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Which of the following thicknesses of materials would be the best choice for shielding a 5 Ci preparation of P-32? A) 1/8 inch of lead B) 1/4 inch of aluminum C) one foot of air D) one inch of lucite plastic E) any of the above The correct answer is: D P-32 is a "pure beta emitter" with a 14.82 day half-life and a 1.7 MeV Emax. It is typically used in therapeutic medical procedures. When shielding beta particles, low atomic number materials are used to reduce the probability of bremsstrahlung photons.
The linear attenuation coefficient of a shielding material for gamma photons varies depending on the density of the shielding material and: A) the mass of the shielding material B) the energy of the photon C) the photon yield D) the half-life of the isotope E) the half-life of the isotope The correct answer is: B The linear attenuation coefficient varies inversely with the incident photon energy over the typical range of photon energies found in applied radiation protection.
Page 1 and 2: For calculating dose to an organ fr
Page 3 and 4: The major radiological health conce
Page 5 and 6: A x-ray machine is operated in a cl
Page 7 and 8: The goal and future requirement reg
Page 9 and 10: A Pu-Be source should be stored: A)
Page 11 and 12: In the shielding equation I = Io e^
Page 13 and 14: Which of the following is the MOST
Page 15 and 16: How are tools or equipment transfer
Page 17 and 18: Which of the following surveys shou
Page 19 and 20: The following dosimetry should be w
Page 21 and 22: When using a charcoal cartridge wit
Page 23 and 24: The use of a Radioactive Yellow III
Page 25 and 26: Remediation of areas contaminated w
Page 27 and 28: Leak test of sealed radioactive sou
Page 29 and 30: The two organzations which review a
Page 31 and 32: Which of the following contributes
Page 33 and 34: Which of the following are distingu
Page 35 and 36: In planning shielding for walls of
Page 37 and 38: Most operating light water nuclear
Page 39: Which of the following is in the or
Page 43 and 44: If a shielding material has a half-
Page 45 and 46: The units used to express u/p (mu o
Page 47 and 48: Air sample results from an unoccupi
Page 49 and 50: The minimum recommended face veloci
Page 51 and 52: An air sampler is run for 45 minute
Page 53 and 54: A fixed air filter at a nuclear pow
Page 55 and 56: The agency which approves the desig
Page 57 and 58: A respirator containing a high effi
Page 59 and 60: The maximum allowable radiation lev
Page 61 and 62: At what level does loose alpha cont
Page 63 and 64: According to the BEIR V Report, the
Page 65 and 66: Allowable radiation and contaminati
Page 67 and 68: The four emergency classifications
Page 69 and 70: A technician responds with emergenc
Page 71 and 72: The amount of shielding required to
Page 73 and 74: The transport index is determined a
Page 75 and 76: The BEST shielding for a Phosphorus
Page 77 and 78: As a result of Three Mile Island ac
Page 79 and 80: Radioactive material may be transpo
Page 81 and 82: What is the attenuation coefficient
Page 83 and 84: The MAIN purpose of isokinetic samp
Page 85 and 86: A toluene and P-32 spill occurs in
Page 87 and 88: The dose buildup factor is 5 at the
Page 89 and 90: What is the appropriate method of u
Page 91 and 92:
Immediate telephone notification to
Page 93 and 94:
After shutdown of a particle accele
Page 95 and 96:
In a linear accelerator radiation s
Page 97 and 98:
Personnel monitoring equipment is r
Page 99 and 100:
A nurse drops a 30 millicurie liqui
Page 101 and 102:
An air sample is run at 2 cubic fee
Page 103 and 104:
In shielding sources which produce
Page 105 and 106:
Radioactive liquids may be transpor
Page 107 and 108:
The protection factor for an atmosp
Page 109 and 110:
A shield has to be constructed in f
Page 111 and 112:
Reactor chemistry samples are often
Page 113 and 114:
When sampling for radioactive fallo
Page 115 and 116:
One DAC-hour is approximately equal
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Which of the following materials wi
Page 119 and 120:
When is a neutron radiation survey
Page 121 and 122:
Why should swipes in a loose-surfac
Page 123 and 124:
World population exposures due to f
Page 125 and 126:
Strict adherence to ICRP Publicatio
Page 127 and 128:
ICRP recommends a weighting factor
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ICRP Publication 26 states, "No pra
Page 131 and 132:
To limit possible exposure to radia
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In emergency planning, a "protectiv
