Programme of studies Philosophy Department - St. Thomas Aquinas ...

ST THOMAS AQUINAS’ MAJOR SEMINARY, BAMBUIPROGRAMME OF STUDIESPHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENTThis Provincial Seminary, Saint Thomas Aquinas’ Major Seminary, Bambui, wasestablished on Saturday, 15 th September, 1973, on the initiative of the Bishops ofwhat is now the Ecclesiastical Province of Bamenda, with the prior authorization ofthe Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples; but it was not until 14 thOctober, 1977, that by decree Prot. No. 4684/77, the same Congregation declaredthis Seminary canonically and definitely approved and erected.The importance of intellectual formation of future priests as one of those majorpillars of priestly training cannot be over-emphasized. In his Apostolic Exhortationon the Formation of Priests, (Pastores Dabo Vobis, no. 51), Pope John Paul IIemphasizing on the importance of intellectual formation for Seminarians said:The intellectual formation of candidates for the priesthood findsits specific justification in the very nature of the ordainedministry, and the challenge of the “new evangelization” to whichour Lord is calling the Church on the threshold of the thirdmillennium shows just how important this formation is. …Thepresent situation is heavily marked by religious indifference, by awidespread mistrust regarding the real capacity of reason to reachobjective and universal truth, and by fresh problems andquestions brought up by scientific and technological discoveries. Itstrongly demands a high level of intellectual formation, such aswill enable priests to proclaim, in a context like this, thechangeless Gospel of Christ and to make it credible to thelegitimate demands of human reason. Moreover, there is thepresent phenomenon of pluralism which is very marked in thefield not only of human society but also of the community of theChurch herself. It demands special attention to criticaldiscernment: it is further reason showing the need for anextremely rigorous intellectual formation.It is certainly for the above reasons too that the Bishops of the EcclesiasticalProvince of Bamenda, who are so concerned about the solid intellectual formationof their priests, together with the team of formators of this seminary, saw the needof an affiliation to a Catholic University that is faithful to the directives of theSacred Congregation for Catholic Education. They therefore took the initiative to

apply for an affiliation to the Pontifical Urban University, Rome, and by decree No.902/78/2 issued at Rome on December 1 st , 1978, the Congregation for CatholicEducation declared the Philosophy Department of St. Thomas Aquinas’ MajorSeminary, Bambui, to be an Affiliate of the Philosophy Faculty of the PontificalUrban University, Rome.This Programme of Studies for Philosophy Department in STAMS, has beenprepared taking into consideration the directives of the Sacred Constitutions of theSecond Vatican Council on The Decree on the Training of Priests (OptatamTotius,no. 14-15) which states that:In the revision of ecclesiastical studies the main object to be kept inmind is a more effective coordination of philosophy and theology sothat they supplement one another in revealing to the minds of thestudents with ever increasing clarity the Mystery of Christ, whichaffects the whole course of human history, exercises an unceasinginfluence on the Church, and operates mainly through the ministry ofthe priest.Philosophical subjects should be taught in such a way as to lead thestudents gradually to a solid and consistent knowledge of man, theworld and God. The students should rely on that philosophicalpatrimony which is forever valid, but should also take account ofmodern philosophical studies, especially those which have greaterinfluence in their own country, as well as recent progress in thesciences. Thus, by correctly understanding the modern mind, studentswill be prepared to enter into dialogue with theircontemporaries…while being able to detect and refute those that arefalse.It is in the light of what The Decree on the Training of Priests (O.T.) says above andwith the awareness that the study of philosophy as a crucial stage of the intellectualformation of future priests that our Seminary tries as much as possible to have thestudents well grounded in philosophy so as to better prepare their minds fortheological studies and to deepen their understanding and interpretation of theperson, and of the person’s freedom and relationships with the world and withGod, and also to enrich their intellectual formation in the “cult of truth”.(Cf.Pastores Dabo Vobis, no 52).It is our ardent hope that the team of formators and the Seminarians of STAMS willfind this revised Programme of Studies for Philosophy useful.STAGES AND METHOD OF INTELLECTUAL FORMATION.

There are two major stages in the seminarian’s intellectual formation.During the first three years the teaching of philosophy and its kindreddisciplines is the focus of attention.The last four years are taken up by the theology and its related sciences.Being present during lectures, and personal research are the main methodsthe seminarian shall avail himself of in the course of his formation. He may notabsent himself from lectures without the knowledge of his class co-ordinator, whowill, in turn, inform the professors concern. The seminarian will be required toacquire for himself a copy of the Programme of Studies.Research takes two forms. The seminarian is required to make research forseminar papers and at the end of each of the two major stages, write a dissertationof not more than 40 typed pages. The Seminary Library is at the disposal of theseminarian in this regard. He shall maintain silence whenever he is in the Libraryand treat the books and magazines therein with due consideration for posterity.The school year is divided into two semesters. At the end of every semester,the seminarian shall present himself for examinations. There shall be two sessions:January and June. 60% is the pass mark in any given subject. There will be sessionsin February and October for referred candidates of the January and June sessionsrespectively. A candidate who scores less than 40% at both the Ordinary andreferred sessions shall be advised to withdraw.At the end of each major stage of intellectual formation, the candidate shallbe required to write the B. Phil., B.D., or Diploma examinations. A student whoscores less than 60% in the February/October sessions automatically qualifies forthe Diploma. Entry conditions are to be found elsewhere in this Programme ofStudies. Candidates who qualify for, write and are successful in the degreeexaminations will be awarded certificates by the Pontifical Urban University,Rome, to which the Seminary is affiliated.1. GENERAL ORIENTATION1.1. AIMThe department aims at promoting a comprehensive study of philosophywith a view to having the student acquaint himself with the general philosophicalculture but paying particular attention to the systematic philosophy of theAristotelico-Thomistic tradition and the history of philosophy in general.1.2. ENTRY REQUIREMENTS1.2.1. The candidate shall have completed at least the curriculum of studies andobtained the certificates and credits required in Cameroon as a condition foradmission into a duly approved university;

1.2.2. A pass in the English and French Languages at the Ordinary Level andReligious Knowledge at the Advanced Level in the General Certificate of Educationor its equivalent.1.3. INTERNAL DEPARTMENTAL EXAMINATIONS:The academic year is divided into two semesters. At the end of everysemester, the student shall present himself for examinations. There shall be twosessions: January and June. 60% is the pass mark in any given subject. There will besessions in February and October for referred candidates of the January and Junesessions respectively.1.4. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS:The Department of Philosophy of this institution is affiliated to the Faculty ofPhilosophy of the Pontifical Urban University in Rome. At the end of hisphilosophical studies, each student is required to sit for a Bachelor of PhilosophyExamination or a Diploma of Philosophy Examination. To qualify for theseExaminations the following conditions are necessary:a) Research work in Philosophy presented in the form of adissertation of not more than 40 typed pages:b) An average mark of 60% or above in all the Main Courses offered inphilosophy for those going in for the B.Phil. or between 40% - 60% forthose going in for the Diploma in Philosophy.c) A successful defence before a panel of three professors, of thedissertation presented by the candidate;d) A comprehensive written examination in all the Main Courses offeredin Philosophy. To obtain a pass, the candidate must score 60% andabove, in all the sections of Philosophy he is examined on.e) All the scripts and results of the written examination as well as thedefence results are sent to the Urban University for validation.1.5. THE DEPARTMENTAL ACADEMIC STAFF:The Philosophy Department is staffed in accordance with the requirements ofa higher institute of ecclesiastical studies. It is the responsibility of the Bishops ofthe Ecclesiastical Province of Bamenda to provide the academic staff. Sincemembers of staff may be changed, a list containing the names and qualifications offaculty shall be made available to all interested at the beginning of each academicyear.(Inserire in formato pdf)2. COURSES2.1. MAIN COURSESPM 100 – African Philosophy(Afr.Phil)

