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A photon beam is reduced to 0.1 of its initial intensity by lead with a linear attenuation coefficient of 0.567/cm. What is the shielding thickness? A) 4.06 cm B) 2.30 cm C) 1.0 cm D) 0.567 cm E) 0.05 cm The correct answer is: A Use the shielding equation I = Io e^-(ux) and let Io = 1 So 0.1 = 1 e^-(0.567cm)(x) 0.1 = e^-(0.567cm)(x) ln(0.1) = -(0.567cm)(x) 4.06 cm = x
Air sample results from an unoccupied area show a constant concentration of radioactive material of 0.8 DAC. To comply with the requirements of 10 CFR 20, the radiation protection technologist must: A) post the area "Caution: Airborne Radioactivity Area" B) require any individual who may enter the area to wear a respiratory protection device C) take no action since the area is unoccupied D) post the area "Caution: Airborne Radioactivity Area" and "Respiratory Protection Required" E) post the area "Caution: Airborne Radioactivity Area" and require any individual who may enter the area to wear a respiratory protection device The correct answer is: C 10 CFR Part 20 requires posting of an airborne radioactivity area at 1 DAC or when an individual could receive 12 DAC-hours during the hours present in one week (this would be 0.3 DAC for a forty hour week in the area). Since the area is unoccupied and 1 DAC is not exceeded, no posting is required under Part 20.
Page 1 and 2: For calculating dose to an organ fr
Page 3 and 4: The major radiological health conce
Page 5 and 6: A x-ray machine is operated in a cl
Page 7 and 8: The goal and future requirement reg
Page 9 and 10: A Pu-Be source should be stored: A)
Page 11 and 12: In the shielding equation I = Io e^
Page 13 and 14: Which of the following is the MOST
Page 15 and 16: How are tools or equipment transfer
Page 17 and 18: Which of the following surveys shou
Page 19 and 20: The following dosimetry should be w
Page 21 and 22: When using a charcoal cartridge wit
Page 23 and 24: The use of a Radioactive Yellow III
Page 25 and 26: Remediation of areas contaminated w
Page 27 and 28: Leak test of sealed radioactive sou
Page 29 and 30: The two organzations which review a
Page 31 and 32: Which of the following contributes
Page 33 and 34: Which of the following are distingu
Page 35 and 36: In planning shielding for walls of
Page 37 and 38: Most operating light water nuclear
Page 39 and 40: Which of the following is in the or
Page 41 and 42: The linear attenuation coefficient
Page 43 and 44: If a shielding material has a half-
Page 45: The units used to express u/p (mu o
Page 49 and 50: The minimum recommended face veloci
Page 51 and 52: An air sampler is run for 45 minute
Page 53 and 54: A fixed air filter at a nuclear pow
Page 55 and 56: The agency which approves the desig
Page 57 and 58: A respirator containing a high effi
Page 59 and 60: The maximum allowable radiation lev
Page 61 and 62: At what level does loose alpha cont
Page 63 and 64: According to the BEIR V Report, the
Page 65 and 66: Allowable radiation and contaminati
Page 67 and 68: The four emergency classifications
Page 69 and 70: A technician responds with emergenc
Page 71 and 72: The amount of shielding required to
Page 73 and 74: The transport index is determined a
Page 75 and 76: The BEST shielding for a Phosphorus
Page 77 and 78: As a result of Three Mile Island ac
Page 79 and 80: Radioactive material may be transpo
Page 81 and 82: What is the attenuation coefficient
Page 83 and 84: The MAIN purpose of isokinetic samp
Page 85 and 86: A toluene and P-32 spill occurs in
Page 87 and 88: The dose buildup factor is 5 at the
Page 89 and 90: What is the appropriate method of u
Page 91 and 92: Immediate telephone notification to
Page 93 and 94: After shutdown of a particle accele
Page 95 and 96: In a linear accelerator radiation s
Page 97 and 98:
Personnel monitoring equipment is r
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A nurse drops a 30 millicurie liqui
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An air sample is run at 2 cubic fee
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In shielding sources which produce
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Radioactive liquids may be transpor
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The protection factor for an atmosp
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A shield has to be constructed in f
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Reactor chemistry samples are often
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When sampling for radioactive fallo
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One DAC-hour is approximately equal
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Which of the following materials wi
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When is a neutron radiation survey
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Why should swipes in a loose-surfac
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World population exposures due to f
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Strict adherence to ICRP Publicatio
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ICRP recommends a weighting factor
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ICRP Publication 26 states, "No pra
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To limit possible exposure to radia
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In emergency planning, a "protectiv
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State the purpose of the main steam
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The radionuclide that is the main c
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If personnel with doses less than 1
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Prior to 1988, explicit recommendat
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In general, the most important sour
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When communicating information rega
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The ordering of the following shiel
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Which of the following statements a
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If the most restrictive airborne ra
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The maximum protection factor that
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For regulatory compliance purposes,
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The radionuclide used to improve op
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The target and filter material used
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Most newer mammographic units conta
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Theraputic radionuclides are used t
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Radiation leakage from an x-ray tub
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The dominant external radiation haz
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Power reactors do not routinely cou
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The occupation limit for radon expo
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Monitoring of nuclear power plant e
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Sample lines for plant vents must b
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The code of Federal Regulations, 40
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During the early phase of an accide
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A radioactive shipment is being pre
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The effective dose equivalent allow
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The amount of tritium allowed by 10
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An individual has received an intak
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The class "D" in Appendix B to part
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The concentration values given in T
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The Department of Energy's yearly a
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A DOE radiation worker has a lifeti
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The best way to reduce the volume o
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A Notice of Violation will not be i