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State the purpose of the main steam
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The radionuclide that is the main c
Page 139 and 140:
If personnel with doses less than 1
Page 141 and 142:
Prior to 1988, explicit recommendat
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In general, the most important sour
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When communicating information rega
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The ordering of the following shiel
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Which of the following statements a
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If the most restrictive airborne ra
Page 153 and 154:
The maximum protection factor that
Page 155 and 156:
For regulatory compliance purposes,
Page 157 and 158:
The radionuclide used to improve op
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The target and filter material used
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Most newer mammographic units conta
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Theraputic radionuclides are used t
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Radiation leakage from an x-ray tub
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The dominant external radiation haz
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Power reactors do not routinely cou
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The occupation limit for radon expo
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Monitoring of nuclear power plant e
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Sample lines for plant vents must b
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The code of Federal Regulations, 40
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During the early phase of an accide
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A radioactive shipment is being pre
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The effective dose equivalent allow
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The amount of tritium allowed by 10
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An individual has received an intak
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The class "D" in Appendix B to part
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The concentration values given in T
Page 193 and 194:
The Department of Energy's yearly a
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A DOE radiation worker has a lifeti
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The best way to reduce the volume o
Page 199 and 200:
A Notice of Violation will not be i
Page 201 and 202:
After exposure rates from radioacti
Page 203 and 204:
The leakage radiation from a diagno
Page 205 and 206:
What neutron quality factor did the
Page 207 and 208:
According to 10 CFR 20 radiological
Page 209 and 210:
Which of the following Regulatory G
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Which of the following is NOT true
Page 213 and 214:
According to the EPA, a home should
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A shipment of radioactive materials
Page 217 and 218:
The tissue weighting factor for the
Page 219 and 220:
According to NUREG-0713, which of t
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According to 10 CFR 20 the definiti
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According to 10 CFR 20, how often d
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You work at a nuclear power plant,
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A safe geometry to prevent critical
Page 229 and 230:
Which of the following bioassay met
Page 231 and 232:
Radiobiological evidence suggests t
Page 233 and 234:
The "planned special exposure" prov
Page 235 and 236:
A female radiation worker declares
Page 237 and 238:
The iodine isotope that would deliv
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A Type A quantity of radioactive ma
Page 241 and 242:
When working with liquid solutions
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At a nuclear power reactor facility
Page 245 and 246:
Doses to the thyroid and whole body
Page 247 and 248:
The term "reference man" in health
Page 249 and 250:
According to 10 CFR 20 Appendix A,
Page 251 and 252:
The Radioactive Yellow II and III l
Page 253 and 254:
For an exclusive use, closed transp
Page 255 and 256:
Which of the following regulations
Page 257 and 258:
The sensitivity of photographic fil
Page 259 and 260:
If the DAC for Rn-222 is 3.0 E-8 mi
