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EPA Protective Action Guidance for members of the general public during the early phase of a nuclear accident includes: A) a whole body dose exceeding 25 rem and a thyroid dose exceeding 125 rem B) a whole body dose exceeding 75 rem and no limit to the thyroid C) a total effective dose equivalent exceeding 1 rem and a committed dose equivalent to the thyroid exceeding 5 rem D) a whole body dose exceeding 25 rem and no limit to the thyroid E) a whole body dose exceeding 1 rem and a thyroid dose exceeding 25 rem The correct answer is: C The EPA PAGs were revised in 1991 under EPA 400, which supersedes EPA 520. PAGs are anticipated dose levels where protective action, such as sheltering or evacuation, should be considered.
Which of the following contributes MOST to exposure rates on the turbine floor of an operating BWR plant? A) Cobalt-60 B) Cesium-137 C) Krypton-88 D) Nitrogen-16 E) Iodine-131 The correct answer is: D The BWR has primary steam in the turbine, whereas the PWR design does not. N-16 is produced from the (n,p)reaction on O-16, which is plentiful in the reactor coolant (H2O). N-16 has a 7.1 second half-life and emits 6.1 and 7.1 MeV gamma photons.
Page 1 and 2: For calculating dose to an organ fr
Page 3 and 4: The major radiological health conce
Page 5 and 6: A x-ray machine is operated in a cl
Page 7 and 8: The goal and future requirement reg
Page 9 and 10: A Pu-Be source should be stored: A)
Page 11 and 12: In the shielding equation I = Io e^
Page 13 and 14: Which of the following is the MOST
Page 15 and 16: How are tools or equipment transfer
Page 17 and 18: Which of the following surveys shou
Page 19 and 20: The following dosimetry should be w
Page 21 and 22: When using a charcoal cartridge wit
Page 23 and 24: The use of a Radioactive Yellow III
Page 25 and 26: Remediation of areas contaminated w
Page 27 and 28: Leak test of sealed radioactive sou
Page 29: The two organzations which review a
Page 33 and 34: Which of the following are distingu
Page 35 and 36: In planning shielding for walls of
Page 37 and 38: Most operating light water nuclear
Page 39 and 40: Which of the following is in the or
Page 41 and 42: The linear attenuation coefficient
Page 43 and 44: If a shielding material has a half-
Page 45 and 46: The units used to express u/p (mu o
Page 47 and 48: Air sample results from an unoccupi
Page 49 and 50: The minimum recommended face veloci
Page 51 and 52: An air sampler is run for 45 minute
Page 53 and 54: A fixed air filter at a nuclear pow
Page 55 and 56: The agency which approves the desig
Page 57 and 58: A respirator containing a high effi
Page 59 and 60: The maximum allowable radiation lev
Page 61 and 62: At what level does loose alpha cont
Page 63 and 64: According to the BEIR V Report, the
Page 65 and 66: Allowable radiation and contaminati
Page 67 and 68: The four emergency classifications
Page 69 and 70: A technician responds with emergenc
Page 71 and 72: The amount of shielding required to
Page 73 and 74: The transport index is determined a
Page 75 and 76: The BEST shielding for a Phosphorus
Page 77 and 78: As a result of Three Mile Island ac
Page 79 and 80: Radioactive material may be transpo
Page 81 and 82:
What is the attenuation coefficient
Page 83 and 84:
The MAIN purpose of isokinetic samp
Page 85 and 86:
A toluene and P-32 spill occurs in
Page 87 and 88:
The dose buildup factor is 5 at the
Page 89 and 90:
What is the appropriate method of u
Page 91 and 92:
Immediate telephone notification to
Page 93 and 94:
After shutdown of a particle accele
Page 95 and 96:
In a linear accelerator radiation s
Page 97 and 98:
Personnel monitoring equipment is r
Page 99 and 100:
A nurse drops a 30 millicurie liqui
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An air sample is run at 2 cubic fee
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In shielding sources which produce
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Radioactive liquids may be transpor
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The protection factor for an atmosp
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A shield has to be constructed in f
Page 111 and 112:
Reactor chemistry samples are often
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When sampling for radioactive fallo
Page 115 and 116:
One DAC-hour is approximately equal
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Which of the following materials wi
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When is a neutron radiation survey
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Why should swipes in a loose-surfac
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World population exposures due to f
Page 125 and 126:
Strict adherence to ICRP Publicatio
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ICRP recommends a weighting factor
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ICRP Publication 26 states, "No pra
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To limit possible exposure to radia
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In emergency planning, a "protectiv
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State the purpose of the main steam
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The radionuclide that is the main c
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If personnel with doses less than 1
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Prior to 1988, explicit recommendat
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In general, the most important sour
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When communicating information rega
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The ordering of the following shiel
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Which of the following statements a
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If the most restrictive airborne ra
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The maximum protection factor that
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For regulatory compliance purposes,
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The radionuclide used to improve op
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The target and filter material used
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Most newer mammographic units conta
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Theraputic radionuclides are used t
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Radiation leakage from an x-ray tub
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The dominant external radiation haz
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Power reactors do not routinely cou
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The occupation limit for radon expo
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Monitoring of nuclear power plant e
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Sample lines for plant vents must b
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The code of Federal Regulations, 40
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During the early phase of an accide
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A radioactive shipment is being pre
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The effective dose equivalent allow
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The amount of tritium allowed by 10
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An individual has received an intak
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The class "D" in Appendix B to part
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The concentration values given in T
