The Odyssey in ArtArtists have been representing images from the Odysseysince the seventh century b.c., when Greek artistspainted Odyssean images and scenes as decoration onceramic urns and vases. Since then, artists havecontinued to tell Odysseus’ story in painting,sculpture, and other media.Throughout the unit, you will see how numerousartists have interpreted this epic in a range of styles andforms. As you look at the art illustrating each episode,ask yourself what the artists were trying to show abouteach part of the story and what their own attitudestoward characters and events may have been.Looking at Art You’ve seen how understanding awriter’s craft can help you appreciate the beauty andmeaning of a literary text. In the same way, knowingabout artists’ techniques can help you understand andappreciate their work. The following list of terms andrelated questions may help you identify and thinkabout the choices each artist made. Consider howthese choices have contributed to the meaning andbeauty of each piece.Landscapes When you look at a Homeric landscape,ask questions like the ones that follow. See if theanswers help you understand each artist’s purpose.• Which of the following two landscapes is morerealistic? How so?• What material has each artist used? Which do youprefer, and why?• Look at the composition of each piece. What partof the scene is emphasized in the painting? What isemphasized in the collage?• Describe the mood and tone of each piece. Which ismore lush, and which is more spare? Consider thetechniques that created these differences.TermcompositionmaterialfunctioncolorlineshapetexturescalerepresentationQuestionsWhat shape or space is emphasized?Has the artist used paint, clay, pencil,ink, or some other material?Is the piece useful, decorative, or both?Does the piece have a broad palette(range of colors) or a limited one?Are the lines clean, simple, rough,ornate, or jagged?Does the piece have large, bold shapesor smaller, more complex ones?Are they geometric or organic (freeform)?In painting, are the brush strokesdistinct or smooth looking?In sculpture or ceramics, is the surfacepolished or rough?Does the piece show large things orsmall ones?Are the images realistic, stylized, orabstract?200s: Ulysses and the Sirens, Roman. Mosaic, 130 cm x 344 cm.Musée du Bardo, Tunis, Tunisia. © Bridgeman Art Library.About 1650: Ulysses Returns Chryseis to Her Father, ClaudeLorrain. Oil painting.1092 unit 11: the odyssey
Homer’s WorldPortraiture As you look at a portrait, ask yourself whatthe image suggests about the character or charactersbeing depicted. Try to identify the techniques thathelped the artist create that impression.• What does the position of the characters tell youabout the scene rendered in terra cotta?• Consider the difference in dimension between thetwo pieces; one is flat, while the other is in relief.How does that difference affect the feel of each piece?• The pastel drawing is a highly abstract figure, asopposed to a realistic one. What do you think of it?Why might an artist choose such an abstract style?Narrative Art Most of the artwork in this selectiontells a story in one way or another. Consider how theartist’s choices affect your sense of the events portrayedin each work.• One of the following pieces is a decorative scenepainted on a useful object, and the other is a bookillustration. How does each piece’s function affectits style?• Compare the backgrounds on which the two scenesare painted. How does each background affect theway you view and understand the scene?• Which scene makes more sense to you? Explain.About 460–450 b.c.: Terracotta plaque showing thereturn of OdysseusAbout 450–440 b.c.: Clay urn showing Odysseus slayingPenelope’s suitorsAbout 1915: Illustrationfrom Tales of the Godsand Heroes by SirG. W. Cox, Innes Fripp.Hermes, messenger ofZeus, urges the nymphCalypso to releaseOdysseus.1931–1932: Ulysses,Georges Braque. Pasteldrawing.homer’s world 1093
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