Page 261 and 262:
The full width at half maximum peak
Page 263 and 264:
What are the constituents of the fi
Page 265 and 266:
A meter reads 40,000 net cpm and th
Page 267 and 268:
According to ANSI N323-1978, portab
Page 269 and 270:
Common radionuclides used for the c
Page 271 and 272:
How long must a sample with a count
Page 273 and 274:
Quality factor is a function of the
Page 275 and 276:
A proper average quality factor for
Page 277 and 278:
A point source of 137-Cs with an ac
Page 279 and 280:
An individual breathes a concentrat
Page 281 and 282:
A person is standing in a semi-infi
Page 283 and 284:
Personnel dosimetry records must be
Page 285 and 286:
How is beta exposure determined in
Page 287 and 288:
The major internal pathway for radi
Page 289 and 290:
Which of the following radionuclide
Page 291 and 292:
Proportional counters operate at __
Page 293 and 294:
The sensitivity of a pressurized io
Page 295 and 296:
If 100 counts are recorded with a d
Page 297 and 298:
A tissue-equivalent chamber must: A
Page 299 and 300:
The full width at half maximum peak
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A stack is 5 feet in diameter, the
Page 303 and 304:
A sample counted for ten minutes re
Page 305 and 306:
The purpose of a "chi-squared" test
Page 307 and 308:
A worker is exposed to different ra
Page 309 and 310:
Assuming a maximum permissible dose
Page 311 and 312:
You measure the dose rate at a job
Page 313 and 314:
The exposure rate from a point sour
Page 315 and 316:
According to the ICRP, "ALI" stands
Page 317 and 318:
What happens to the noble gases aft
Page 319 and 320:
The detection of radioactive tritiu
Page 321 and 322:
The approximate exposure rate (R/hr
Page 323 and 324:
What materials are most commonly us
Page 325 and 326:
An individual breathes a concentrat
Page 327 and 328:
The MOST effective bioassay method
Page 329 and 330:
According to 10 CFR Part 20, the qu
Page 331 and 332:
When calibrating radiation detectio
Page 333 and 334:
Which of the following is the best
Page 335 and 336:
The DAC for inert gases is based on
Page 337 and 338:
The absorbed dose from the alpha pa
Page 339 and 340:
An Airborne Radioactivity Area must
Page 341 and 342:
Albedo dosimetry will function prop
Page 343 and 344:
What is the ionization region? A) t
Page 345 and 346:
The difference between x-ray and ne
Page 347 and 348:
Three different labs measure the sa
Page 349 and 350:
An ionization chamber which as a di
Page 351 and 352:
A NaI counting system would be appr
Page 353 and 354:
A person is standing in a semi-infi
Page 355 and 356:
The net counts observed from succes
Page 357 and 358:
For NaI and GeLi detectors, as gamm
Page 359 and 360:
Ar-41 is a noble gas which decays b
Page 361 and 362:
The exposure rate at two feet from
Page 363 and 364:
A worker spends 90 minutes in a fie
Page 365 and 366:
Obtaining reproducible results duri
Page 367 and 368:
A worker stands 12 feet from a gamm
Page 369 and 370:
Determine the mean of the following
Page 371 and 372:
The full width of a given photopeak
Page 373 and 374:
In the G-M region of a gas filled t
Page 375 and 376:
Which of the following materials is
Page 377 and 378:
The average number of ion pairs pro
Page 379 and 380:
An important advantage of using a h
Page 381 and 382:
The target organ for most transport
Page 383 and 384:
The short-lived Radon (Rn-222) deca
Page 385 and 386:
Which material is most likely to io
Page 387 and 388:
In a field of mixed neutron and gam
Page 389 and 390:
Tissue dose from thermal neutrons p
Page 391 and 392:
The provisions of ANSI N13.11-1983
Page 393 and 394:
If the skin were contaminated by an
Page 395 and 396:
Which statement is most accurate? A
Page 397 and 398:
Measurement uncertainty in a radiat
Page 399 and 400:
What is the most efficient ratio of
Page 401 and 402:
When performing in-vivo measurement
Page 403 and 404:
Gas and aerosol detectors (smoke de
Page 405 and 406:
To obtain count rates that will fal
Page 407 and 408:
Germanium-Lithium semiconductor det
Page 409 and 410:
One of the components of the liquid
Page 411 and 412:
A sample containing tritium, Carbon
Page 413 and 414:
Quenching effects in a liquid scint
Page 415 and 416:
A gamma spectrometer spectrum of a
Page 417 and 418:
You are analyzing a sample containi
Page 419 and 420:
To improve the efficiency of an ins
Page 421 and 422:
You are assigned to count a number
Page 423 and 424:
The method used to determine the am
Page 425 and 426:
In a gas filled detector a low volt
Page 427 and 428:
A gas-filled detector in which the
