Leaf-inhabiting genera of the Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales - CBS

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Le a f-i n h a b i t i n g g e n e r a o f t h e Gn o m o n i a c e a e, Di a p o r t h a l e s brown. Colonies on MEA attaining 60 mm diam after 40 d at 23 °C, flat, pale brown to dark brown, smooth with scant aerial mycelium; margin diffuse, wavy; reverse pale brown to dark brown. Colonies on MYA attaining 40 mm after 40 d at 23 °C, flat or radially furrowed, greyish brown or pale brown to dark brown, velvety, with scant droplets of clear exudate; margin well-defined, even or broadly wavy; reverse dark brown. Cultures incubated at 2/10 °C dark/light regime produce sterile perithecia after 4.5 mo on MEA and MYA but not on PDA. Perithecia remain sterile. Habitat: On overwintered fallen or hanging leaves of Corylus californica (A. DC.) Rose (Betulaceae). Distribution: Canada (British Columbia) and U.S.A. (WA). Holotype: U.S.A., Washington, Mason Co., Potlatch State Park, next to U.S. route 101, on overwintered fallen leaves, 16 May 2006, M.V. Sogonov MS0364 (BPI 877465A, ex-type culture AR 4287 = CBS 121246) GenBank EU254786. Additional specimens examined: Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Goldstream Provincial Park, on veins of overwintered but still hanging leaves, 11 May 2006, M.V. Sogonov MS0408b (BPI 877526C, culture AR 4336 = CBS 121265); U.S.A., Washington, Mason Co., Potlatch State Park, on overwintered leaves, 16 May 2006, M.V. Sogonov MS0363 (BPI 877466A, culture AR 4285 = CBS 121244). Notes: Specimens previously identified as Gnomonia gnomon on Corylus in North America may actually be G. neognomon or G. pendulorum. Gnomonia orcispora Sogonov, sp. nov. MycoBank MB 512164. Figs 5C–H; 6D–F; 7P–X. Perithecia 150–280 µm alta × 160–310 µm diam. Rostrum usque ad 350 µm longum, basi 32–42 µm diam, apice 24–29 µm diam. Ascosporae ovales, inaequilaterae, (14–)15.5–17.5(–19.5) × (4.5–) 5–5.5(–6) µm. Ad plerumque Gnomoniae speciebus ascosporae longitudine latitudineque differt. Ascosporae longitudo latitudoque similares G. ostryae, sed ascosporis in extremitatibus hilo terminatis et guttulis majoribus in ascosporae cellulis differt. Holotypus: BPI 877465C. Anamorph: Unknown. Etymology: Refers to the appearance of spores from Latin orca (barrel-shaped) and spora (spore). Perithecia solitary, without stroma, hypophyllous, loosely scattered on blades and veins, immersed at first, erumpent at maturity, black, spherical when moist, 150–280 µm high × 160–310 µm diam, concave when dry. Necks marginal, straight or slightly sinuous, absent at ascospore formation, growing at maturity of ascospores, reaching 350 µm long, 32–42 µm wide at base, 24–29 µm wide at apex. Asci oval to fusiform, (53–)58.5–62.5(–69.5) × (19.5–) 20–20.5(–22) µm (mean = 61 × 20.5, SD 5.9, 0.9, n=5), apical ring 5–5.5 µm diam, with eight ascospores with eight ascospores evenly or slightly unevenly parallel. Ascospores oval, inequilateral, (14–)15.5–17.5(–19.5) × (4.5–)5–5.5(–6) µm (mean = 16.5 × 5, SD 1.1, 0.4, n=45), l:w (2.8–)3–3.3(–3.7) (mean = 3.2, SD 0.2, n=45), two-celled, constricted at septum, septum located at (54–)59–63(– 66) % (mean = 61, SD 3, n=45) of ascospore length, ends blunt, rounded or somewhat truncated, each cell with two large guttules; appendages navicular, large to 15 μm long, 8 μm wide but very thin and often indistinct, with base surrounded by a pronounced hilum on ascospore wall. Cultures: Two cultures (CBS 121247 and AR 4286) differ significantly in their morphology. CBS 121247: Colonies on PDA attaining 18 mm diam after 40 d at 23 °C, irregularly furrowed, shortly velvety, dark brown and dark grey to almost black, with whitish submerged mycelium at margin; margin diffuse, irregular; reverse dark brown, almost black with orange-brown to whitish margins. Colonies on MEA attaining 17 mm diam after 40 d at 23 °C, flat, glabrous with scant aerial mycelium, black with dark brown margins; margin clear, slightly wavy; black with dark brown margins. AR 4286: Colonies on PDA attaining 33 mm diam after 40 d at 23 °C, radially furrowed, velvety, whitish to greyish orange, with droplets of clear exudate; margin well-defined, slightly wavy; reverse reddish orange to dark brown; agar stained with orange pigment. Colonies on MEA attaining 15 mm diam after 40 d at 23 °C, slightly radially furrowed, greyish orange overlaid by white short felty aerial mycelium; margin welldefined, slightly wavy; reverse reddish orange. Sterile perithecia observed in CBS 121247 incubated at 2/10 °C dark/light regime for 4.5 mo on MYA. Habitat: On overwintered fallen or still hanging leaves of Corylus californica (Betulaceae). Distribution: Canada (British Columbia) and U.S.A. (WA). Holotype: U.S.A., Washington, Mason Co., Potlatch