PM 101 – African Traditional Religion (ATR)PM 102 – Cosmology(Cosmo)PM 103 – Epistemology(Epist)PM 104 – Ethics(Ethics)PM 105 – History of Ancient Philosophy (Anc.Phil)PM 106 – History of Medieval Philosophy (Med.Phil)PM 107 – History of Modern Philosophy (Mod.Phil)PM 108 – History of Contemporary Philosophy (Con.Phil)PM 109 – Introduction to Philosophy(Int.Phil)PM 110 – Logic(Logic)PM 111 – Metaphysics(Metaph)PM 112 – Modern Psychology(Mod.Psy)PM 113 – Philosophical Anthropology(Phil.Ant)PM 114 – Philosophy of Religion(Phil.Rel)PM 115 – Political Philosophy(Pol.Phil)PM 116 – Science and Religion(Sci&Rel)PM 117 – Scientific Methodology(Method)PM 118 – Social Anthropology(Soc.Anth)PM 119 – Theodicy(Theod)2.2. SEMINARSPM 120 – Ethics SeminarPM 121 – History of Contemporary Philosophy SeminarPM 122 – Metaphysics Seminar2.3. SUBSIDIARY COURSESPS 200 – Introduction to ScripturePS 201 – History of IsraelPS 202 – Introduction to SpiritualityPS 203 – ScripturePS 204 – Mystery of ChristPS 205 – EnglishPS 206 – FrenchPS 207 – GreekPS 208 – LatinPS 209 – Calligraphy(SS)(SS)(Spirit)(SS)(Myst.Xt)(Eng)(Fren)(Greek)(Latin)(Callig)3. CLASS DISTRIBUTION OF COURSES3.1. PHILOSOPHY ONEPM 105 – History of Ancient Philosophy (Sem. I) 1PM 106 – History of Medieval Philosophy (Sem. II) 21 (Sem. I) stands for the First Semester.

PM 110 – Logic (Sem. I & II)PM 109 – Introduction to Philosophy (Sem. I)PM 117 – Scientific Methodology (Sem. I & II)PS 200 – History of Israel (Sem. I & II)PS 202 – Introduction to Spirituality (Sem. I & II)PS 204 – Mystery of Christ (Sem. I & II)PS 205 – English (Sem. I & II)PS 206 – French (Sem. I & II)PS 207 – Greek (Sem. I & II)PS 208 – Latin (Sem. I & II)PS 209 – Calligraphy (Sem. I & II)3.2. PHILOSOPHY TWOPM 103 – Epistemology (Sem. II)PM 104 – Ethics (Sem. I & II)PM 107 – History of Modern Philosophy (Sem. I & II)PM 111 – Metaphysics (Sem. I)PM 113 – Philosophical Anthropology (Sem. II)PM 115 – Political Philosophy (Sem. II)PM 102 – Cosmology (Sem. I)PM 120 – Ethics Seminar (Sem. I)PM 122 – Metaphysics Seminar (Sem. II)PS 201 – History of Israel (Sem. I & II)PS 202 – Introduction to Spirituality (Sem. I & II)PS 205 – English (Sem. I & II)PS 206 – French (Sem. I & II)PS 207 – Greek (Sem. I & II)PS 208 – Latin (Sem. I & II)PS 209 – Calligraphy (Sem. I & II)3.3. PHILOSOPHY THREEPM 100 – African Philosophy (Sem. I)PM 101 – African Traditional Religion (Sem. II)PM 108 – History of Contemporary Philosophy (Sem. I)PM 119 – Theodicy (Sem. I)PM 112 – Modern Psychology (Sem. II)PM 114 – Philosophy of Religion (Sem. I)PM 116 – Science and Religion (Sem. II)PM 118 – Social Anthropology (Sem. I)2 (Sem. II) stands for the Second Semester.

4. Plato: Sources of Plato’s philosophy: Socrates, Pythagoras and thePythagoreans; Heraclitus and Parmenides. Dialogues and the Academy; theTheory of Ideas, the Nature of the Soul; Sources of Evil; the Theory ofKnowledge in the Meno, Phaedo and Republic. Justice and Happiness inthe Republic. Plato’s Physics, Forms of Government and Letter VII.5. Aristotle: Life and Works, Relationship to Plato; Experience, Art andKnowledge; Change and its Explanation and the First Mover [Physics I-III& VIII]. Living bodies and the Body and Soul [De Anima II]. The Objectand Method of Ethical Science [Nicomachean Ethics I]. The Project of aMetaphysical Science [Metaphysics I, II, IV & VI]. Happiness in theNicomachean Ethics X. Moral Excellence [Nicomechean Ethics II].Intellectual Virtues and Happiness (Nicomachean Ethics VI). The ImmobileSubstance (Metaphysics XII).6. Hellenism: Historical background; New Movements in Philosophy:Epicureanism, Stoicism and Scepticism: their interaction and popularappeal.7. Plotinus and Neoplatonism: The Platonic tradition; Plotinus: thegeneration of the world in the Enneads. Matter and Evil in Plotinus. Paganand Christian Neoplatonism.Bibliography:Along with the relevant primary sources, see also:Armstrong, A. H., An Introduction to Ancient Philosophy, (London, 1957); ________.,(ed.), The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy, (Cambridge,1967); Barnes, J., The Toils of Scepticism, (Cambridge, 1990); Composta, D., History ofAncient Philosophy, (Rome, 1990); Conford, F. M., Before and After Socrates (London,1976); Copleston, F., History of Philosophy, Vol. I, (London, 1976); Guthrie, W. K. C.,A History of Ancient Philosophy, Vol. I (Cambridge, 1971); Long, A. A.,Hellenistic Philosophy, (London, 1974); O’Meara, D. J., Plotinus: An Introduction to theEnneads (Oxford, 1993); Rist, J. M., Plotinus: The Road to Reality, (Cambridge, 1967);Stace, W. T., A Critical History of Greek Philosophy, (London, 1962); YARZA, I.,History of Ancient Philosophy, Signa-Tala Publishers, Inc., Manila. 1994.PM 106 – History of Medieval Philosophy (Sem. II)1. Greek Philosophy and Christianity: First encounters and earliest attitudes:the Apologists, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Neoplatonism andOrigen.2. St. Augustine: His development: African-Roman setting; Manichaeism,Scepticism, Neoplatonism and Christianity. The soul’s search for God: Faithseeking understanding, grace and truth; seeking happiness and truthand finding God. Faith, authority and reason. Free will and sin: The City ofGod.

3. Neoplatonism after Augustine: Boethius: Plato and Aristotle translations,Porphyry’s Isagoge. Pseudo-Dionysius and John Scotus Erigena.4. Historical Background to Scholasticiam: Thee Carolingian Renaissance,Monastic and Cathedral Schools, the making of Scholasticism, revival ofDialectic.5. St. Anselm: Positive and fruitful development of dialectic in the service ofthe Augustinian tradition in theology. Example: the ontological argument,(Proslogion 1-4).6. Peter Abelard: The debate about universals. Controversy concerning hisapplication of Dialectic to theology: opposition of St. Bernard. Continuingdevelopment toward systematizing theology: Peter Lombard’s Sentences;the growth of universities.7. Aristotle re-discovered: The Islamic connection. Importance of Alfarabi,Avicenna, Averroes and Maimonides. The impact of new texts on theyoung universities, especially Paris. Attitude of the Church.8. St. Bonaventure: Attitude to the new Aristotelianism. Further developmentof an Augustinian synthesis; soul’s journey to God; exemplarism;ontological argument.9. St. Thomas Aquinas: The development of Christian Aristotelianism. Thescope of natural reason vis-à-vis faith; knowledge of God, that He is andwhat He is. His response to the challenge of Averroism. The oppositionconfuses Siger’s Averroism and the Aristotelianism of Aquinas:Condemnations of 1270 and 1277.10. Subsequent developments: Disengagement of faith and reason; initiatedby Duns Scotus, extreme development in the Via Moderna by Ockhamand Nominalists Movement.11. Renaissance Philosophies: Nicholas of Cusa. New turns to Plato andAristotle.Bibliography:Chervin, R., et al., Love of Wisdom, Ignatius Press, San Francisco, 1988; Copleston,F., History of Philosophy, Vols. II & III, Search Press, Ltd., London, 1974; Gilson, E.,History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages, Sheed & Ward, London, 1955;Knowles, D., The Evolution of Medieval Thought, 2 nd ed., Longman Group, U.K.,1988; Leff, G., Medieval Thought, Pelican books, 1958; Mclnemy R.M., (ed.), NewThemes in Chistian Philosophy, University of Notre Dame Press, Indiana, 1968;Mondin, B., A History of Medieval Philosophy, tr. by Myroslaw A. Cizdyn,Urbaniana University Press, Rome, 1991; Pegis, A. C.,The Middle Ages andPhilosophy, Henry Regney Company, Chicago, 1963; YARZA, I., History of MedievalPhilosophy, Signa-Tala Publishers, Inc., Manila. 1996.PM 110 - Logic (Sem I & II)1. Introduction: Logic as a Science: Spontaneous Logic; the art of Logic; thescience of Logic; the sefulness of Logic. Logic and other philosophical