Page 429 and 430:
A semi-conductor is distinguished f
Page 431 and 432:
An "acceptor" substance in a semi-c
Page 433 and 434:
The secondary emission ratio of a p
Page 435 and 436:
Methods used to reduce the amount o
Page 437 and 438:
For protons and neutrons, most of t
Page 439 and 440:
A long counter is encased in a cadm
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Choose the BEST answer that describ
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In a photomultiplier tube with 7 dy
Page 445 and 446:
A dose of 20 rem from alpha radiati
Page 447 and 448:
The efficiency for collecting ion p
Page 449 and 450:
Which planchet material would yield
Page 451 and 452:
Which of the following reactions is
Page 453 and 454:
Which of the following has a densit
Page 455 and 456:
A 1Kg block of ice and a 1 Kg block
Page 457 and 458:
The difference between the energy 1
Page 459 and 460:
The process of transferring photon
Page 461 and 462:
Given a uniform disk source of radi
Page 463 and 464:
A photon with a linear attenuation
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The buildup factor used in shieldin
Page 467 and 468:
The half-value thickness for 1 MeV
Page 469 and 470:
BF3 gas filled detectors frequently
Page 471 and 472:
A GM detector with a resolving time
Page 473 and 474:
Electrons that are initially at res
Page 475 and 476:
For general area radiation surveys,
Page 477 and 478:
For a gas filled detector operating
Page 479 and 480:
For a typical NaI scintillation det
Page 481 and 482:
What is the approximate efficiency
Page 483 and 484:
The largest respirable particle is
Page 485 and 486:
A worker wearing a respirator with
Page 487 and 488:
The term solubility or transportabi
Page 489 and 490:
Which is the major factor in consid
Page 491 and 492:
The most important types of environ
Page 493 and 494:
The fraction of unattached radon de
Page 495 and 496:
Why is the thumb rule formula X = 6
Page 497 and 498:
A low energy alpha detector is usua
Page 499 and 500:
A sample of radioactive material is
Page 501 and 502:
A worker accidentally ingested one
Page 503 and 504:
Conjunctivitis may result from a we
Page 505 and 506:
Eventually, charged particles give
Page 507 and 508:
Gamma rays get their energy from: A
Page 509 and 510:
What is the usual unit of measureme
Page 511 and 512:
Normal background radiation exposur
Page 513 and 514:
Plutonium, taken into the circulato
Page 515 and 516:
The average person contains about 0
Page 517 and 518:
The current OSHA standard for far f
Page 519 and 520:
The fraction of atoms which undergo
Page 521 and 522:
The portion of the body most suscep
Page 523 and 524:
The gray is a quantity used to expr
Page 525 and 526:
A very thin windowed Geiger-Mueller
Page 527 and 528:
What is the charge produced in a 25
Page 529 and 530:
What is one of the special units us
Page 531 and 532:
When a charged particle strikes an
Page 533 and 534:
Which of the following is a Beta em
Page 535 and 536:
Which one of the following types of
Page 537 and 538:
What will the activity of 10 Ci of
Page 539 and 540:
Radon has been estimated to account
Page 541 and 542:
Two cost effective means available
Page 543 and 544:
Higher atomic weight (Z) elements t
Page 545 and 546:
Under the SI system there have been
Page 547 and 548:
Smokers have increased exposure to
Page 549 and 550:
When ionizing energy ejects an elec
Page 551 and 552:
What is the decay constant for Carb
Page 553 and 554:
A scintillation counter takes advan
Page 555 and 556:
Radioactive decay is said to be fir
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How long will it take for 200 Ci of
Page 559 and 560:
If an individual incurred a dose eq
Page 561 and 562:
A "pig" is a: A) Container used to
Page 563 and 564:
What is a "neutrino"? A) Massless p
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What is elastic scattering of a pho
Page 567 and 568:
What is the "photoelectric effect"
Page 569 and 570:
What happens to the incident photon
Page 571 and 572:
Which effect predominates in the 10
Page 573 and 574:
What effect predominates in the gre
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What is the SI unit of activity? A)
Page 577 and 578:
The equivalent energy for the rest
Page 579 and 580:
Which of the following is isobaric
Page 581 and 582:
Name the initial and final nuclide
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Name the initial and final member o
Page 585 and 586:
Plutonium: A) Occurs naturally B) I
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What is a use of a chelating agent?