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After exposure rates from radioacti
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The leakage radiation from a diagno
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What neutron quality factor did the
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According to 10 CFR 20 radiological
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Which of the following Regulatory G
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Which of the following is NOT true
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According to the EPA, a home should
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A shipment of radioactive materials
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The tissue weighting factor for the
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According to NUREG-0713, which of t
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According to 10 CFR 20 the definiti
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According to 10 CFR 20, how often d
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You work at a nuclear power plant,
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A safe geometry to prevent critical
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Which of the following bioassay met
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Radiobiological evidence suggests t
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The "planned special exposure" prov
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A female radiation worker declares
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The iodine isotope that would deliv
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A Type A quantity of radioactive ma
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When working with liquid solutions
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At a nuclear power reactor facility
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Doses to the thyroid and whole body
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The term "reference man" in health
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According to 10 CFR 20 Appendix A,
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The Radioactive Yellow II and III l
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For an exclusive use, closed transp
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Which of the following regulations
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The sensitivity of photographic fil
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If the DAC for Rn-222 is 3.0 E-8 mi
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The full width at half maximum peak
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What are the constituents of the fi
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A meter reads 40,000 net cpm and th
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According to ANSI N323-1978, portab
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Common radionuclides used for the c
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How long must a sample with a count
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Quality factor is a function of the
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A proper average quality factor for
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A point source of 137-Cs with an ac
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An individual breathes a concentrat
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A person is standing in a semi-infi
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Personnel dosimetry records must be
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How is beta exposure determined in
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The major internal pathway for radi
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Which of the following radionuclide
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Proportional counters operate at __
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The sensitivity of a pressurized io
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If 100 counts are recorded with a d
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A tissue-equivalent chamber must: A
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The full width at half maximum peak
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A stack is 5 feet in diameter, the
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A sample counted for ten minutes re
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The purpose of a "chi-squared" test
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A worker is exposed to different ra
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Assuming a maximum permissible dose
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You measure the dose rate at a job
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The exposure rate from a point sour
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According to the ICRP, "ALI" stands
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What happens to the noble gases aft
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The detection of radioactive tritiu
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The approximate exposure rate (R/hr
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What materials are most commonly us
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An individual breathes a concentrat
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The MOST effective bioassay method
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According to 10 CFR Part 20, the qu
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When calibrating radiation detectio
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Which of the following is the best
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The DAC for inert gases is based on
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The absorbed dose from the alpha pa
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An Airborne Radioactivity Area must
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Albedo dosimetry will function prop
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What is the ionization region? A) t
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The difference between x-ray and ne
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Three different labs measure the sa
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An ionization chamber which as a di
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A NaI counting system would be appr
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A person is standing in a semi-infi
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The net counts observed from succes
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For NaI and GeLi detectors, as gamm
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Ar-41 is a noble gas which decays b
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The exposure rate at two feet from
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A worker spends 90 minutes in a fie
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Obtaining reproducible results duri
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A worker stands 12 feet from a gamm
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Determine the mean of the following
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The full width of a given photopeak
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In the G-M region of a gas filled t
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Which of the following materials is
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The average number of ion pairs pro
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An important advantage of using a h
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The target organ for most transport
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The short-lived Radon (Rn-222) deca
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Which material is most likely to io
Page 387 and 388:
In a field of mixed neutron and gam