disciplines: Logic and psychology; Logic and gnoseology; Logic andMetaphysics. Brief historical survey.2. The operations of the mind: The mind; fundamental operations of themind; the grasp of knowledge.3. The uses of Language.4. Ideas and terms: The idea; the expression of ideas; the clarification ofideas; definitions.5. Judgements and propositions: The judgement; the proposition; propertiesof propositions.6. Reasoning and argument:Reasoning; expression and logical reasoning; the laws of argument; thecategorical syllogism and its eight laws; the figure of the categoricalsyllogism; moods of the categorical syllogism; establishing the validity of acategorical syllogism; establishing the validity of a categorical syllogism byreduction of the first figure.7. The Hypothetical Syllogism: the conditional syllogism; the conjunctivesyllogism; the disjunctive syllogism. Other forms of syllogistic arguments:the enthymeme; the epicherema; the polysyllogism; sorites; the dilemna.8. Laws of thought.9. Fallacies.10. Symbolic Logic.Bibliography:Aprangler, M. M., Logic: An Aristotelian Approach, University Press of America,1986; Copi, I. M., Introduction to Logic, Collier-MacMillan Co., London, SeventhEdition, 1986; Ennis, R. H., Ordinary Logic, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey, 1969;Lemmon, E. J., Beginning Logic, Thomas Nelson and Sons, London, 1965; Mitchell,D., An Introduction to Logic, Hutchinson & Co., London, 1967; Toulmin, S. E., TheUses of Argument, University Press, Cambridge, 1969.PM 117 – Scientific Methodology (Sem I & II)1. What is Methodology?2. Its usefulness.3. Study: Aim at personal work in study. Dispositions for effective studies.Conditions for effective studies.4. Classes or lectures: Their usefulness. Limitations and dangers of classes.Conditions for effective classes.5. Scientific work proper: Sources and subsidiary works. Dispositions forscientific work; taking notes. Examples of scientific works: Term papers,Seminars, Dissertations and Theses. Choice of subjects. Basic tools forscientific work.6. Introduction to the use of the Library and different arrangements in aLibrary.

Bibliography:Albaugh, R. M., Thesis Writing: A Guide to Scholarly Style, Littlefield, Adams andCo., Totowa, N.J. 1968; Alexis, A. J., Methodology for Research: Guide for WritingDissertations, Theses and Scientific Papers, Bangalore, 1986; Fr. Dominic of St. Teresa,O.C.D., Methodology of Study and Scientific Work, 2 nd ed., Alwaye-3, India, 1965;Meynet, R., Norme Tipografiche per la Composizione dei Testi con il Computer, EditricePontificia Università Gregoriana, Roma, 2000;Henrici, P., Guida Pratica Allo Studio, Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana,Roma, 1997.PS 200 – Introduction to Scripture (Sem. 1 & II)This is an introductory course in Sacred Scripture; however, it is presumedthat at this stage the Seminarians already have a good knowledge of what theBible is, with regard to authorship, inspiration, canon, divisions. A quickrevision could be done, but the main thrust will be to introduce them to thevarious traditions behind the Old Testament writings and to enable them cometo grips with how and when the New Testament was composed and written.1. The Bible.2. The Books of the Bible.3. How to read the Bible.4. The Bible – the Word of God.5. The Old Testament analysed (Sources – (L), J, E, P, D, (B, H)).6. Inspiration.7. The Biblical Canon.8. Hermeneutics.In the second semester, the Seminarians will be introduced specifically to theBook of the Psalms as the prayer book of God’s people, then and now. Thevarious types of psalms will be studied together with the life situations thatoccasioned them. Selected psalms will be read as part of the course.1. Introduction.2. Numbering the Psalms.3. Division of the Psalter.4. The Psalter – A Prayer Book.5. Psalm Types.6. Christ in the Psalms.7. General Survey of the Psalter.8. Explanation of selected Psalms.Bibliography - Main Texts:Childs, B. S., Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture, London: SCM Press, 3 rdImpr., 1987; Harrington, W. J., Key to the Bible, 3 vols., Makati, Philippines: 1987;

Jaki, S. I., Praying the Psalms (A Commentary), Grand Rapids: William B. EerdmansPublishing Company, 2001; Stuhlmueller, C., Psalms, 2 vols., Wilmington,Delaware: Michael Glazier, Inc., 1983.Complementary Books:Anderson, A. A., Psalms, 2 Vols., in The New Century Bible-Commentary, GrandRapids, Michigan: W.M.B. Eerdmans, 1981; Westermann, C., The Psalms,Minneapolis: Augsburg Pub. House, 1980.PS 202 – Introduction to Spirituality (Sem I & II)1. Spirituality: Notion. The nature and importance of Spirituality.Spirituality and Christianity. Spirituality and Religion.1. Prayer, Meditation/Mental Prayer: Notion and Origin of Meditation.Meditation in the Old Testament: Ps. 103; Gen. 24:63; etc. Meditation in theNew Testament: Mk. 10; Rom. 8:26; etc. Obstacles beginners may encounterin the practice of meditation or mental prayer.2. Some Spiritual Masters and Meditation.3. Some Methods of Meditation: St. Ignatius of Loyola, St. Francis of Sales,St. Sulpice, St. Peter of Alcantara, etc.4. The Goal of Meditation.5. The Effects of meditation.Bibliography:Bloom, A., Meditations: A Journey Through the Parables, Dimension Books, NewJersey 1972; Bloom, A., Meditations On A Theme, Mowbrays, London, 1973; Merton,A., Spiritual Direction and Meditation, The Liturgical Press, Collegeville, 1960;Rohrbach, P. T., O.C.D., Conversation with Christ, Geoffrey Chapman, London,1966; Tilman, K., The Practice of Meditation, Search Press, London, 1977.PS 204 – The Mystery of Christ (Sem I & II)1. Introduction: The Mystery of Jesus Christ; different approaches to themystery of Christ.2. The historical Jesus and biblical research. The quest of the historical Jesus;an emerging consensus within biblical research.3. Rediscovering the historical Jesus. An historical minimum in the life ofJesus; the closing stages in the life of Jesus.4. The resurrection: a survey of the evidence. The Pauline evidence; theevangelists; what really happened?5. The mystery of the resurrection: a theological response. The biblicalbackground to the resurrection; the overall impact of the resurrectionexperience; different christological responses to the Easter Event.

Bibliography:Galot, J., Who is Christ? A Theology of the Incarnation, Gregorian University Press,Rome, 1980; Kasper, W., Jesus the Christ, Burns and Oates, London, 1976; Lane, D.A., The Reality of Jesus, An Essay in Christology, Veritas Publications, Dublin, 1975;John Paul II, Redemptor Hominis, Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis, Roma, 1979;O’Collins, G., Interpreting Jesus, Paulist Press, Ramsey, 1983.PS 205 – English (Sem I & II)The Basics of Traditional Grammara. PARTS OF SPEECH1. Verbs2. Nouns3. The Adjective3.1. Kinds of Objectives3.2. Comparison of Adjectives4. Adverbs4.1. Kinds of Adverbs4.2. Comparison of Adverbs5. Pronouns5.1. Definition and Identification of pronouns and their antecedents.5.2. Classification of Pronouns6. Prepositions7. Conjunctions8. Interjections.b. ENGLISH TENSES1. Classification of tenses2. The Continuous Tenses3. The Perfect Tenses4. The Perfect Continuous Tenses5. Other Tensesc. SENTENCE STRUCTURE1. The Sentence2. Classification of Sentences2.1. Classification by Type2.2. Classification by Structured. Clause Analysise. Phrasesf. Basic Sentence Faultsg. Faulty Agreementh. Active/Passive Voicei. Participlesj. The Paragraph