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The periodic table lists: A) All el
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A radionuclide that is constantly b
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The target organ for consideration
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If Kr-90 is released from the stack
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In a radioactive decay process in w
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In a radioactive decay process in w
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A build-up factor equal to one in a
Page 603 and 604:
Radiation in the visible spectrum t
Page 605 and 606:
The energy distribution of alpha em
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Radium is considered to be a ______
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A proportional counter has enough v
Page 611 and 612:
A Geiger counter should never have
Page 613 and 614:
Proportional counters have gas ampl
Page 615 and 616:
The primary function of a radiation
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What is the approximate efficiency
Page 619 and 620:
For what reason is a mica window us
Page 621 and 622:
The function of a cascade impactor
Page 623 and 624:
The "end window" on a Geiger-Muelle
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The term "acute radiation syndrome"
Page 627 and 628:
A fundamental law in radiobiology t
Page 629 and 630:
For transportation of radioactive m
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Which radiation monitoring device u
Page 633 and 634:
The pancake GM probe is designed fo
Page 635 and 636:
Human excreta containing medically
Page 637 and 638:
What is a "phantom" in reference to
Page 639 and 640:
The Department of Transportation (D
Page 641 and 642:
Page 643 and 644:
Page 645 and 646:
KERMA is a unit of radiation measur
Page 647 and 648:
How does the NRC regulate x-ray mac
Page 649 and 650:
The SI unit for radiation absorbed
Page 651 and 652:
The SI unit of activity is the: A)
Page 653 and 654:
The underlying principle for radior
Page 655 and 656:
As a charged particle loses energy
Page 657 and 658:
What is the mathematical relationsh
Page 659 and 660:
The "lapse rate" is the: A) Tempera
Page 661 and 662:
The best data to use to estimate th
Page 663 and 664:
What is a disadvantage of a long sa
Page 665 and 666:
Given a reading of 100 mr/hr (gamma
Page 667 and 668:
Which of the following is not a nat
Page 669 and 670:
The occupational derived air concen
Page 671 and 672:
What does an "alpha" emission consi
Page 673 and 674:
A radium decay scheme is represente
Page 675 and 676:
In the beta particle decay of stron
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What is a Roentgen? A) The amount o
Page 679 and 680:
Why are the low atomic number mater
Page 681 and 682:
The TLV for exposure to radiation f
Page 683 and 684:
Which of the following series is an
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In an absorbing medium, one gray (1
Page 687 and 688:
A one liter Marinelli air sample is
Page 689 and 690:
If an atom is assembled from its co
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You have 400 millicuries of a radio
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The difference between x-rays and g
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A 7 mg/cm2 mylar window is used on
Page 697 and 698:
Effects of acute radiation exposure
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What is the "threshold" of radiatio
Page 701 and 702:
Page 703 and 704:
Most of the dose received by man fr
Page 705 and 706:
For an isotope having an allowed co
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All of the following statements abo
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Isotopes are: A) different radionuc
Page 711 and 712:
Which of the following has the high
Page 713 and 714:
Following electron capture, the fol
Page 715 and 716:
A technician surveys a shielded pur
Page 717 and 718:
In the interaction of thermal neutr
Page 719 and 720:
Which of the following organ system
Page 721 and 722:
Page 723 and 724:
Why are the dose equivalent limits
Page 725 and 726:
Why is a child more radiosensitive
Page 727 and 728:
If a large group of people receive
Page 729 and 730:
What is the main factor determining
Page 731 and 732:
The range of a 2 MeV alpha particle
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An isotope is one of two or more at
Page 735 and 736:
The symbols Pa, Ga, Sn, Ni represen
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If the maximum beta particle energy
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The major source of radiation expos
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In the energy range from 0.1 to 5 M
Page 743 and 744:
The Roentgen is a measure of: A) ab
Page 745 and 746:
The antineutrino is associated with
Page 747 and 748:
The three types of blood cells in t
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The range of an alpha particle in t
Page 751 and 752:
After four half-lives, the original
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Workers are exposed to a Cs-137 con
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Based on the 1990 BEIR V Report, th
Page 757 and 758:
Based on the laws of Bergoinie and
Page 759 and 760:
Which one of the following lists th
Page 761 and 762:
Genetic mutations are one possible
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The roentgen is equal to: A) 1.0 co
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Cancer induced by radon daughters i
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Unlike many man made materials, whe
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Deleterious effects caused by radia
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Cigarette smokers who smoke 1.5 pac
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Sr-85 is used in the treatment of b
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Uranium and Thorium decay products
Page 777 and 778:
The relationship between the mass o
Page 779 and 780:
The NRC defines a hot particle as a
Page 781 and 782:
Uptake and retention of a radionucl
Page 783 and 784:
An active person who eats a high fi
Page 785 and 786:
Cesium-137 decays by emitting: A) t
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A mole of U-238 weighs: A) 238 amu
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The SI unit of energy is: A) Siever
Page 791 and 792:
The nucleus transfers its energy to
Page 793 and 794:
The formula for calculating specifi
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A radionuclide with a parent half-l
Page 797 and 798:
As an alpha particle transverses a
Page 799 and 800:
The average energy of a positron em
Page 801 and 802:
The stopping power for electrons __
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Kerma is the sum of the initial kin
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The term used to describe a process
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Rn-220 is a member of which of the
Page 809 and 810:
Which of the following naturally oc
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An absorbed dose of 3 rad results i
Page 813 and 814:
Which of the following is equivalen
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The electron volt is: A) a unit of
Page 817 and 818:
Which of the following does NOT aff
Page 819 and 820:
If the half life of a radionuclide
Page 821:
Which of the following is the BEST
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