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The Department of Energy's yearly a
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A DOE radiation worker has a lifeti
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The best way to reduce the volume o
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A Notice of Violation will not be i
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After exposure rates from radioacti
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The leakage radiation from a diagno
Page 205 and 206:
What neutron quality factor did the
Page 207 and 208:
According to 10 CFR 20 radiological
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Which of the following Regulatory G
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Which of the following is NOT true
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According to the EPA, a home should
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A shipment of radioactive materials
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The tissue weighting factor for the
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According to NUREG-0713, which of t
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According to 10 CFR 20 the definiti
Page 223 and 224:
According to 10 CFR 20, how often d
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You work at a nuclear power plant,
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A safe geometry to prevent critical
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Which of the following bioassay met
Page 231 and 232:
Radiobiological evidence suggests t
Page 233 and 234:
The "planned special exposure" prov
Page 235 and 236:
A female radiation worker declares
Page 237 and 238:
The iodine isotope that would deliv
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A Type A quantity of radioactive ma
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When working with liquid solutions
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At a nuclear power reactor facility
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Doses to the thyroid and whole body
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The term "reference man" in health
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According to 10 CFR 20 Appendix A,
Page 251 and 252:
The Radioactive Yellow II and III l
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For an exclusive use, closed transp
Page 255 and 256:
Which of the following regulations
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The sensitivity of photographic fil
Page 259 and 260:
If the DAC for Rn-222 is 3.0 E-8 mi
Page 261 and 262:
The full width at half maximum peak
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What are the constituents of the fi
Page 265 and 266:
A meter reads 40,000 net cpm and th
Page 267 and 268:
According to ANSI N323-1978, portab
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Common radionuclides used for the c
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How long must a sample with a count
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Quality factor is a function of the
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A proper average quality factor for
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A point source of 137-Cs with an ac
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An individual breathes a concentrat
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A person is standing in a semi-infi
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Personnel dosimetry records must be
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How is beta exposure determined in
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The major internal pathway for radi
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Which of the following radionuclide
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Proportional counters operate at __
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The sensitivity of a pressurized io
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If 100 counts are recorded with a d
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A tissue-equivalent chamber must: A
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The full width at half maximum peak
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A stack is 5 feet in diameter, the
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A sample counted for ten minutes re
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The purpose of a "chi-squared" test
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A worker is exposed to different ra
Page 309 and 310:
Assuming a maximum permissible dose
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You measure the dose rate at a job
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The exposure rate from a point sour
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According to the ICRP, "ALI" stands
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What happens to the noble gases aft
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The detection of radioactive tritiu
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The approximate exposure rate (R/hr
Page 323 and 324:
What materials are most commonly us
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An individual breathes a concentrat
Page 327 and 328:
The MOST effective bioassay method
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According to 10 CFR Part 20, the qu
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When calibrating radiation detectio
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Which of the following is the best
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The DAC for inert gases is based on
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The absorbed dose from the alpha pa
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An Airborne Radioactivity Area must
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Albedo dosimetry will function prop
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What is the ionization region? A) t
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The difference between x-ray and ne
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Three different labs measure the sa
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An ionization chamber which as a di
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A NaI counting system would be appr
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A person is standing in a semi-infi
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The net counts observed from succes
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For NaI and GeLi detectors, as gamm
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Ar-41 is a noble gas which decays b
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The exposure rate at two feet from
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A worker spends 90 minutes in a fie
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Obtaining reproducible results duri
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A worker stands 12 feet from a gamm
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Determine the mean of the following
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The full width of a given photopeak
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In the G-M region of a gas filled t
Page 375 and 376:
Which of the following materials is
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The average number of ion pairs pro
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An important advantage of using a h