Bibliography:Allen A. Stannard, Living English Structure, Essex: Longman, 1974, Crystal, D., TheEnglish Language, London: Penguin, 1988; Etherton, A. R. B., Mastering ModernEnglish, Essex: Longman, 1986; Greenbaum, S. and Quirk, R., A Student’s Grammarof English Language, Essex: Longman, 1990; Greenbaum, S., An Introduction toEnglish Grammar, Essex: London, 1991; Hewings, M., Advanced Grammar in Use,Cambridge: CUP, 1999; Hilton, C. and Hyder, M., Punctuation and Grammar,London: Staples Printers, 1993; Ndongmanji, J. N., Effective Communication inEnglish: A Review of Traditional Grammar and the Problem Areas of Non-native Speakers,Limbe: Vision Educational Publications, 2005; Palmer, F., Grammar,Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992; Pryse, B. E., English Without Tears, Glasgow:Collins, 1984.PS 206 – French (Sem. I & II)Objectif:Donner aux séminaristes les moyens de communiquer naturellement dansdes situations quotidiennes en relation avec une publique francophone. Leurfournir des structures de base de la langue française et des exemples del’utilisation de ces structures dans la vie de tous les jours.L’accent est mis sur la prononciation, sur les structures de base visant lacompréhension d’un passage en français préparant ainsi les séminaristes à unetechnique de synthèse si nécessaire aux prêches des sermons. Au niveau peuavancé: les tournures et les connaissances qui permettent aux séminaristesapprenants une plus grande variété stylistique.Bibliographie:Mauger, G., Cours de langue et de civilisation françaises: Hachette & Didier;Guberina, P., et Rivenc, P., Voix et images de France: Hachette & Didier; Bulger, A.,French With Ease: Assimil S.A; Whitmarsh, A Simpler French Course: LongmanGroup Limited.PS 207 – Greek (Sem. I & II)The purpose of the New Testament Greek Course is to introduce theSeminarians to the Greek Language as it is used in the New Testament, with aview to:1. Mastery of the basic morphology of NT Greek.2. Command of a fundamental vocabulary.3. Ability to translate simple exercises from Greek into Englishand from English into Greek.4. Facility in reading Greek out loud.Bibliography:

Wenham J.W., The Elements of New Testament Greek, Cambridge University Press,1965. Reprinted with corrections, 1993; Aland, K., et al., eds., The Greek NewTestament, 3 rd Edition, United Bible Societies, 1975; Swetnam J., An Introduction tothe Study of New Testament Greek. Part One: Morphology, Editrice Pontificio IstitutoBiblico, 1992.PS 208 – Latin (Sem. I & II)Group I1. The Five Declensions.2. The Four Conjugations of the Verb: Moods; Tenses; Voices.3. Deponent and Irregular Verbs; Impersonal Verbs.4. Adjectives: The two groups.5. Pronouns: Personal; Relative; Demonstrative.6. The Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs.7. The Ablative Absolute.8. Indirect Discourse.Group II1. The Passive voice.2. Adverbs.3. The Gerund.4. Conjunctions: Quia, quod, quoniam; dum; donec; quoad; antequam,priusquam.5. The Subjunctive in various usages.6. Some Prepositions.7. The Enclitic.8. Numerals.9. Verbs expressing various Dispositions.Group IIIThe translation of the texts indicated below.Bibliography:R. D. Wormald, R. D., Longmans’ Latin Course: Grammar and Exercises, Part 1 & II,New Edition, University Press, Aberdeen, Great Britain, 1964.Group III Latin Text for Translations:Codex Iuris Canonici, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Roma, 1983 (Canons on theEucharist and the other Sacraments; Aquinas, T., Summa Theologiae, 1, q. 1-10,trans., McDermott, T., Blackfriars, London, 1964.PS 209 – Calligraphy (Sem. I & II)The aim of the course is corrective: to render legible the handwriting ofstudents whose handwriting poses problems to readers. General principles ofwhat constitutes good handwriting are given. Particular attention is paid to eachstudent depending on the level of illegibility of the handwriting.

4.2. PHILOSOPHY TWOPM 103 –Epistemology (Sem. II)1. Introduction: The Question of the Extent and Reliability of HumanKnowledge. The Question of the Possibility and Method ofachieving Truth and Certitude.2. The Nature and Method of the Critical Problem. Object of the Problem.Method of the Critical Question.3. Truth and Certitude: The Nature of Truth. States of the Mind with Respectto Truth: Ignorance, Doubt, Suspicion, Opinion, Certitude, Error.4. Various Doctrines of Certitude and the History of the Critical Problem:Skepticism, Idealism, Sensism, Traditionalism, Dogmatism, Error.5. The Sources of Certitude: Evidence of the Senses, Evidence of the Mind,Authority.6. Scientific Certitude and its Acquisition: Science, Method, Induction.Bibliography:Llano, A., Gnoseology, trans., David L. Sands, Manila: Sinag-Tala Publishers, 2001;Gardeil, H. D., Introduction to the Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. IV. Metaphysics,trans., John A. Otto, London: B. Herder Book Co., 1967; Sanguineti, J. J., Logic andGnoseology, trans., Myroslaw A. Cizdyn, Bangalore: Theological Publications inIndia, 1987; Steenberghen, F. V., Epistemology, trans., Lawrence Moonan, Louvain:Publications Universitaires, 1970.PM 104 – Ethics (Sem. I & II)1. The Nature of Ethics: definition, method, scope, division, postulates. Ethicsand other moral sciences. Types of Ethics: absolute, relative, subjective,naturalistic etc.2. Human Acts and Moral Responsibility. The Human act. Psychologicalbackground. Voluntary Acts. Free will and determinism. Levels of willingand not willing. Modifiers of responsibility. Responsibility for the acts ofothers.3. Conscience and Moral Goodness. The development of morality. Morality atthe level of instinct, custom, and conscience. Comparison of Morality at thelevel of custom and the level of conscience: Historical development ofConscience. The meaning of Conscience. Kinds of conscience. Theories andformation of conscience. Nature of the Moral Judgement.Moral Goodness. Ontological, Physical and Moral Good. The problem ofdefining moral good. Good as end, ought and value. The moral Ideal. Thenaturalistic fallacy.

4. Human Act morally considered. Morality. Rules of morals. Moral species.Moral determinants. Situation Ethics.5. Ethical Theory and Ethical Standards. The development of Ethical theory:Greek, Medieval and Modern Ethics.Classification of theories of Moral Standards.Ethical Standards. The standard as given by intuition: Types of intuition(individual, general, universal), the Moral Sense School, the theory ofButler. Pleasure as Standard: Ethical Hedonism Types (Egoistic,Universalistic, Utilitarianism), the theory of J. S. Mill, PsychologicalHedonism. Standard as determined by Evolution. Moral Standard asPerfection. Moral Standard as Value. Situation Ethics: Joseph Fletcher.6. Law. Freedom and Law. The Law: ‘Meaning. Types (scientific, political,natural, positive, divine and human). Natural Law: Theory, Knowledge ofnatural law, Immutability of natural law. The Eternal law. The Moral law asa political law, as law of nature, as a law of reason. I. Kant’s Imperatives(hypothetical, assertorial, categorical).Freedom and Law. Kinds of freedom. Relationship between law andfreedom. Existentialist Ethics.7. Rights and Duties. Meaning of right. Components of right. Natural rights.Positive view of rights. Right and Might. Duties. Conflict of rights andduties. Human Rights. Duty and virtue. Duty as a moral obligation.8. Virtue and Vice. Meaning. Habit. Intellectual, Moral and Cardinal Virtues(prudence, temperance, courage, justice). Growth in virtue.9. Happiness. Ethical. Pessimism. Ethical Optimism. Pursuit of happiness.Eudaemonism.10. Health and Life (Bioethics). Care of human life. First moments of humanlife: Normal Conception and Technologically Assisted Conception.Suffering and Illness. Terminal illness, e.g. Cancer, HIV/AIDS, etc. Risk tohuman life. Suicide, murder, euthanasia, abortion, mutilation, organtransplants, sterilization. Self-defense. Genetic Engineering.11. Truthfulness. Truth. Lie. Mental restriction. Secrets. Some Structures ofLying and Dis-information in Contemporary World.12. Society. Types. Common good. Authority in society. Capitalist and Socialistsocieties.13. Marriage and Family. Marriage. Types: Monogamy, Polygamy, “Free-Unions”. Separations and Divorces. Family and Marriage EnrichmentMovements in Contemporary Society.14. Sexual Ethics and Love. Human sexuality: Basic notions and Orientations.Love: Definition and Types. Love and Responsible Friendship. Sex as anexpression of genuine Love. Ethical issues related with Premarital sex,Extramarital sex, Contraception, Birth control, Prostitution, and variousforms of Pornography in Contemporary Society. Movements geared towardsthe upholding of the dignity of the human person and the value of sex.

