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In a linear accelerator, the most induced radiation will be observed: A) along the beam pipe B) in the magnets C) at the beam dump D) at the target E) in the air surrounding the target The correct answer is: D Induced radiation in an accelerator refers to neutron activation products. The most neutron production in a linear accelerator is at the target, where spallation of target atoms results in the release of neutrons. When thermal energies are reached by these neutrons, they are captured, creating activation products.
Which of the following is in the order of MOST effective to LEAST effective shielding materials for gamma radiation sources? A) water,lead,concrete,iron B) water,lead,iron,concrete C) lead,water,iron,concrete D) lead,iron,concrete,water E) lead,iron,water,concrete The correct answer is: D These materials are listed in decreasing order of density. The probability of gamma interaction increases with the number of electron shells, which increases with atomic number.
Page 1 and 2: For calculating dose to an organ fr
Page 3 and 4: The major radiological health conce
Page 5 and 6: A x-ray machine is operated in a cl
Page 7 and 8: The goal and future requirement reg
Page 9 and 10: A Pu-Be source should be stored: A)
Page 11 and 12: In the shielding equation I = Io e^
Page 13 and 14: Which of the following is the MOST
Page 15 and 16: How are tools or equipment transfer
Page 17 and 18: Which of the following surveys shou
Page 19 and 20: The following dosimetry should be w
Page 21 and 22: When using a charcoal cartridge wit
Page 23 and 24: The use of a Radioactive Yellow III
Page 25 and 26: Remediation of areas contaminated w
Page 27 and 28: Leak test of sealed radioactive sou
Page 29 and 30: The two organzations which review a
Page 31 and 32: Which of the following contributes
Page 33 and 34: Which of the following are distingu
Page 35 and 36: In planning shielding for walls of
Page 37: Most operating light water nuclear
Page 41 and 42: The linear attenuation coefficient
Page 43 and 44: If a shielding material has a half-
Page 45 and 46: The units used to express u/p (mu o
Page 47 and 48: Air sample results from an unoccupi
Page 49 and 50: The minimum recommended face veloci
Page 51 and 52: An air sampler is run for 45 minute
Page 53 and 54: A fixed air filter at a nuclear pow
Page 55 and 56: The agency which approves the desig
Page 57 and 58: A respirator containing a high effi
Page 59 and 60: The maximum allowable radiation lev
Page 61 and 62: At what level does loose alpha cont
Page 63 and 64: According to the BEIR V Report, the
Page 65 and 66: Allowable radiation and contaminati
Page 67 and 68: The four emergency classifications
Page 69 and 70: A technician responds with emergenc
Page 71 and 72: The amount of shielding required to
Page 73 and 74: The transport index is determined a
Page 75 and 76: The BEST shielding for a Phosphorus
Page 77 and 78: As a result of Three Mile Island ac
Page 79 and 80: Radioactive material may be transpo
Page 81 and 82: What is the attenuation coefficient
Page 83 and 84: The MAIN purpose of isokinetic samp
Page 85 and 86: A toluene and P-32 spill occurs in
Page 87 and 88: The dose buildup factor is 5 at the
Page 89 and 90:
What is the appropriate method of u
Page 91 and 92:
Immediate telephone notification to
Page 93 and 94:
After shutdown of a particle accele
Page 95 and 96:
In a linear accelerator radiation s
Page 97 and 98:
Personnel monitoring equipment is r
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A nurse drops a 30 millicurie liqui
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An air sample is run at 2 cubic fee
Page 103 and 104:
In shielding sources which produce
Page 105 and 106:
Radioactive liquids may be transpor
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The protection factor for an atmosp
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A shield has to be constructed in f
Page 111 and 112:
Reactor chemistry samples are often
Page 113 and 114:
When sampling for radioactive fallo
Page 115 and 116:
One DAC-hour is approximately equal
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Which of the following materials wi
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When is a neutron radiation survey
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Why should swipes in a loose-surfac
Page 123 and 124:
World population exposures due to f
Page 125 and 126:
Strict adherence to ICRP Publicatio
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ICRP recommends a weighting factor
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ICRP Publication 26 states, "No pra
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To limit possible exposure to radia
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In emergency planning, a "protectiv
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State the purpose of the main steam
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The radionuclide that is the main c
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If personnel with doses less than 1
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Prior to 1988, explicit recommendat
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In general, the most important sour
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When communicating information rega
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The ordering of the following shiel
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Which of the following statements a
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If the most restrictive airborne ra
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The maximum protection factor that
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For regulatory compliance purposes,
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The radionuclide used to improve op
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The target and filter material used
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Most newer mammographic units conta
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Theraputic radionuclides are used t
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Radiation leakage from an x-ray tub
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The dominant external radiation haz
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Power reactors do not routinely cou
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The occupation limit for radon expo
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Monitoring of nuclear power plant e
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Sample lines for plant vents must b
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The code of Federal Regulations, 40
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During the early phase of an accide
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A radioactive shipment is being pre
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The effective dose equivalent allow
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The amount of tritium allowed by 10
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An individual has received an intak
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The class "D" in Appendix B to part
