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364 MARIO IOZZO Overhanging, thickened rim with horizontal top and slightly slanted underside with an offset; rounded corners. The nearly vertical side of the rim has five ridges alternately smooth and decorated with wavy, oblique hatching made with a three-pointed punch. Over the inner ridges a spool-lug handle is applied, only partially preserved and flanked by stamped palmettes. This type of palmette has seven petals, fanshaped around a triangular heart, held by two tendrils joined by a bar; beneath this and between the tendril ends is a large pointed stalk similar to and opposing the palmette's heart. The petal outlines and tendril edges are in relief. The outer surface of the bowl and the vertical side of the rim show abundant traces of red paint, in contrast to the natural color of the rim top and inner surface of the bowl. Findspot: quarry west of Temple E, in no datable context (chance surface find). There is a variant of the anthemion consisting of a palmette on two spiraling tendrils in which a sort of stalk lies between the splaying ends of two ribbons. The decorative fill opposing the principal palmette is a very frequent element during the entire 6th century B.C. This fill may be either a large single petal, an extremely simplified palmette, a stylized lotusflower, or just a simple appendage as in this case.23 It may reflect that Archaic horror vacui which led artists to fill in voids, creating a sense of compositional balance on their architectural terracottas,24 on the tops of stelai,25 on bronze appliques,26 or on small impressions such as ours.27 This particular palmette with its squat rounded petals closely resembles that on 66, dated to 575-550 B.C., as well as a cross- pattern interlace of palmettes found on a basin rim from Perachora,28 dated to 550 B.C. In both cases, however, the palmettes' side petals curve inward, following the profile of the tendrils, whereas the petals on 11 are rather stiff. I would therefore propose dating this fragment 600-570 B.C. 12. Rim fragment Fig. 1, P1. 64 C-61-30. H. 0.057, W. 0.113, rest. D. 0.625, Th. 0.037. Stamp: H. 0.026. Slightly impure, reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 6/6) with predominantly red inclusions; fine reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 6/4). A small part of the original circumference is preserved. Chipped surface with deep abrasions; hole pierced near the rim's outer edge. Fresh matrix. Overhanging, thickened rim with horizontal top and slanted underside with small appendage. A dark red-and-brown guilloche was stamped with a cylin- der on the side of the rim, bordered top and bottom by two unequally raised ridges. The guilloche edges are in unpainted relief and the oculi are alternately brown and unpainted; all the ground between the guilloche and the ridges is painted brown. Findspot: fill above a tomb of the Roman period to the north of the modern village of Archaia Korinthos (unpublished graves 1961-14-1961-17).29 The rim fragment was not found in a datable context. The simple guilloche, composed of two twisting bands with central oculi and often edged by ridges, is one of the most common Orientalizing elements in the Greek decorative repertoire. Borrowed from 23 The scheme of the anthemion with a pointed stalk opposing a flower supported by tendrils was already present in Corinth not long after 650 B.C., as evidenced by the fragment of kalypter FA.547; see Williams (footnote 15 above), p. 347, pl. 155. 24 Cf. Rhomaios (footnote 16 above), pp. 25-27, figs. 9 a-11; Corinth IV, i, fig. 14; E. L. Schwandner, "Der altere Aphaiatempel auf Aegina," Neue Forschungen in griechischen Heiligtiimern, U. Jantzen, ed., Tu- bingen 1976, p. 111, fig. 8. 25 A. Schott, "Akanthus," OJh 44, 1959 (pp. 54-79), p. 65, fig. 39 (reporting Type Ila of G. M. Richter, The Archaic Gravestones of Attica, London 1961, pp. 37ff. 26 Cf. foonotes 16, 18, and 19 above for general bibliography. 27 In a rather early scheme from the first half of the 6th century B.C. The anthemion is stamped on the shoulder of a Corinthian pithos, Agora XII, no. 1516, p. 342, pl. 65. 28 Weinberg, 1954, p. 126, pl. 29:e; the fragments are identified there as parts of a basin rim. Perachora II, p.322, no.3362. 29 For grave no. 16, see Corinth VII, iii, p. 215, no. 74.