15. Property, Ownership. Theft. Distribution of wealth. Private ownership.Property titles: Occupancy, Labour, Gift, Trade, Inheritance, Accession,Prescription.16. Work. Work and Just Wages. Employment and Unemployment. Strikes.17. Justice, Peace and War. Theories of justice. Types of justice. Justice andPeace. Justice and war. Just war theory and its justification. Refugees.18. Sanctions and Punishments. Types of Sanctions. Justifications forpunishments. Capital punishments and related ethical issues. Ethicalproblems caused by Economic and related embargoes on whole nations orpeoples. The international debt issue as a form of sanctions.Bibliography:Bourke, V. G., History of Ethics, 2 vols., Image Books, New York, 1968; Brennan, J.S., Ethics and Morals, Harper and Row Publishers, London, 1973; Composta, D.,Moral Philosophy and Social Ethics, Theological Publications in India, Bangalore,1989; Czerny, M. F., AIDS and the African Church, Pauline Publ. Africa, Nairobi,2005; Gonsalves, M. A., Fagothey’s Right and Reason, C. V. Mosby Co., St. Louis,1981; Cosstick, V., et al., AIDS: Meeting the Community Challenge, St. PaulPublications, 1987; Fletcher, J., Situation Ethics, Middlegreem, 1987; Higgins, J. J.,Man as Man: The Science and Art of Ethics, The Bruce Publishing Co., Milwaukee,1958; Lillie, W., An Introduction to Ethics, Methuen and Co., Ltd., London, 1984;Mackie, J. L., Ethics, Inventing Right and Wrong, Cox & Wyman, Great Britian, 1974;Omorehbe, J. I., Ethics, 2 nd Ed., Cepeo Communication Systems Ltd., Lagos, 1989;Orme, J. M., ed., Justice, Peace and Dominicans, Dominican Publications, Dublin,2001; Rosmini, A., The Philosophy of Rights, Rosmini House, Durham, 1995; VargaA. C., Main Issues in Bioethics, Rev. Ed., Paulist Press, New York/Ramsey, 1984.PM 107 – History of Modern Philosophy (Sem. I & II)1. Rise of Modern Science and new problems for philosophy. Modernsversus Aristotelians; Bacon, Galileo, Hobbes.2. Descartes. The right method of reason. Doubt and certainty: The idea ofGod. Cartesian dualism: mind and body. Cartesianism and rationalism.Reaction of Pascal.3. Spinoza. The geometric method. Ethics: adequate ideas and happiness.4. Leibniz: Logic and metaphysics: truths of reason and turhts of fact;principle of sufficient reason. Monadology.5. Locke: The Essay, first statement of empiricist position. Experience, thesource of all ideas: comment of Leibniz. Simple and complex ideas. Specialdifficulty with the idea of substance.6. Berkeley: The insight of the Principles. Meaning of Esse est percipi.Immaterialism: critique of Locke, rejection of Newtonian mechanism.7. Hume: Strict empiricism: impression and ideas. Connections betweenideas: the causal connection, foundation of causal reasoning; custom andbelief. Mitigated scepticism, religious agnosticism.

8. The Enlightenment: Historical Background: The influence of Britishempiricism on French thought; Voltaire, the Encyclopaedists.9. Kant: Background: Leibniz, enlightenment, Hume, Rousseau. The criticalproblem and the first critique: synthetic a priori propositions, theCopernican revolution, a priori forms of sense and understanding, the ideasof reason, their legitimate and illegitimate uses, phenomena and noumena.The primacy of practical reason: freedom, immortality and God.10. French revolution and German idealism. Fichte’s transformation of Kant:elimination of the noumenal, primacy and creativity of the ego. Revolutionand the sovereignty of reason. Enthusiasms of Schelling, Hölderlin, Hegel.11. Hegel: Early theological writings: their relevance to his philosophy.Understanding, dialectical and speculative reason. The real and the rational:spirit in process, through nature and history, coming to self consciousnessand freedom. Subjective and absolute spirit. Reason in history: readings inthe Philosophy of History, Introduction. The dialectic of self-consciousnessin history: master-slave relationship.12. Left-wing Hegelianism: Feuerbach’s critique of Hegel and the idea of God:its influence on Marx and engels.13. Marx: The early writings: Hegelianism, French socialism, English politicaleconomy. Alienation: religious, philosophical, political and economic.Materialist conception of history: forces of production, class consciousnessand ideological superstructure. The communist Manifesto: class struggle,proletariat, the communist Party and the revolution. Dictatorship of theproletariat and the classless society. Communism, Neo-Marxism andChristianity.14. Pragmatism: The importance of Pierce: thought, belief and action, meaningand practice. James the popularizer of pragmatism: the will to believe, thepragmatic theory of truth. The originality of James: psychologist,phenomenologist. Dewey: science, morals and religion.15. Neo-Hegelianism: Bradley. Reaction of Moore and Russell: beginning ofanalytical philosophy.16. Moore: Appeal to common sense; reduction of philosophical problems toordinary language.17. Russell: Philosophy as logical analysis. The theory of descriptions: asexplained by Russell; illustrated by Ryle in Systematically Misleadingexpressions.18. Russell and Wittgenstein: Logical atomism and the Tractatus.19. Logical positivism: Vienna circle and the Tractatus. Hume’s empiricism(Mill and Mach) armed with the new logic. The principle of verification:Carnap and Ayer.Bibliography:Collins, J., Interpreting Modern Philosophy, Princeton University Press, New Jersey,1975; Copleston, F., History of Philosophy, Vols. IV-IX, Search Press, Ltd.,London, 1972; Keaney, K., Modern Movements in European Philosophy, Manchester

University Press, U.K., 1986; Lacey, A, R., Modern Philosophy, Routledge & KeganPaul, London, 1982; Russell, B., History of Western Philosophy, George allen &Unwin Ltd., London, 1961; Scott-Kakures, D., et al., History of Philosophy,HarperCollins Publishers Inc. New York, 1993.PM 111 - Metaphysics (Sem. I)1. Introduction: Names; Science of Being as Being; History.2. Being: Notions of; Esse; Actus Essendi; Essence; Analogy.3. The Structure of Being: Substance and Accidents; The Categories; Act andPotency; Esse and Essence; The Suppositum; The Person.4. The Transcendentals: Meaning and Derivation; Unity; Truth; Goodness(Perfection and Value); Beauty (The Unity of Truth and Goodness).5. Causality: Experience, Nature, Principle and Critical Justification ofCausality; The Intrinsic Causes: Material and Formal Causes; The ExtrinsicCauses: Efficient and Final Causes; Activity; Interrelation of Causes;Principle of Finality.Bibliography:Bogliolo, L., Metaphysics, trans., Myroslaw A. Cizdyn, Bangalore: TheologicalPublications of India, 1985; Coreth, E., Metaphysics, New York: Herder andHerder, 1967; Gardeil, H. D., Introduction to the Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas. IV.Metaphysics, trans., John A. Otto, London: B. Herder Book Co., 1967;Steenberghen, F. V., Ontology, trans., Lawrence Moonan, Louvain:Publications Universitaires, 1970; Reith, H., The Metaphysics of St. Thomas Aquinas,Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1958; Tomas Alvira et al.,Metaphysics, trans., Luis Supan, Manila: Sinag – Tala Publishers, Inc., 1991.PM 113 – Philosophical Anthropology (Sem. II)1. Introduction: Stating the question; methodology and prominent momentsin the History of Philosophical Anthropology.2. Life: Mechanism and Evolution.Vitalism and Evaluation.Origin Scientific Information and Philosophical Deepening of thePhenomenon of life.3. Knowledge: Sensitive Knowledge.External and Internal senses.Intellectual knowledge.Origin, Abstraction, Properties.4. Freedom: Status Quaestionis, History, Existence.Nature, Limits and Principal solutions.