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The concentration values given in T
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The Department of Energy's yearly a
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A DOE radiation worker has a lifeti
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The best way to reduce the volume o
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A Notice of Violation will not be i
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After exposure rates from radioacti
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The leakage radiation from a diagno
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What neutron quality factor did the
Page 207 and 208:
According to 10 CFR 20 radiological
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Which of the following Regulatory G
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Which of the following is NOT true
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According to the EPA, a home should
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A shipment of radioactive materials
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The tissue weighting factor for the
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According to NUREG-0713, which of t
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According to 10 CFR 20 the definiti
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According to 10 CFR 20, how often d
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You work at a nuclear power plant,
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A safe geometry to prevent critical
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Which of the following bioassay met
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Radiobiological evidence suggests t
Page 233 and 234:
The "planned special exposure" prov
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A female radiation worker declares
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The iodine isotope that would deliv
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A Type A quantity of radioactive ma
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When working with liquid solutions
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At a nuclear power reactor facility
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Doses to the thyroid and whole body
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The term "reference man" in health
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According to 10 CFR 20 Appendix A,
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The Radioactive Yellow II and III l
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For an exclusive use, closed transp
Page 255 and 256:
Which of the following regulations
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The sensitivity of photographic fil
Page 259 and 260:
If the DAC for Rn-222 is 3.0 E-8 mi
Page 261 and 262:
The full width at half maximum peak
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What are the constituents of the fi
Page 265 and 266:
A meter reads 40,000 net cpm and th
Page 267 and 268:
According to ANSI N323-1978, portab
Page 269 and 270:
Common radionuclides used for the c
Page 271 and 272:
How long must a sample with a count
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Quality factor is a function of the
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A proper average quality factor for
Page 277 and 278:
A point source of 137-Cs with an ac
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An individual breathes a concentrat
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A person is standing in a semi-infi
Page 283 and 284:
Personnel dosimetry records must be
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How is beta exposure determined in
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The major internal pathway for radi
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Which of the following radionuclide
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Proportional counters operate at __
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The sensitivity of a pressurized io
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If 100 counts are recorded with a d
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A tissue-equivalent chamber must: A
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The full width at half maximum peak
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A stack is 5 feet in diameter, the
Page 303 and 304:
A sample counted for ten minutes re
Page 305 and 306:
The purpose of a "chi-squared" test
Page 307 and 308:
A worker is exposed to different ra
Page 309 and 310:
Assuming a maximum permissible dose
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You measure the dose rate at a job
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The exposure rate from a point sour
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According to the ICRP, "ALI" stands
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What happens to the noble gases aft
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The detection of radioactive tritiu
Page 321 and 322:
The approximate exposure rate (R/hr
Page 323 and 324:
What materials are most commonly us
Page 325 and 326:
An individual breathes a concentrat
Page 327 and 328:
The MOST effective bioassay method
Page 329 and 330:
According to 10 CFR Part 20, the qu
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When calibrating radiation detectio
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Which of the following is the best
Page 335 and 336:
The DAC for inert gases is based on
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The absorbed dose from the alpha pa
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An Airborne Radioactivity Area must
Page 341 and 342:
Albedo dosimetry will function prop
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What is the ionization region? A) t
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The difference between x-ray and ne
Page 347 and 348:
Three different labs measure the sa
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An ionization chamber which as a di
Page 351 and 352:
A NaI counting system would be appr
Page 353 and 354:
A person is standing in a semi-infi
Page 355 and 356:
The net counts observed from succes
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For NaI and GeLi detectors, as gamm
Page 359 and 360:
Ar-41 is a noble gas which decays b
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The exposure rate at two feet from
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A worker spends 90 minutes in a fie
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Obtaining reproducible results duri
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A worker stands 12 feet from a gamm
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Determine the mean of the following
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The full width of a given photopeak
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In the G-M region of a gas filled t
Page 375 and 376:
Which of the following materials is