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Tissue dose from thermal neutrons p
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The provisions of ANSI N13.11-1983
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If the skin were contaminated by an
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Which statement is most accurate? A
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Measurement uncertainty in a radiat
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What is the most efficient ratio of
Page 401 and 402:
When performing in-vivo measurement
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Gas and aerosol detectors (smoke de
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To obtain count rates that will fal
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Germanium-Lithium semiconductor det
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One of the components of the liquid
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A sample containing tritium, Carbon
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Quenching effects in a liquid scint
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A gamma spectrometer spectrum of a
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You are analyzing a sample containi
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To improve the efficiency of an ins
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You are assigned to count a number
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The method used to determine the am
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In a gas filled detector a low volt
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A gas-filled detector in which the
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A semi-conductor is distinguished f
Page 431 and 432:
An "acceptor" substance in a semi-c
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The secondary emission ratio of a p
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Methods used to reduce the amount o
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For protons and neutrons, most of t
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A long counter is encased in a cadm
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Choose the BEST answer that describ
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In a photomultiplier tube with 7 dy
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A dose of 20 rem from alpha radiati
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The efficiency for collecting ion p
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Which planchet material would yield
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Which of the following reactions is
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Which of the following has a densit
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A 1Kg block of ice and a 1 Kg block
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The difference between the energy 1
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The process of transferring photon
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Given a uniform disk source of radi
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A photon with a linear attenuation
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The buildup factor used in shieldin
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The half-value thickness for 1 MeV
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BF3 gas filled detectors frequently
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A GM detector with a resolving time
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Electrons that are initially at res
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For general area radiation surveys,
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For a gas filled detector operating
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For a typical NaI scintillation det
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What is the approximate efficiency
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The largest respirable particle is
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A worker wearing a respirator with
Page 487 and 488:
The term solubility or transportabi
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Which is the major factor in consid
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The most important types of environ
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The fraction of unattached radon de
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Why is the thumb rule formula X = 6
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A low energy alpha detector is usua
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A sample of radioactive material is
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A worker accidentally ingested one
Page 503 and 504:
Conjunctivitis may result from a we
Page 505 and 506:
Eventually, charged particles give
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Gamma rays get their energy from: A
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What is the usual unit of measureme
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Normal background radiation exposur
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Plutonium, taken into the circulato
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The average person contains about 0
Page 517 and 518:
The current OSHA standard for far f
Page 519 and 520:
The fraction of atoms which undergo
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The portion of the body most suscep
Page 523 and 524:
The gray is a quantity used to expr
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A very thin windowed Geiger-Mueller
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What is the charge produced in a 25
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What is one of the special units us
Page 531 and 532:
When a charged particle strikes an
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Which of the following is a Beta em
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Which one of the following types of
Page 537 and 538:
What will the activity of 10 Ci of
Page 539 and 540:
Radon has been estimated to account
Page 541 and 542:
Two cost effective means available
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Higher atomic weight (Z) elements t
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Under the SI system there have been
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Smokers have increased exposure to
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When ionizing energy ejects an elec
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What is the decay constant for Carb
Page 553 and 554:
A scintillation counter takes advan
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Radioactive decay is said to be fir
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How long will it take for 200 Ci of
Page 559 and 560:
If an individual incurred a dose eq
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A "pig" is a: A) Container used to
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What is a "neutrino"? A) Massless p
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What is elastic scattering of a pho
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What is the "photoelectric effect"
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What happens to the incident photon
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Which effect predominates in the 10
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What effect predominates in the gre
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What is the SI unit of activity? A)
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The equivalent energy for the rest
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Which of the following is isobaric
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Name the initial and final nuclide
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Name the initial and final member o
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Plutonium: A) Occurs naturally B) I
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What is a use of a chelating agent?
