Wheat Flour

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2. USES OF WHEAT OTHER THAN FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION 2.1 Animal feed Approximately 17–20% of global wheat production is used for feeding animals and poultry. Although wheat is not the main feed ingredient worldwide, increasing demand for meat, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, has led to an increasing need for proteins to feed poultry, pigs and cattle. Accordingly, an increase in the livestock population requires an increase in the production of feed grain. Figure 2: World livestock and poultry inventories (thousand head) 1,000,000 900,000 800,000 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 20,000,000 18,000,000 16,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 Source: FAOSTAT 2.2 Biofuels During the last decade, the growing consumption and prices of oil and petroleum and related biofuels policies 4 led to a substantial increase in grain usage for bioethanol production. According to FAO-OECD estimates, approximately 93 million tons of wheat and coarse grains were used for ethanol production in 2007, double the amount used in 2005 (OECD-FAO, 2008). This represents more than half of the total growth in wheat and coarse grain usage. <strong>Wheat</strong>, among other cereal crops, yields less ethanol per 1 ton of feedstock used or 1 ha of land cultivated (Table 5). While in the United States maize is the primary feedstock for bioethanol plants, in the EU the main feedstock is wheat. 4 For more information, please refer to Biofuels: prospects, risks and opportunities. The State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA) Report 2008 http://www.fao.org/publications/sofa/en/ 15
Table 5: Bioethanol yields from different grain crops Feedstock cereal Cereal yield ton/ha Conversion kg of ethanol/1 ton Biofuel yield ton/ha Maize 4.9 400 1,960 Rice 4.2 430 1,806 <strong>Wheat</strong> 2.8 340 952 Sorghum 1.3 380 494 Source: FAO State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA) Report 2008 16
Page 1 and 2: Wheat Flour agribusiness handbook
Page 3 and 4: This handbook is part of a series o
Page 6: INTRODUCTION Wheat is grown in most
Page 9 and 10: sowing dates or increased rainfall,
Page 11 and 12: 1.4 Costs and margins of wheat prod
Page 13 and 14: Table 3: Wheat: world balance (mill
Page 18 and 19: 3. WORLD WHEAT TRADE 3.1 Wheat pric
Page 20 and 21: the main buyers of medium- and low-
Page 22 and 23: and reached USD 68/ton by May 2007.
Page 24 and 25: 4. WHEAT FLOUR After harvesting, wh
Page 26 and 27: At the flour mill, the wheat is alw
Page 28 and 29: The ability of wheat millers to hed
Page 30 and 31: 5. WORLD WHEAT FLOUR TRADE Wheat gr
Page 32 and 33: Figure 11: Kazakhstani wheat flour
Page 34: Figure 13: Correlation of EXW wheat
Page 37 and 38: Winter wheat accounts for most of t
Page 39 and 40: Figure 16: Livestock (left axis) an
Page 41 and 42: Soviet Union (FSU) countries have s
Page 43 and 44: to large-scale flour mills and appr
Page 45 and 46: Figure 20: Wheat output in the WBCs
Page 47 and 48: Despite technological innovations,
Page 49 and 50: Figure 27: Imports of maize flour t
Page 52: 8. FURTHER READING AND INFORMATION

Wheat Flour

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