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The average number of ion pairs pro
Page 379 and 380:
An important advantage of using a h
Page 381 and 382:
The target organ for most transport
Page 383 and 384:
The short-lived Radon (Rn-222) deca
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Which material is most likely to io
Page 387 and 388:
In a field of mixed neutron and gam
Page 389 and 390:
Tissue dose from thermal neutrons p
Page 391 and 392:
The provisions of ANSI N13.11-1983
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If the skin were contaminated by an
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Which statement is most accurate? A
Page 397 and 398:
Measurement uncertainty in a radiat
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What is the most efficient ratio of
Page 401 and 402:
When performing in-vivo measurement
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Gas and aerosol detectors (smoke de
Page 405 and 406:
To obtain count rates that will fal
Page 407 and 408:
Germanium-Lithium semiconductor det
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One of the components of the liquid
Page 411 and 412:
A sample containing tritium, Carbon
Page 413 and 414:
Quenching effects in a liquid scint
Page 415 and 416:
A gamma spectrometer spectrum of a
Page 417 and 418:
You are analyzing a sample containi
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To improve the efficiency of an ins
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You are assigned to count a number
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The method used to determine the am
Page 425 and 426:
In a gas filled detector a low volt
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A gas-filled detector in which the
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A semi-conductor is distinguished f
Page 431 and 432:
An "acceptor" substance in a semi-c
Page 433 and 434:
The secondary emission ratio of a p
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Methods used to reduce the amount o
Page 437 and 438:
For protons and neutrons, most of t
Page 439 and 440:
A long counter is encased in a cadm
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Choose the BEST answer that describ
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In a photomultiplier tube with 7 dy
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A dose of 20 rem from alpha radiati
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The efficiency for collecting ion p
Page 449 and 450:
Which planchet material would yield
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Which of the following reactions is
Page 453 and 454:
Which of the following has a densit
Page 455 and 456:
A 1Kg block of ice and a 1 Kg block
Page 457 and 458:
The difference between the energy 1
Page 459 and 460:
The process of transferring photon
Page 461 and 462:
Given a uniform disk source of radi
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A photon with a linear attenuation
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The buildup factor used in shieldin
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The half-value thickness for 1 MeV
Page 469 and 470:
BF3 gas filled detectors frequently
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A GM detector with a resolving time
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Electrons that are initially at res
Page 475 and 476:
For general area radiation surveys,
Page 477 and 478:
For a gas filled detector operating
Page 479 and 480:
For a typical NaI scintillation det
Page 481 and 482:
What is the approximate efficiency
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The largest respirable particle is
Page 485 and 486:
A worker wearing a respirator with
Page 487 and 488:
The term solubility or transportabi
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Which is the major factor in consid
Page 491 and 492:
The most important types of environ
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The fraction of unattached radon de
Page 495 and 496:
Why is the thumb rule formula X = 6
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A low energy alpha detector is usua
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A sample of radioactive material is
Page 501 and 502:
A worker accidentally ingested one
Page 503 and 504:
Conjunctivitis may result from a we
Page 505 and 506:
Eventually, charged particles give
Page 507 and 508:
Gamma rays get their energy from: A
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What is the usual unit of measureme
Page 511 and 512:
Normal background radiation exposur
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Plutonium, taken into the circulato
Page 515 and 516:
The average person contains about 0
Page 517 and 518:
The current OSHA standard for far f
Page 519 and 520:
The fraction of atoms which undergo
Page 521 and 522:
The portion of the body most suscep
Page 523 and 524:
The gray is a quantity used to expr
Page 525 and 526:
A very thin windowed Geiger-Mueller
Page 527 and 528:
What is the charge produced in a 25
Page 529 and 530:
What is one of the special units us
Page 531 and 532:
When a charged particle strikes an
Page 533 and 534:
Which of the following is a Beta em
Page 535 and 536:
Which one of the following types of
Page 537 and 538:
What will the activity of 10 Ci of
Page 539 and 540:
Radon has been estimated to account
Page 541 and 542:
Two cost effective means available
Page 543 and 544:
Higher atomic weight (Z) elements t
Page 545 and 546:
Under the SI system there have been
Page 547 and 548:
Smokers have increased exposure to
Page 549 and 550:
When ionizing energy ejects an elec
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What is the decay constant for Carb
Page 553 and 554:
A scintillation counter takes advan
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Radioactive decay is said to be fir
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How long will it take for 200 Ci of
Page 559 and 560:
If an individual incurred a dose eq
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A "pig" is a: A) Container used to
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What is a "neutrino"? A) Massless p
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What is elastic scattering of a pho
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What is the "photoelectric effect"
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What happens to the incident photon
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Which effect predominates in the 10
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What effect predominates in the gre
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What is the SI unit of activity? A)
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The equivalent energy for the rest
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Which of the following is isobaric
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Name the initial and final nuclide
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Name the initial and final member o
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Plutonium: A) Occurs naturally B) I
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What is a use of a chelating agent?