Page 381 and 382:
The target organ for most transport
Page 383 and 384:
The short-lived Radon (Rn-222) deca
Page 385 and 386:
Which material is most likely to io
Page 387 and 388:
In a field of mixed neutron and gam
Page 389 and 390:
Tissue dose from thermal neutrons p
Page 391 and 392:
The provisions of ANSI N13.11-1983
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If the skin were contaminated by an
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Which statement is most accurate? A
Page 397 and 398:
Measurement uncertainty in a radiat
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What is the most efficient ratio of
Page 401 and 402:
When performing in-vivo measurement
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Gas and aerosol detectors (smoke de
Page 405 and 406:
To obtain count rates that will fal
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Germanium-Lithium semiconductor det
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One of the components of the liquid
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A sample containing tritium, Carbon
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Quenching effects in a liquid scint
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A gamma spectrometer spectrum of a
Page 417 and 418:
You are analyzing a sample containi
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To improve the efficiency of an ins
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You are assigned to count a number
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The method used to determine the am
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In a gas filled detector a low volt
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A gas-filled detector in which the
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A semi-conductor is distinguished f
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An "acceptor" substance in a semi-c
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The secondary emission ratio of a p
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Methods used to reduce the amount o
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For protons and neutrons, most of t
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A long counter is encased in a cadm
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Choose the BEST answer that describ
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In a photomultiplier tube with 7 dy
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A dose of 20 rem from alpha radiati
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The efficiency for collecting ion p
Page 449 and 450:
Which planchet material would yield
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Which of the following reactions is
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Which of the following has a densit
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A 1Kg block of ice and a 1 Kg block
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The difference between the energy 1
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The process of transferring photon
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Given a uniform disk source of radi
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A photon with a linear attenuation
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The buildup factor used in shieldin
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The half-value thickness for 1 MeV
Page 469 and 470:
BF3 gas filled detectors frequently
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A GM detector with a resolving time
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Electrons that are initially at res
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For general area radiation surveys,
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For a gas filled detector operating
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For a typical NaI scintillation det
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What is the approximate efficiency
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The largest respirable particle is
Page 485 and 486:
A worker wearing a respirator with
Page 487 and 488:
The term solubility or transportabi
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Which is the major factor in consid
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The most important types of environ
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The fraction of unattached radon de
Page 495 and 496:
Why is the thumb rule formula X = 6
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A low energy alpha detector is usua
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A sample of radioactive material is
Page 501 and 502:
A worker accidentally ingested one
Page 503 and 504:
Conjunctivitis may result from a we
Page 505 and 506:
Eventually, charged particles give
Page 507 and 508:
Gamma rays get their energy from: A
Page 509 and 510:
What is the usual unit of measureme
Page 511 and 512:
Normal background radiation exposur
Page 513 and 514:
Plutonium, taken into the circulato
Page 515 and 516:
The average person contains about 0
Page 517 and 518:
The current OSHA standard for far f
Page 519 and 520:
The fraction of atoms which undergo
Page 521 and 522:
The portion of the body most suscep
Page 523 and 524:
The gray is a quantity used to expr
Page 525 and 526:
A very thin windowed Geiger-Mueller
Page 527 and 528:
What is the charge produced in a 25
Page 529 and 530:
What is one of the special units us
Page 531 and 532:
When a charged particle strikes an
Page 533 and 534:
Which of the following is a Beta em
Page 535 and 536:
Which one of the following types of
Page 537 and 538:
What will the activity of 10 Ci of
Page 539 and 540:
Radon has been estimated to account
Page 541 and 542:
Two cost effective means available
Page 543 and 544:
Higher atomic weight (Z) elements t
Page 545 and 546:
Under the SI system there have been
Page 547 and 548:
Smokers have increased exposure to
Page 549 and 550:
When ionizing energy ejects an elec
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What is the decay constant for Carb
Page 553 and 554:
A scintillation counter takes advan
Page 555 and 556:
Radioactive decay is said to be fir
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How long will it take for 200 Ci of
Page 559 and 560:
If an individual incurred a dose eq
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A "pig" is a: A) Container used to
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What is a "neutrino"? A) Massless p
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What is elastic scattering of a pho
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What is the "photoelectric effect"
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What happens to the incident photon
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Which effect predominates in the 10
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What effect predominates in the gre
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What is the SI unit of activity? A)
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The equivalent energy for the rest
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Which of the following is isobaric
Page 581 and 582:
Name the initial and final nuclide
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Name the initial and final member o
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Plutonium: A) Occurs naturally B) I
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What is a use of a chelating agent?