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The periodic table lists: A) All el
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A radionuclide that is constantly b
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The target organ for consideration
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If Kr-90 is released from the stack
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In a radioactive decay process in w
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In a radioactive decay process in w
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A build-up factor equal to one in a
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Radiation in the visible spectrum t
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The energy distribution of alpha em
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Radium is considered to be a ______
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A proportional counter has enough v
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A Geiger counter should never have
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Proportional counters have gas ampl
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The primary function of a radiation
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What is the approximate efficiency
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For what reason is a mica window us
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The function of a cascade impactor
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The "end window" on a Geiger-Muelle
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The term "acute radiation syndrome"
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A fundamental law in radiobiology t
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For transportation of radioactive m
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Which radiation monitoring device u
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The pancake GM probe is designed fo
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Human excreta containing medically
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What is a "phantom" in reference to
Page 639 and 640:
The Department of Transportation (D
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Page 645 and 646:
KERMA is a unit of radiation measur
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How does the NRC regulate x-ray mac
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The SI unit for radiation absorbed
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The SI unit of activity is the: A)
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The underlying principle for radior
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As a charged particle loses energy
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What is the mathematical relationsh
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The "lapse rate" is the: A) Tempera
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The best data to use to estimate th
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What is a disadvantage of a long sa
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Given a reading of 100 mr/hr (gamma
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Which of the following is not a nat
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The occupational derived air concen
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What does an "alpha" emission consi
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A radium decay scheme is represente
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In the beta particle decay of stron
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What is a Roentgen? A) The amount o
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Why are the low atomic number mater
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The TLV for exposure to radiation f
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Which of the following series is an
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In an absorbing medium, one gray (1
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A one liter Marinelli air sample is
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If an atom is assembled from its co
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You have 400 millicuries of a radio
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The difference between x-rays and g
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A 7 mg/cm2 mylar window is used on
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Effects of acute radiation exposure
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What is the "threshold" of radiatio
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Most of the dose received by man fr
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For an isotope having an allowed co
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All of the following statements abo
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Isotopes are: A) different radionuc
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Which of the following has the high
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Following electron capture, the fol
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A technician surveys a shielded pur
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In the interaction of thermal neutr
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Which of the following organ system
Page 721 and 722:
Page 723 and 724:
Why are the dose equivalent limits
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Why is a child more radiosensitive
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If a large group of people receive
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What is the main factor determining
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The range of a 2 MeV alpha particle
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An isotope is one of two or more at
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The symbols Pa, Ga, Sn, Ni represen
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If the maximum beta particle energy
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The major source of radiation expos
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In the energy range from 0.1 to 5 M
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The Roentgen is a measure of: A) ab
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The antineutrino is associated with
Page 747 and 748:
The three types of blood cells in t
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The range of an alpha particle in t
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After four half-lives, the original
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Workers are exposed to a Cs-137 con
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Based on the 1990 BEIR V Report, th
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Based on the laws of Bergoinie and
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Which one of the following lists th
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Genetic mutations are one possible
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The roentgen is equal to: A) 1.0 co
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Cancer induced by radon daughters i
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Unlike many man made materials, whe
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Deleterious effects caused by radia
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Cigarette smokers who smoke 1.5 pac
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Sr-85 is used in the treatment of b
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Uranium and Thorium decay products
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The relationship between the mass o
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The NRC defines a hot particle as a
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Uptake and retention of a radionucl
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An active person who eats a high fi
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Cesium-137 decays by emitting: A) t
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A mole of U-238 weighs: A) 238 amu
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The SI unit of energy is: A) Siever
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The nucleus transfers its energy to
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The formula for calculating specifi
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A radionuclide with a parent half-l
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As an alpha particle transverses a
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The average energy of a positron em
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The stopping power for electrons __
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Kerma is the sum of the initial kin
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The term used to describe a process
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Rn-220 is a member of which of the
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Which of the following naturally oc
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An absorbed dose of 3 rad results i
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Which of the following is equivalen
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The electron volt is: A) a unit of
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Which of the following does NOT aff
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If the half life of a radionuclide
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Which of the following is the BEST
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