Levantine art30 at least as early as the second half of the 9th century B.C.3" and presumably originating in metalwork, the guilloche by the 7th century B.C. had already become one of the most common ornamental motifs used to frame decorated fields and to define or go with the borders of large circular areas on many classes of objects.32 The guilloche enjoyed a long period of popularity and underwent few stylistic changes.33 In fact, it was so widely diffused during the Archaic period that it is rather difficult to specify a date for our 12. The rim's shape points to the 6th century B.C., because of the vigorous plasticity of the relief and because of the metallic neatness of the edges which is also evident in the colored portions,34 as well as for the extreme accuracy in painting the little spaces between the guilloche and the bordering ridges. Similar concisely composed and neatly executed guilloches formed by perfectly circular elements are found on bronze shields from Olympia, dated to the 7th century B.C. This comparison leads us to raise the date of 12 to the beginning of the 6th century B.C.35 This decorative motif must have been CORINTHIAN BASINS ON HIGH STANDS 365 fairly widespread in the Corinthian ornamental repertoire. Several architectural terracottas from Cor- inth which offer us an equally precise painted ver- sion of the guilloche likewise date rather early in the 6th century B.c.36 600-550 B.C. 13. Bowl fragment Fig. 1, P1. 64 KP 1415. H. 0.074, W. 0.138, est. D. 0.525, Th. 0.011. Handle: H. 0.035, L. 0.02. Stamp: D. 0.02. Weinberg, 1954, pp. 127, 133, pl. 30:c; Ander- son, p. 90, no. 92; Corinth XV, iii, no. 2161, p. 348, pl. 76. Slightly impure, reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6) with predominantly red inclusions; same reddish yellow slip. A small part of the original circumference is preserved; eroded surface with extensive traces of scorching. Fresh matrix. Overhanging, thickened rim with slightly convex top slanting outwards; oblique underside with a small appendage. Along the nearly vertical side of the rim run six ridges of various heights, interrupted by an 30 For the guilloche in oriental art, see J. A. H. Portratz, "Das Flechtband. Eine altvorderasiatische Ligatur," OA 3, 1964, pp. 175-200. 31 Cf. the golden pendant from Teke (Knossos) in the Herakleion Museum, J. Boardman, The Greeks Overseas, London 1980, pp. 56-57, fig. 23. 32 F. Canciani, Bronzi orientali e orientalizzanti a Creta nell'VIII e VII sec. a.C., Rome 1970, pp. 57-58. For the diffusion of the motif in the colonies, see N. Allegro, "Louteria a rilievo da Himera," Quaderno Imerese 2, 1982 (pp. 151-166), pp. 152-153; Xkerstrom (footnote 16 above), passim. For the motif's diffusion in Etruria, see F. Johansen, "Etruskiske broncerelieffer i Glyptoteket," Meddelelserfra Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen 1979, pp. 67-87, figs. 1-3, 7-16, and 20. 3 For an example of mosaic flooring from the triclinium of the Palace of Theodoric in Ravenna, dated to the first quarter of the 6th century after Christ, see F. Berti, Mosaici antichi in Italia: Ravenna I, Rome 1976, pl. 51, no. 60. 34The peculiarity of the marked edges is already present on an enameled Assyrian orthostate in the British Museum, from the age of either Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C.) or Tiglath-Pileser III (743-727 B.C.), Portratz (footnote 30 above), p. 193, fig. 5, no. 3. As such, the motif is diffused during the Archaic period on architectural terracottas, on arm-bands and borders of shields in bronze laminate, on metal paterae, on ceramic products, etc. It is found in later periods in mosaics, where it seems to have found its widest application. Among the 6th-century examples which are most similar to 12, cf. the Chalcidian helmet in St. Louis (City Art Museum, inv. no. 282.49): E. Kunze, "Helme," OlBer 8,1958-1962, pp. 163 and 174-175, figs. 63, 64. A very similar guilloche, but more flattened, is found on a basin ring from Delphi, which also carries a lug handle flanked by a palmette: R. Demangel, FdD II, ii, Le sanctuaire d'Athena Pronaia. Les temples de tuf, Paris 1926, p. 104, fig. 115:6. 3' E. Kunze, "Schieldbeschlage," OlBer 5, 1941-1952, pp. 44-45, figs. 23, 24, pl. 11. 36 Corinth IV, i, pp. 104-105, 108, 110, T(iles) nos. 42-44, 50, 51, 112, 126, 131, fig. 43; see also pp. 57- 58, A(ntefixes) nos. 101,101 a, fig. 1, in which all the bands of the guilloche are black with light edges.
Page 1 and 2: CORINTHIAN BASINS ON HIGH STANDS (P
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Page 5 and 6: 2. Fragmentary basin C-31-186. Bowl
Page 7 and 8: circumference is preserved in 14 jo
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Page 13 and 14: similar series is also found on the
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Page 17 and 18: the lower part of the tendrils has
Page 19 and 20: The colored bands have been painted
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Page 23 and 24: Findspot: Well 1936-10 (S: 11), in
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Page 29 and 30: 54. Bowl fragment Fig. 3, P1. 70 KP
Page 31 and 32: the central ridge unpainted. The fi
Page 33 and 34: Apollo and Ida fighting for Marpess
Page 35 and 36: Impure, light-brown clay (7.5YR 6/4
Page 37 and 38: diluted brown and without incision.
Page 39 and 40: N CORINTHIAN BASINS ON HIGH STANDS
Page 41 and 42: with predominantly red inclusions;
Page 43 and 44: 84. Base and stand fragments Fig. 4
Page 45 and 46: Circular base with carinated profil
Page 47 and 48: Findspot: Well A east of the new Mu
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Page 53 and 54: Very impure, reddish yellow clay (7
Page 55 and 56: Hollow, cylindrical stand, of which
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Page 59 and 60: Yellow clay (1OYR 7/8) with predomi
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CORINTHIAN BASINS ON HIGH STANDS 41
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