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The periodic table lists: A) All el
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A radionuclide that is constantly b
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The target organ for consideration
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If Kr-90 is released from the stack
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In a radioactive decay process in w
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In a radioactive decay process in w
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A build-up factor equal to one in a
Page 603 and 604:
Radiation in the visible spectrum t
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The energy distribution of alpha em
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Radium is considered to be a ______
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A proportional counter has enough v
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A Geiger counter should never have
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Proportional counters have gas ampl
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The primary function of a radiation
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What is the approximate efficiency
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For what reason is a mica window us
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The function of a cascade impactor
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The "end window" on a Geiger-Muelle
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The term "acute radiation syndrome"
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A fundamental law in radiobiology t
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For transportation of radioactive m
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Which radiation monitoring device u
Page 633 and 634:
The pancake GM probe is designed fo
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Human excreta containing medically
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What is a "phantom" in reference to
Page 639 and 640:
The Department of Transportation (D
Page 641 and 642:
Page 643 and 644:
Page 645 and 646:
KERMA is a unit of radiation measur
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How does the NRC regulate x-ray mac
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The SI unit for radiation absorbed
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The SI unit of activity is the: A)
Page 653 and 654:
The underlying principle for radior
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As a charged particle loses energy
Page 657 and 658:
What is the mathematical relationsh
Page 659 and 660:
The "lapse rate" is the: A) Tempera
Page 661 and 662:
The best data to use to estimate th
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What is a disadvantage of a long sa
Page 665 and 666:
Given a reading of 100 mr/hr (gamma
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Which of the following is not a nat
Page 669 and 670:
The occupational derived air concen
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What does an "alpha" emission consi
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A radium decay scheme is represente
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In the beta particle decay of stron
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What is a Roentgen? A) The amount o
Page 679 and 680:
Why are the low atomic number mater
Page 681 and 682:
The TLV for exposure to radiation f
Page 683 and 684:
Which of the following series is an
Page 685 and 686:
In an absorbing medium, one gray (1
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A one liter Marinelli air sample is
Page 689 and 690:
If an atom is assembled from its co
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You have 400 millicuries of a radio
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The difference between x-rays and g
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A 7 mg/cm2 mylar window is used on
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Effects of acute radiation exposure
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What is the "threshold" of radiatio
Page 701 and 702:
Page 703 and 704:
Most of the dose received by man fr
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For an isotope having an allowed co
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All of the following statements abo
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Isotopes are: A) different radionuc
Page 711 and 712:
Which of the following has the high
Page 713 and 714:
Following electron capture, the fol
Page 715 and 716:
A technician surveys a shielded pur
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In the interaction of thermal neutr
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Which of the following organ system
Page 721 and 722:
Page 723 and 724:
Why are the dose equivalent limits
Page 725 and 726:
Why is a child more radiosensitive
Page 727 and 728:
If a large group of people receive
Page 729 and 730:
What is the main factor determining
Page 731 and 732:
The range of a 2 MeV alpha particle
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An isotope is one of two or more at
Page 735 and 736:
The symbols Pa, Ga, Sn, Ni represen
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If the maximum beta particle energy
Page 739 and 740:
The major source of radiation expos
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In the energy range from 0.1 to 5 M
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The Roentgen is a measure of: A) ab
Page 745 and 746:
The antineutrino is associated with
Page 747 and 748:
The three types of blood cells in t
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The range of an alpha particle in t
Page 751 and 752:
After four half-lives, the original
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Workers are exposed to a Cs-137 con
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Based on the 1990 BEIR V Report, th
Page 757 and 758:
Based on the laws of Bergoinie and
Page 759 and 760:
Which one of the following lists th
Page 761 and 762:
Genetic mutations are one possible
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The roentgen is equal to: A) 1.0 co
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Cancer induced by radon daughters i
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Unlike many man made materials, whe
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Deleterious effects caused by radia
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Cigarette smokers who smoke 1.5 pac
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Sr-85 is used in the treatment of b
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Uranium and Thorium decay products
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The relationship between the mass o
Page 779 and 780:
The NRC defines a hot particle as a
Page 781 and 782:
Uptake and retention of a radionucl
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An active person who eats a high fi
Page 785 and 786:
Cesium-137 decays by emitting: A) t
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A mole of U-238 weighs: A) 238 amu
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The SI unit of energy is: A) Siever
Page 791 and 792:
The nucleus transfers its energy to
Page 793 and 794:
The formula for calculating specifi
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A radionuclide with a parent half-l
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As an alpha particle transverses a
Page 799 and 800:
The average energy of a positron em
Page 801 and 802:
The stopping power for electrons __
Page 803 and 804:
Kerma is the sum of the initial kin
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The term used to describe a process
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Rn-220 is a member of which of the
Page 809 and 810:
Which of the following naturally oc
Page 811 and 812:
An absorbed dose of 3 rad results i
Page 813 and 814:
Which of the following is equivalen
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The electron volt is: A) a unit of
Page 817 and 818:
Which of the following does NOT aff
Page 819 and 820:
If the half life of a radionuclide
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Which of the following is the BEST
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