Before Readingfrom Le Morte d’ArthurThe Crowning of ArthurSir Launcelot du LakeRomance by Sir Thomas MaloryRetold by Keith BainesCould you be a knight?KEY IDEA The time of knights—roughly 1100 to 1400—is often calledthe age of chivalry. The term chivalry refers to the code of conductthat medieval knights were expected to follow. Chivalry promotedthe idea of the knight as both a warrior and a gentleman. He wasto be courageous, honest, loyal, generous to enemies, and protectiveof women and the weak. In the following selections, you will readabout the legendary King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Tableand see how they lived up to the standards of medieval knighthood.DISCUSS Could you be a knight? With a partner, discussthe traits associated with knights. Then try to provideexamples from your own life that demonstrate eachtrait. Afterward, review your partner’s responses. Four orfive examples mean that he or she is worthy to join thecompany of the Round Table.ChivalricTraits1. Courage2. Honesty3. Loyalty4. GenerosityMyExamples5. KindnessFPO1010
literary analysis: medieval romanceIn the 12th century, a new literary form—the romance—developed in France and spread throughout Europe. The mainpurpose of a romance was to recount the heroic deeds ofknights and to celebrate their chivalric way of life. A famousromance is Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur, whichfeatures King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. As youread the selections, notice the conventions of medieval romance:• idealized noble characters• exaggerated or larger-than-life behavior• a hero’s quest, which is motivated by love, religious faith,or a desire for adventure• supernatural or magical elements• unusual or exotic settings• incidents involving hidden or mistaken identityreading skill: evaluateThe chivalric code is of great importance in the world Malorydescribes. As you read, evaluate, or make judgments about,how well the main characters follow the code. Complete achart like the one shown. For each character listed, place acheck mark by the chivalric traits he demonstrates.CourageHonestyLoyaltyGenerosityKindnessvocabulary in contextThe following words are used in the selections. Some of thesewords may seem unusual or antiquated. Review the list, notingany familiar roots, prefixes, and suffixes that might help youunlock the meanings of the words.wordlistUther Arthur Launcelot TarquineabashadversaryfidelityignominiouslyprowessrecompensesuccessionvindicateA Knight Himself The man who wroteLe Morte d’Arthur called himself “Syr ThomasMaleore, knight.” He also indicated thathe completed this work in the ninth yearof Edward IV’s reign (1469 or 1470), andhe added a prayer that he be deliveredfrom prison. Although his precise identityremains uncertain, most historians believehim to be Sir Thomas Malory (1405?– 1471),an English knight who lived at the end ofthe Middle Ages.Behind Bars As a youth, Malory foughtbravely for England during the HundredYears’ War with France. In the 1440s,however, he embarked on a life of crime.From 1451 on, Malory was imprisoned severaltimes, accused of such crimes as highwayrobbery and attempted murder. In 1462, hejoined rebel forces opposing Edward IV in theWars of the Roses. Accused of treason, hespent the remainder of his life in London’sNewgate Prison, where historians believe hewrote Le Morte d’Arthur.more about the authorFor more on Sir Thomas Malory, visitthe Literature Center at ClassZone.com.BackgroundLegendary King The legend of King Arthuris one of the most popular and enduringlegends in Western culture. Some scholarsbelieve the tales of King Arthur wereinspired by the heroic deeds of an actualCeltic chieftain or warlord who defendedBritain against Anglo-Saxon (Germanic)invaders during the 5th or 6th century.However, the historical Arthur wasundoubtedly very different from the kingof legend, who ruled an idealized world ofknights, damsels, and dragons.The earliest tales of Arthur come fromWelsh literature. Malory drew upon theseancient tales and several 13th-centuryFrench romances in writing Le Morted’Arthur. Most English-speaking readersknow of the Arthurian legend through thiswork or one of its modern retellings.le morte d’arthur 1011
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