 41 He died a premature death out of
Page 43 and 44: 43 the tiresome journey of Man is n
Page 45 and 46: 45 Giving the child a farewell kiss
Page 47 and 48: 47 Sunil’s poems are a unique pla
Page 49 and 50: 49 Akhtaruzzaman Elias (1943-’97)
Page 51 and 52: 51 He warns mankind of a possible f
Page 53 and 54: 53 • A writer who wrote in two li

BLiterature-Apratim

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?