State Park, next to U.S. route 101, on overwintered fallen leaves, 16 May 2006, M.V. Sogonov MS0364b (BPI 877465C, ex-type culture CBS 121247). Additional specimen examined: Canada, British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Goldstream Provincial Park, on overwintered but still hanging leaves, 11 May 2006, M.V.Sogonov MS0408 (BPI 877526A) GenBank EU254789; U.S.A., Washington, Mason Co., Potlatch State Park, on overwintered fallen leaves, 16 May 2006, M.V. Sogonov MS0363a culture AR 4286 (BPI 877466B). Notes: Perithecia of Gnomonia orcispora have marginal necks and are thus distinct from other species of Gnomonia on Corylus in North America. Gnomonia ostryae De Not., Sfer. Ital. cent. 1, fasc. 1: 42. 1863. 5. 8I–L; 6G–H; 8A–H. ≡ Apiognomonia ostryae (De Not.) M. Monod, Beih. Sydowia 9: 50 1983. = Gnomonia veneta Speg., Michelia 1: 457. 1879. Perithecia solitary, without stroma, hypophyllous, on leaf blade or veins, in loose irregular groups, immersed at first, erumpent later, black, oblate or suboblate when moist, 130–200 µm high × 170–260 µm diam, concave when dry. Necks eccentric to marginal, slightly curved, 175–290 µm long, 25–45 µm wide at base, 25–45 µm wide at apex. Asci fusiform, 49–57 × 12–16 µm, apical ring 2.9–3.8 µm diam, with eight ascospores arranged irregularly multiseriate to obliquely uniseriate. Ascospores varying from fusiform with both ends gradually tapering although rounded at tips to oblanceolate or obovoid, broadened in upper part, with distal end extensively rounded or smoothly truncated, inequilateral, (12.5–)15–17(–20.5) × (3–)3.5–4.5(–6) µm (mean = 16 × 4, SD 1.5, 0.5, n=90), l:w (3–)3.6–4.1(–4.9) (mean = 3.9, SD 0.4), two-celled, constricted at www.studiesinmycology.org 25
So g o n o v e t a l. Fig. 8. Culture morphology. A–H. Gnomonia ostryae CBS 121242. I, J. G. pendulorum ex-type CBS 121264. K–P. G. rodmanii ex-type CBS 121909. A–F, I–P. Colony habit, 40 d, 23 ºC. A, C, E, I, K, M, O. Surface. B, D, F, J, L, N, P. Reverse. G. Conidiomata, 4 mo, 2/10 ºC. H. Conidia, 4.5 mo, 2/10 ºC. A, B, G, H, K, L. PDA. C, D, M, N. MEA. E, F, I, J, O, P. MYA. Scale: A–F, I–P. 1 cm. G. 200 μm. H. 10 μm. septum, septum located at (55–)62–65(–71) % (mean = 63, SD 3) of ascospore length, ascospore cells usually with two large or/and several small guttules; appendages subulate 2–5 µm long. Cultures: Colonies on PDA attaining 30 mm diam after 40 d at 23 °C, radially furrowed, felty orange-white to greyish orange in central part, velvety, dark brownish grey at margin; droplets of clear exudate present all over the colony but more abundant at margin; margin well-defined, crenate; reverse dark brown with pale brown patterns. Colonies on MEA attaining 50 mm diam after 40 d at 23 °C, flat, superficial, with almost no aerial mycelium, greyish orange, with tufts of orange-white aerial mycelium in central part; margins submerged; margin irregular; reverse greyish orange. Colonies on MYA attaining 30 mm diam after 40 d at 23 °C, radially furrowed, short felty orange-grey in central part, velvety, dark brownish grey at margin; droplets of clear exudate present all over the colony but more abundant at margin; margin well-defined, crenate; reverse dark brown with pale brown patterns. No perithecia observed in cultures at 2/10 °C dark/light regime. Cultures on PDA after 8 mo at 2/10°C regime produce amorphous slimy conidiomata. Conidia oval or allantoid, 4.9–7.1 × 1.9–2.7 µm. Habitat: On overwintered leaves of Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. (Betulaceae). Distribution: Europe (Bulgaria, Italy, Switzerland). Specimens examined: Italy, Varone near Riva (Valsesia), Garda-See, May 1900, H. Rehm (BPI 611536). Switzerland, Ticino, Monte San Salvatore, 28 May 2005, M.V. Sogonov MS0204, culture CBS 121242 (BPI 871051) GenBank EU254790. Notes: The asexual state of Gnomonia ostryae has been placed in Cylindrosporella (Monod, 1983). The varieties of G. ostryae as Apiognomonia ostryae defined by Monod (1983) are herein recognised as distinct species. Gnomonia pendulorum Sogonov, sp. nov. MycoBank MB 512165, Figs 8I,J; 9A,B; 10A,B. Perithecia 230–280 µm alta × 470–580 µm diam. Rostrum 770–970 µm longum, basi 65–70 µm diam, apice 40–55 µm diam. Ascosporae fusiformes, leviter curvatae, (20–)21–22(– 23)×(2.5–)3(–3.5) µm, L:l (6–)7–7.5(–8). Similares G. gnomon, sed ascosporae latioribus et perithecii rostris longioribus differt. Holotypus: BPI 877526B. Anamorph: Unknown. Etymology: Refers to the fact that perithecia of this species were found on hanging, overwintered leaves. Perithecia solitary, without stroma, hypophyllous, mostly on major veins, immersed at first, later erumpent, black, suboblate when moist, 230–280 µm high × 470–580 µm diam, concave when dry. 26
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