5. The Human Soul: Nature, Origin and Destiny, Relation with the Body.Functions of the body.6. The Human Person: Uniqueness, Ontological Global and PsychologicalConcepts, Absolute Value of the Person.7. Survival After Death: Importance of Argument; Drama of Death; PrincipalTheories of Immortality.8. Evolution: Scientific and Philosophic Aspects.Bibliography:Azar, L., Man: Computer, Ape and Angel?, Hanover, 1989; Armstrong, A. H., TheCambridge History of Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy, Cambridge, 1967; Brown,P., The World of Late Antiquity, London, 1971; Donceel, J. F., PhilosophicalAnthropology, New York, 1967; Groethuysen, B., Anthropologie philosophique, Paris,1987; Hadot, P., Plotin ou la simplicité du regard, Paris, 1987; Holte, R., Béatitude etSagesse: S. Augustin et le problème de la fin de l’homme, Paris, 1962; Long, A., &Sedley, D., (eds.), The Hellenistic Philosophers, 2 vols., Cambridge, 1987; Maurer, A.A., Medieval Philosophy, Toronto, 1982; Mondin, B., Philosophical Anthropology,Rome, 1985; Reesor, M., The Nature of Man in Early Stoic Philosophy, London, 1989.PM 115 – Political Philosophy (Sem. II)1. Introduction to Political Philosophy.2. From Political Philosophy to Political Science.3. Political Philosophy in the History of Philosophy.3.1. Classical Conception.3.1.1. Plato3.1.2. Aristotle.3.2. Medieval Conception.3.2.1. St. Augustine.3.2.2. St. Thomas Aquinas.3.3. Modern Conception.3.3.1. N. Machiavelli.3.3.2. T. Hobbes.3.3.3. J. Locke.3.3.4. F. Hegel & K. Marx.3.4. Contemporary Conception.3.4.1. Communism – Facism.3.4.2. African Conception of Politics.4. The State and the Government.4.1. The State and the Nation.4.2. The Government.4.3. The Common Good.4.4. The Law.4.4.1. Natural Law and Civil law.4.4.2. Natural rights.

Bibliography:Ake, C., Political Economy of Africa, Longman, 1981; Alfred A. Knopf, The PoliticalSystem: An Inquiry into the State of Political Science, Easton D., 1971; Aristotle, ThePolitics of Aristotle or A Treatise on Government, J.H. Den L and Sons, 1952; Bakker,E., ed., The Politics of Aristotle, Oxford University Press, 1962; Coleman, F.,Nigeria: Background to Nationalism, University of California Press, 1972; Copleston,F., Medieval Philosophy, Harper Torch Books, 1961; Fester, N. B., Masters of PoliticalThought, Vol. I, Plato to Machiavelli, C. Harrag, 1971; Quinton A., Political Philosophy,Oxford University Press, 1977; Morall, J. P., Political Thought in Medieval Times,New York, 1958; Riondan P., A Politics of the Common Good, Institute of PublicAdministration, Dublin, 1996;1. Notion2. Subject3. Procedure1. Change2. Kinds3. Matter4. Form5. Privation6. Final Cause, Nature.7. Principles and Causes.1. Notion2. Matter as Nature3. Form as Nature4. Nature and End5. Chance6. Violence7. Mathematics8. Demonstrations9. Properties1. Notion2. Kinds3. Local Notion4. Alteration5. Argumentation6. Action and Passion7. ContinuumPM 102 – Cosmology (Sem. I)A. Philosophy of Nature.B. Matter and Form.C. Nature.D. Motion.

8. Infinity1. Measures2. Place3. Space4. Time5. The Instant6. Individuation1. The Problem2. Motor Causality Principle3. Conditions for Motions4. Existence of the First Cause5. Its Nature6. Prelude and Metaphysics.E. Place and Time.F. The First Unmoved Mover.Bibliography:Collingwood, R.G., The Idea of Nature, Oxford University Press, London, 1976;Duhem, P., Medieval Cosmology, Aview, R., ed., & trans., University of ChicagoPress, Chicago, 1985; Glenn, P. J., Cosmology, B. Herder Book Co., London, 1957;Jaki, S. L., Science and Creation, Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, 1986;Whitehead, A. N., Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology, Harper Torchbooks,New York, 1960; Whitehead, A. N., The Concept of Nature, University of MichiganPress, USA, 1957.PM 120 – Ethics Seminar (Sem. II)Aim: To practise how to go about scientific research on specific ethical issues andto present the findings in ways that are intelligible and understandable, using allthe tools learnt in methodology.Method of Work:a. Searching for a Searching for a good and topical ethical issue, guidedby the programme of studies for Ethics. (Cf. PM. 104 – Ethics).b. Open discussion of the topic in class and approval as a workabletopic.c. Research and writing of the paper, paying particular attention to therules of scientific methodology, use of sources, arguments for andagainst, etc.d. Handing in of paper to the professor and presentation in class againwith particular attention paid to good public speaking, logical presentationand intelligent answering of questions from the class.PM 122 – Metaphysics Seminar (Sem. I)The general orientation of the Seminar in Metaphysics is at once historical andsystematic. The central thrust is to see the contribution of some important names

in the history of philosophy, to the understanding of what metaphysics is, andalso to deepen knowledge of the most important metaphysical concepts. Theseminar is also the first paper the student writes after completing the course onScientific Methodology. It serves as a test of how far the student has masteredthe rules and how he applies them practically in the course of research on a topicassigned to him by the subject master. He works alone or as one of a pair.Depending on how many students there are in the class, of the total time allotted,a third of it is dedicated to a summary of the paper. During the rest of time, toshow how much he has mastered his material, he takes questions from hisfellows.PS 201 – History of Israel (Sem. I & II)The Purpose of this course is to bring the Seminarians to terms with the historyof Israel. The course concentrates on the formative period of Israel, starting withthe patriarchs, going through the sojourn in Egypt to the exodus and conquest.Particular attention will be paid to the plague narratives and to the Covenant atSinai by which Israel became “a people”. Once the people settle in the land ofpromise, special attention will be given to the institution of kingship and to boththe external and internal conflicts that plagued the nation. The appropriatescriptural texts will be read and explained as part of the course.Course Outline:Introduction: The Purpose of the Course and its Extent1. The Book of Genesis; Prehistory: Genesis 1-111. The Formative Period of Israel: The Patriarchs: Genesis 12-50; Abraham: Themove from Ur of the Chaldeans to Haran; The Call of Abraham: thepromises of progeny and of land; The first sojourn in Egypt (and thesojourn in Gerar); The Abraham’s relationship with Lot.2. Isaac: The son of the promise: The purchase of Machpelah; Isaac’s Marriage3. Jacob and Esau: Jacob’s relationship with Esau; Jacob’s relationship withLaban.4. The sons of Jacob (Israel): The prominence of Joseph.5. The great famine: Israel goes to Egypt.6. The Books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers: What became of Israel in Egypt?Moses; The God of the Ancestors: Divine intervention; The PlagueNarratives; The journey through the desert; The Covenant at Sinai: Israelbecomes a People; The Decalogue and the Book of the Covenant.7. At the Threshold of the Land of Promise: Canaan Reconnoitred; The Book ofDeuteronomy: Moses’ farewell and the induction of Joshua.8. Joshua and the Great Conquest: The Book of Joshua; The Assembly atSchechem: Review and Renewal of the Covenant.9. Yahweh continues to guide and lead his people: The Books of Judges, Ruth, 1Samuel 1-7; Special attention to Samuel, the prophet of Yahweh.10. The Institution of the Monarchy: 1 Samuel 8-31, 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kings; Therise and fall of Saul; The people prefer David; David, King of Judah and of

Israel; The place of Nathan, the prophet of Yahweh: David’s sin; David’srelationship with his son Absalom; Davidic Succession: David’s nominationof Solomon.11. Solomon’s Reign.12. External and Internal Conflicts: Political and Religious Schism afterSolomon.13. The Role of Elijah, the Prophet of Yahweh.Recommended Books:Bright, J., A History of Israel. London, SCM Press, Ltd., 1982; Burns, R. J., Exodus,Leviticus, Numbers, Excuses on Feasts/Ritual and Typology, in Old Testament Message,Vol. 3. Wilmington, Delaware, Michael Glazier, Inc., 1983; Magnante, A.,(I.M.C.), The Message of Exodus. Nairobi, 1987; Whybray R. N., Introduction to thePentateuch. Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1995.Complementary Books:Aharoni, Y., The Land of the Bible. A Historical Geography. London:Burns & Oates, 2 nd , Revised ad., 1979; Van Oostrom, E., (WF), The Message ofthe Old Testament. Nairobi: St Paul Publications – Africa, 1990.PS 202 – Introduction to Spirituality (Sem. I & II)1. Introduction to Spiritual Direction. What is involved in SpiritualDirection.2. Spiritual Direction in the life of the Church from early times as taught bysome of the Fathers and Spiritual writers. (Cassian… 4 th cent) Francis deSales (17 th Century) …Leo XIII ….19 th Century, etc.)3. The Object of Spiritual Direction and need for cooperation between thedirector and the directed.4. The application of spiritual direction in the light of differenttemperaments and environments, vocations, etc.5. Duties and Obligations of the Spiritual Director. Certain dangers such asdeceit in the process of spiritual direction.6. Spiritual Direction and the sacrament of reconciliation. Brief history of thepractice of confession and spiritual direction in the life of the Church.Revision of the rite of penance in the light of the Second Vatican Council.7. The nature of the Christian Life. Jesus as the centre of the Christian Life.Spirituality of the diocesan priest in the light of the Pastoral Guide forDiocesan Priests.Bibliography:Aumann, J., Spiritual Theology, Sheed and Ward, London, 1979; Laplace, J., TheDirection of Conscience, Geoffrey Chapman, London, 1967; Leech, K., Soul Friend. AStudy of Spirituality, Sheldom Press, London. 1982; Merton, T., Spiritual Directionand Meditation, The Liturgical Press, Collegeville, 1960; Pastoral Guide for Diocesan

