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Freetown, Sierra Leone 10 Chapter name goes here
Global Trends in Child Survival and Urbanization Substantial progress has been made in reducing child deaths since 1990. The global under-5 mortality rate has been cut by 49 percent – from 90 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 46 in 2013. 11 Global child mortality rates are falling faster now than at any time in history, made possible in part by action on immunization, family planning, nutrition and treatment of common childhood illnesses, as well as improvements in the wider social determinants of health. 12 The bold child survival target set out in the fourth Millennium Development Goal – to reduce global under-5 mortality by two thirds between 1990 and 2015 – has already been met by eight developing countries with high child death rates. Inspiring progress has been made in Malawi (72 percent reduction in child mortality), Bangladesh (71 percent), Liberia (71 percent), Tanzania (69 percent), Ethiopia (69 percent), Timor-Leste (68 percent), Niger (68 percent) and Eritrea (67 percent). 13 Many other countries have also made progress, and as a result about 100 million lives have been saved since 1990. 14 This is a huge achievement to be celebrated. The dramatic progress made by some of the world’s poorest countries has led many to speculate that an end to preventable child mortality is within our reach. Within a generation, we could live in a world where no child dies from preventable causes – conditions such as diarrhea and pneumonia for which vaccines and cost-effective treatment are available, or complications at birth that could be resolved through the presence of a skilled birth attendant. However, there is still a long way to go. More than 6 million children died in 2013 and progress for most countries has been too slow. Only 12 of the 60 countries with the highest child deaths rates are on track to achieve MDG 4. Greater attention is urgently needed in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, the regions where under-5 deaths are increasingly concentrated. Increased attention to newborn babies is also critically important. While newborn death rates have been falling, the proportion of under-5 deaths that occur in the first month of life has increased from 37 percent in 1990 to 44 percent in 2013. The share of under-5 deaths that occur during the newborn period is rising in every region and in almost all countries. 15 Historically, the highest child mortality rates have been found in rural areas and in the most remote regions of developing countries. Many governments have rightly made important efforts to improve health infrastructure in those geographic areas. Decades of investments in rural areas are paying off, as death rates in small villages in most countries are declining. 16 But much work remains to be done to ensure the most vulnerable children everywhere have an equal chance to survive and thrive. Unmet needs in rural areas cannot be neglected, but the urgent task of completing the MDG agenda is increasingly concentrated in urban contexts. Blantyre, Malawi STATE OF THE WORLD’S MOTHERS 2015 11
Page 1 and 2: The Urban Disadvantage STATE OF THE
Page 3 and 4: The Urban Disadvantage Save the Chi
Page 5 and 6: Introduction Save the Children work
Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary: Key Findings and
Page 9 and 10: Urban and Unequal In cities around
Page 11: increases more quickly in urban tha
Page 15 and 16: 1 in 3 City Residents in Developing
Page 17 and 18: High Risk of Death for the Poorest
Page 19 and 20: Unequal Life Chances for the Urban
Page 21 and 22: Manila, Philippines treatment and d
Page 23 and 24: A nurse in the capital of the Democ
Page 25 and 26: Urban Health Fairness Assessment Sa
Page 27 and 28: City Health Care Equity Ranking RAN
Page 29 and 30: Blantyre, Malawi Progress, But Not
Page 31 and 32: Saving Lives in Slums What is worki
Page 33 and 34: Cairo, Egypt The facts: Cairo has a
Page 35 and 36: Manila, Philippines The facts: Metr
Page 37 and 38: irth attendants are more affordable
Page 39 and 40: Guatemala City, Guatemala women of
Page 41 and 42: In Cambodia overall, there is a ver
Page 43 and 44: Urban Inequity in Wealthy Countries
Page 45 and 46: How Stockholm Battled Inequity and
Page 47 and 48: Infant Death Rates in 25 High-Incom
Page 49 and 50: Take Action Now for the Urban Poor
Page 51 and 52: Northern Nigeria d. The final post
Page 53 and 54: Different Patterns of Inequality Re
Page 55 and 56: addressing sufficient living space,
Page 57 and 58: Appendix: The 2015 Mothers’ Index
Page 59 and 60: What the Numbers Don’t Tell You T
Page 61 and 62: Frequently Asked Questions about th
Page 63 and 64:
The Complete Mothers' Index 2015 MA
Page 65 and 66:
The Complete Mothers' Index 2015 (C
Page 67 and 68:
Methodology and Research Notes The
Page 69 and 70:
Intra-urban mortality data by wealt
Page 71 and 72:
New Zealand; KIDS COUNT (USA). Nati
Page 73 and 74:
tive of these regions as a whole. F
Page 75 and 76:
and ICF International. Egypt Demogr
Page 77 and 78:
145 Burström, Bo, Lisa Oberg and L
Page 79 and 80:
Page 29 - Caroline Trutmann Ethiopi
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