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The periodic table lists: A) All el
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A radionuclide that is constantly b
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The target organ for consideration
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If Kr-90 is released from the stack
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In a radioactive decay process in w
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In a radioactive decay process in w
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A build-up factor equal to one in a
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Radiation in the visible spectrum t
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The energy distribution of alpha em
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Radium is considered to be a ______
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A proportional counter has enough v
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A Geiger counter should never have
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Proportional counters have gas ampl
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The primary function of a radiation
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What is the approximate efficiency
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For what reason is a mica window us
Page 621 and 622:
The function of a cascade impactor
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The "end window" on a Geiger-Muelle
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The term "acute radiation syndrome"
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A fundamental law in radiobiology t
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For transportation of radioactive m
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Which radiation monitoring device u
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The pancake GM probe is designed fo
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Human excreta containing medically
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What is a "phantom" in reference to
Page 639 and 640:
The Department of Transportation (D
Page 641 and 642:
Page 643 and 644:
Page 645 and 646:
KERMA is a unit of radiation measur
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How does the NRC regulate x-ray mac
Page 649 and 650:
The SI unit for radiation absorbed
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The SI unit of activity is the: A)
Page 653 and 654:
The underlying principle for radior
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As a charged particle loses energy
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What is the mathematical relationsh
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The "lapse rate" is the: A) Tempera
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The best data to use to estimate th
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What is a disadvantage of a long sa
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Given a reading of 100 mr/hr (gamma
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Which of the following is not a nat
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The occupational derived air concen
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What does an "alpha" emission consi
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A radium decay scheme is represente
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In the beta particle decay of stron
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What is a Roentgen? A) The amount o
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Why are the low atomic number mater
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The TLV for exposure to radiation f
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Which of the following series is an
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In an absorbing medium, one gray (1
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A one liter Marinelli air sample is
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If an atom is assembled from its co
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You have 400 millicuries of a radio
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The difference between x-rays and g
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A 7 mg/cm2 mylar window is used on
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Effects of acute radiation exposure
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What is the "threshold" of radiatio
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Page 703 and 704:
Most of the dose received by man fr
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For an isotope having an allowed co
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All of the following statements abo
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Isotopes are: A) different radionuc
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Which of the following has the high
Page 713 and 714:
Following electron capture, the fol
Page 715 and 716:
A technician surveys a shielded pur
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In the interaction of thermal neutr
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Which of the following organ system
Page 721 and 722:
Page 723 and 724:
Why are the dose equivalent limits
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Why is a child more radiosensitive
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If a large group of people receive
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What is the main factor determining
Page 731 and 732:
The range of a 2 MeV alpha particle
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An isotope is one of two or more at
Page 735 and 736:
The symbols Pa, Ga, Sn, Ni represen
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If the maximum beta particle energy
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The major source of radiation expos
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In the energy range from 0.1 to 5 M
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The Roentgen is a measure of: A) ab
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The antineutrino is associated with
Page 747 and 748:
The three types of blood cells in t
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The range of an alpha particle in t
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After four half-lives, the original
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Workers are exposed to a Cs-137 con
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Based on the 1990 BEIR V Report, th
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Based on the laws of Bergoinie and
Page 759 and 760:
Which one of the following lists th
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Genetic mutations are one possible
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The roentgen is equal to: A) 1.0 co
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Cancer induced by radon daughters i
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Unlike many man made materials, whe
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Deleterious effects caused by radia
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Cigarette smokers who smoke 1.5 pac
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Sr-85 is used in the treatment of b
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Uranium and Thorium decay products
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The relationship between the mass o
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The NRC defines a hot particle as a
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Uptake and retention of a radionucl
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An active person who eats a high fi
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Cesium-137 decays by emitting: A) t
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A mole of U-238 weighs: A) 238 amu
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The SI unit of energy is: A) Siever
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The nucleus transfers its energy to
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The formula for calculating specifi
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A radionuclide with a parent half-l
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As an alpha particle transverses a
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The average energy of a positron em
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The stopping power for electrons __
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Kerma is the sum of the initial kin
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The term used to describe a process
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Rn-220 is a member of which of the
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Which of the following naturally oc
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An absorbed dose of 3 rad results i
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Which of the following is equivalen
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The electron volt is: A) a unit of
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Which of the following does NOT aff
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If the half life of a radionuclide
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Which of the following is the BEST
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