Priests in the Churches Dependent on the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.Vatican Press, Rome, 1990.PS 206 - French (Sem I & II)(See Philosophy One)PS 207 – Greek (Sem. 1 & II)(See Philosophy One)PS 208 - Latin (Sem I & II)(See Philosophy One)PS 209 - Calligraphy (Sem I & II)(See Philosophy One)4.3. PHILOSOPHY THREEPM 100 –African Philosophy (Sem. II)1. Introduction: The Problematic of African Philosophy. What is AfricanPhilosophy? The African origins of Greek Philosophy. How not to compareAfrican Thought and Western Thought. Philosophy and Post-ColonialAfrica.2. Human Nature and Ethics: The Relation of Soul and Body. The Perspectiveof an African World-view. The Social Nature of the Self; The individual, theCommunity and the Moral Order; The Concept of a Good man. Moralsystemsand the Value of Human Life.3. On Knowledge and Science: “Divination”: A Way of Knowing? TheProblem of Knowledge in “Divination”. The Concept of Truth: APerspective in an African Culture.4. Philosophy of Religion: God, Father and the Nature of Knowledge. AfricanConcepts of evil: an Understanding in a Particular Cosmology.5. Political Philosophy: Consciencism. Traditions in African/AmericanThought.6. Contemporary Moslem Philosophers in North Africa.Bibliography:Bodunrin, P. O., ed., Philosophy in Africa: Trends and Perspectives, University of IfePress, 1985; Chukwudi, E. E., African Philosophy: An Anthology, Blackwell, 1998;Gbadegesin, S., African Philosophy, Peter Lang Publications, 1992; Gyekye, K., An

Essay in African Philosophical Thought, Temple University Press, 1995; Momoh, C.S., ed., Substance of African Philosophy, African Philosophical Projects Publications,1989; Peek, P. M., African Divination Systems, Indiana University Press, 1991; .Ruch, E. A., et al., African Philosophy, Catholic Book Agency, Rome, 1981;Westphal, A. Fred, The Activity of Philosophy, Prentice-Hall, INC., 1969; Wiredu, K.,Philosophy and an African Culture, Cambridge University Press, 1980.PM 101 – African Traditional Religion (Sem. I)Introduction to the Study of ATR.1. Mediation in ATR.2. Worship in ATR.3. The Spirituality of ATR.4. Cross-cultural influences in the modern African perception of God inAfrican Traditional thought and practices.5. Influences of ATR and Culture on modern Christianity.6. Ethics: ATR and Morality.7. Role of Women in ATR.8. Lasting values of ATR for a modern nation-building.9. Critique (evaluation) of ATR from the Christian perspective.10. Christian Pastoral Approach to the Mystical Forces of ATR.11. Perspectives of the future of ATR: Interaction between ATR and otherReligions, and the forces of modern change.Bibliography:Bujo B., African Chrisian Morality at the Age of Inculturation, St. Paul Publications -Africa, Nairobi, 1990; Gehman R. J., African Traditional Religion in BiblicalPerspective, 3 rd ed., East African Educ. Publ. Ltd., Nairobi, 1993; Mbiti J. S.,Introduction to African Traditional Religions, Heinmann, London, 1977; NdiokwereN. I., The African Church, Today and Tomorrow, Vol. I, Effective Key Publ. Ltd.,Onitsha-Nigeria, 1994; Nyamiti, C., Christ as Our Ancestor, Christology from anAfrican Prespective, Mambo Press, 1984; Parrinder, G., African Traditional Religion,S.P.C.K, London, 1962; Shorter A., Waliggo J. M., et. al., Towards African ChristianMaturity, St. Paul Publ. Africa, Nairobi, 1987.PM 108 – History of Contemporary Philosophy (Sem. I)A. Life, Idea and Spirit.1. Contemporary Philosophy.2. Life Philosophies.3. Idealism: Bradley, Royce, Personalism: Croce, Actualism: Gentile.4. Philosophy of Spirit: Blondel.B. American Philosophy.1. Pragmatism: Peirce, James.2. Naturalism: Satayana, Dewey.

3. Process Philosophy: Whitehead.4. Hartshorne and Realism.C. Logic and Analysis.1. Logical Positivism: Ayer.2. Analytical Philosophy: Moore, Russell.3. Linguistic Analysis: Wittgenstein.4. Religious and Ethical Language, Metaethics.D. Phenomenology and Existentialism.1. Hurserl, Scheler, Merleau-Ponty.2. Phenomenology, Intentionality, Objectivity, Reductions.3. Existentialism, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, Marcel, Jaspers,Camus, Bultmann, Tillich.E. Recent French and German Philosophy.9. French Philosophy: Levi-Strauss, Ricoeur.10. German Philosophy: Gadamer.11. Catholic Existentialists.F. Thomism: Existential and Transcendental.1. Thomistic Rivival: Maritain, Gilson.2. Transcendental Thomism: Marechal, Lonergan.G. Structuralism.Marx, Freud, de Saissure, Foucault, Lacan.H. After Structuralism.Lévinas, Derrida, and Lyotard.Bibliography:Blackham, H. J., Existentialist Thinkers, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1961;Copleston, F., Contemporary Philosophy, Search Press Ltd., London, 1972;Delftgaauw, B., Twentieth Century Philosophy, trans., Smith, N.D., Magi Books,Inc., New York, 1969; Dondeyne, A., Contemporary European Thought and ChristianFaith, trans., McMullin, E., and Burnheim, J., Duquesnes University, Pittsburgh,1958; Kearney, R., Dialogues with Contemporary Continental Thinkers, ManchesterUniversity Press, Manchester, 1984.PM 119 – Theodicy (Sem. I)1. Introduction: Nature of theodicy: theology and theodicy; method oftheodicy.2. The Existence of God: Notable theories on the theological question.Demonstrability of God’s existence. Proofs of the existence of God:metaphysical proof, moral proof; historical proof.3. The Nature of God: Essence and nature. The essence of God. The attributesof God. Absolute divine attributes. Relative divine attributes.4. The Activity of God: Operations of God. Immanent divine operations:Divine Knowledge and Will. Transient divine operations: creation,conservation, concurrence, governing of the world.

5. God and the world. Distinction of God and the world: pantheism,immanence and transcendence, God as a personal being. Creation, notion ofcreation, objections against creation. The conservation of the world. DivineConcurrence in Human Acts. Providence: notion of providence, the problemof evil.Bibliography:Anderson, J. F., Natural Theology, The Bruce Publishing Co., Milwaukee, 1961;Bogliolo, L., Rational Theology, trans., Cizdyn, M. A., Theological Publications Inc.,Bangalore, 1987; Gilson, E., God and Philosophy, Yale University Press, U. S. A.,1964; Glenn, P. J., Theodicy, B. Herder Book Co., London, 1962; Phillips, R. P.,Modern Thomistic Philosophy, Vol. II, Metaphysics, The Newman Press, Westminster(Maryland), 1962.PM 112 – Modern Psychology (Sem. II)1. What is Psychology2. Methods of Study.3. Schools of Psychology.4. Individual differences.5. Heredity.6. Intelligence.7. Aptitude: Its nature and origins.8. Frustration and conflict – consequences.9. Motivation.10. Life goals; incentives and effort.11. Interests and Attitudes.12. Personality.13. Learning.Bibliography:Allport, G.W., Pattern and Growth in Personality, New York, 1961; Cleman, F. C.,Personality, Dynamics and Effective Behaviour, Chicago, 1960; Feldman, R.S.,Essentials of Understanding Psychology, (4 th ed.) London, 2000; Gross, R., Psychology,(3 rd ed), U.K., 1996; Hilgard, E. R., et al., Introduction to Psychology, Oxford, 1975;Maslow, A. H., Motivation and Personality, Abraham & H. Maslow, 1970; Santrock,F.W., Psychology, (6 th ed.) London, 2000.PM 114 – Philosophy of Religion (Sem. I)1. Introduction. What is the Philosophy of Religion?2. Arguments For the Existence of God. Ontological Argument; CosmologicalArgument; Argument from Design; Moral Argument.3. Arguments Against the Existence of God. Sociological Atheism; TheFreudian Theory of Religion; Scientific Atheism.

4. God and Evil. Stating the Problem; Some Responses (Augustinian,Irenaean and Process Theodicy).5. Experience and God. Revelation and Faith; Evidentialism;Foundationalism and Rational Belief.6. Verification and Falsification.7. Problems and Religious Language. The Peculiarity of Religious Language;St. Thomas Aquinas and Analogy; Paul Tillich; R. B. Braithwaite; TheLanguage Game Theory.8. The Conflicting Truth Claims of Different Religions.9. Life After Death. Immortality; Resurrection; Karma; Reincarnation.Bibliography: Abraham, W. J., An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion, NewJersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985; Churchill, J., et al., eds., An Introductory Reader inthe Philosophy of Religion, London: SPCK, 1979; Copleston, F. C., Religion andPhilosophy, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1974; Corner, M., Does God Exist? Bristol:The Bristol Press, 1991; Davies, B., An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion,Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990; Hick, J. H., An Interpretation of Religion,London: Macmillan Press, 1989; Hick, J. H., Philosophy of Religion, New Jersey:Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990.PM 116 – Science and Religion (Sem. II)The objectives of this course are:- To offer a simple but clear explanation of the latestscientific discoveries on the contents below.- To understand the correct Biblical meaning of the storyof Creation.- To overcome the idea that considers science and faith as opposed.- To stir up a sense of wonder at the beauty of creation.- To be open-minded and respectful of the scientificmethod.CONTENTS1. Definition of terms and characteristics: Science. Religion. Characteristics ofScience. Characteristics of Religion.2. The relationship between Science and Religion. From the Church’s pointof view. From the scientists point of view.3. The goals of Science and Religion.4. The effects of Science and Religion on man.5. Scientific language and religious language. The dawn of the mankind.Bibliography:Abrecht, P., et al (eds)., Faith, Science and the Future, Geneva, 1978; Barbour, G. T.,Religion in an Age of Science, U.S.A., 1990; Birch, C., et al (eds) Faith, Science and theFuture, Cambridge, 1979; Coulson, C.A., Science and Christian Belief, Oxford, 1955;

Flannery, A., ed., Vatican Council II, Vol. II, Collegeville, 1975; Glenn, P. T., AnIntroduction to Philosophy, London, 1966; Hooy Kass, R., Religion and the Rise ofModern Science, London, 1972; John Paul II, On Science and Religion, VaticanObservatory Publications, 1990; Omoregbe, A., A Philosophical Look at Religion,Ikeja, 1993; Polkinghorne, F., Scientists as Theologians, Great Britain, 1996;Whitehead, A., Science and the Modern World, New York, 1926; Wallace, F., TheDeath of Evolution, Illinois, 2000; Hodgson, P., The Death of Evolution, London, 2002.PM 118 – Social Anthropology (Sem. I)1. Introduction to the Subject. Evolution – History over the ages. WhyAnthropology?2. Development of the History continued. Aims of Social Anthropology.3. Further Development Branches: England – Social Anthropology. America –Cultural Anthropology.4. Continent – Germany and France: Ethnology.5. Methods of Social Anthropology. Ethnology. Categories of SocialUnderstanding.6. Philosophy and Anthropology. Phenomenology.7. Anthropology and the natural sciences.8. Understanding “human nature”. Inheritance (Biology and social sciences).9. Social Psychology.10. Personality – basic culture and personality.11. Development of human anthropology, ethnography and sociology.12. Cultural teaching.13. Language and Values: Norms.14. The Problem of stability and change in African culture.Bibliography:Conrad Philip Kottak, Cultural Anthropology, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991;Evans – Pritchard, E. E., Social Anthropology, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London,1972; Max Gluckman, Custom and Conflict in Africa, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1970;Nadel, S. F., The Foundations of Social Anthropology, Lowe and Brydone, London,1969; Paul Nchoji Nkwi, ed., The Anthropology of Africa: Challenges for the 21 stCentury, Wenner-Gren Foundation, New York, 2000; Radcliffe – Brown, A. R.,Structure and Function of Primitive Society, Cohen and West, London, 1968;Radcliffe – Brown, A. R., & Forde Daryll, eds., African Kinship and Marriage,Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1970; Talcot Parson et al., eds., Theories of Society,The Free Press, New York, 1965;PM 122 – History of Contemporary Philosophy Seminar (Sem. I)The aim of the seminar is to have an approximate evaluation of the personalwork of each student paying attention to his ability to research and

argumentation. The topics vary and are chosen within the programme ofContemporary Philosophy which is given to the students within the semester.Most of the topics are chosen for the student by the professor while the rest arechosen by the students themselves who work in groups of two and threedepending on the numbers in the class. Each group is given 45 minutes duringwhich it presents the material researched and then takes questions from theaudience. The professor evaluates each presentation at the end, correcting whatwas not well understood. Marks are awarded following the clarity ofpresentation, comprehension of the material, observation of the rules ofmethodology during research and the contents.PS 203 – Scripture (Sem I & II)The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church and St. Mark’s GospelThe purpose of this course is to enable the Seminarians become aware ofthe way the Catholic Church interprets the Bible. They will be introduced to thehistory of interpretation and care will be taken to bring them up to date withregard to the great encyclicals, “Providentissimus Deus” and “Divino AfflanteSpiritu”. They should also look into the Vatican II document “Dei Verbum”.They will gradually be introduced to the various methods and approachesfor interpretation, the hermeneutical questions, the characteristics of Catholicinterpretation and the interpretation of the Bible in the Life of the Church. At theend of the course, they should be ready to test some of the principles learnt in aclose study of the Gospel according to Mark, in the second semester.Course Outline:Introduction: A brief history of interpretation and its importance for the study ofSacred Scripture – Papal and Conciliar Documents: “Providentissimus Deus”;“Divino Aflante Spiritu”; “Dei Verbum”.1. A close study of the 1993 document of the Pontifical Biblical Commission:The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church.2. Methods and Approaches for Interpretation.The importance of theHistorical-Critical Method.3. New Methods of Literary Analysis: Rhetorical Analysis. NarrativeAnalysis. Semiotic Analysis.4. Approaches based on Tradition: The Canon of the Bible: The CanonicalApproach. The Role of Jewish Interpretation in serving ChristianInterpretation. The History of the Influence of the Text.5. Approaches that use the Human Sciences: The Sociological Approach. TheImportance of Cultural Anthropology. Psychological and PsychoanalyticalApproaches.6. Insight to Approaches from Modern Day Contexts. A Look at LiberationTheology: What is the stand of the Church? A Look at Feminism and itsApproach to the Bible: The position of the Church.7. The Meaning of Inspired Scripture: The Various Senses of Scripture.8. Some Basic Characteristics of Catholic Interpretation: The Bible in the Lifeof the Church: Liturgy; Lectio Divina; Pastoral Ministry; Ecumenism.

Recommended Book:Document of the Pontifical Biblical Commission, The Interpretation of the Biblein the Church. Vatican: L.E.V. 1993.Complementary Books:Bruce M. Metzger, The Text of the New Testament. Its Transmission, Corruption AndRestoration. 2 nd ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press, reprinted, 1985; ErnstWürthwein, The Text of the Old Testament. An Introduction to the Biblia Hebraica.Trans., Erroll F. Rhodes. London: SCM Press Ltd., 1979; Vincent Taylor, TheGospel According to St. Mark 2 nd Ed., London: MacMillan Press LTD., 1984.PS 205 – English (Sem I & II)(See Philosophy One)PS 206 – French (Sem. I & II)(See Philosophy One)PS 208 – Latin (Sem. I & II)(See Philosophy One)PS 209 – Calligraphy (Sem. I & II)(See Philosophy One)