The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam - Gibbon Research ...

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Nomascus leucogenysStatusA 13 day survey in July 2011 reported at least 10 groups in the north-west of Vu Quang NationalPark, which may be part of a significantly larger population as the majority of the national parkhas not been surveyed (Nguyen Manh Ha et al. 2011b). This is much higher than previous recordsin 2001 and 2004, which recorded three gibbon groups in Huong Khe and Huong Son Districtsand two individuals in captivity (Nguyen Manh Ha 2005). Vocalisations were commonly heard inthe core zone during elephant surveys in 1993-1994 (Dawson & Do Tuoc 1997). Other fragmentaryrecords from before 2000 are listed in Geissmann et al. (2000).Threats and Conservation ActionsHunting and loss of forest habitats due to illegal logging are the principal threats to N. leucogenysand other wildlife in this national park. Hunting does not appear to target gibbons, but they arenonetheless occasionally hunted (Nguyen Manh Ha et al. 2011b). Vu Quang National Parkmaintains a good area of evergreen forest connected with Huong Son forest (see above) to thenorth and Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area (353,200 ha) to the south-west in Laos,where gibbons there are reported to be N. siki, although the species needs to be confirmed (MAF2011). With an apparently large population of N. leucogenys for Vietnam and being part of a muchlarger transboundary conservation landscape, this site should be considered a priority forconservation of N. leucogenys in Vietnam. Nakai-Nam Theun NPA is supported with annualpayments of US$1 million until 2037 from hydropower dam revenues. In Vietnam, the border areawith Nakai-Nam Theun NPA, including Vu Quang National Park, is subject to an FFI project tostrengthen transboundary cooperation for biodiversity conservation between the two countries.Further surveys throughout the national park are needed to ascertain the status of gibbons thereand to confirm the species based upon records of calls or (less likely) through genetic analysis.Gibbons should be a focal and indicator species for conservation activities in this landscape.5.3.13 Ke Go Nature ReserveLocation: Huong Khe, Cam Xuyen and Ky Anh Districts, Ha Tinh ProvinceArea: 21,759 hectaresStatus criteria: 1a, 2a, 3b, 4b, 5cDate of most recent survey: 2010Date of most recent confirmed record: 2010Minimum population: 4 groups (≥ 8 individuals)StatusIt is unclear whether the gibbons in this reserve are N. siki or N. leucogenys although vocal analysisprovisionally suggests the former, (Van Ngoc Thinh et al. 2010a), assumptions about distributionsof the taxa suggest the latter (Van Ngoc Thinh et al. 2010e). The population in the reserve is verylow and near extirpation. In 2010 only four groups of about eight individuals were recorded inscattered locations in the nature reserve, during gibbon surveys covering 22 listening posts (VanNgoc Thinh et al. 2010a). No more than one group was found at any one location, suggesting theremaining small population is highly fragmented and likely to be no longer viable.Threats and Conservation ActionsEfforts by the reserve management board to control wildlife hunting have been unsuccessful (VanNgoc Thinh et al. 2010a). Hunting in the reserve has been further facilitated through theconstruction of National Roads 21 and 22 (Van Ngoc Thinh et al. 2010a), which have increasedhunter access. Logging and habitat clearance occurs in and around the reserve and is degradinggibbon habitats (Le Trong Trai et al. 1999b; Van Ngoc Thinh et al. 2010a). Together Ke Go Nature50
The Conservation Status of Gibbons in VietnamReserve and Khe Net Proposed Nature Reserve encompass more than 40,000 ha, with sufficienthabitat to support a significant gibbon population if hunting and habitat loss are controlled andthe current population was able to rebound despite likely demographic and genetic obstacles.Ranger patrols will be critical to protect the remaining individuals as, without protection, gibbonsmay soon be extirpated from this reserve.5.4 Locations where Nomascus leucogenys is Now ConsideredAbsent5.4.1 Hang Kia-Pa Co Nature ReserveLocation: Mai Chau District, Hoa Binh ProvinceArea: 7,091 hectaresStatus criteria: 1b, 2c, 3b, 4b, 5dDate of most recent survey: 2009Date of most recent confirmed record: N/AMinimum population: provisionally extirpatedStatusReports in 2009 from residents suggested that gibbons persist in this reserve, but field surveysfailed to detect any (Le Khac Quyet & Luu Tuong Bach 2009). Reports collected in 2000 suggestedthat gibbons were rare in the reserve (Nguyen Xuan Dang et al. 2000). Le Khac Quyet and LuuTuong Bach (2009) concluded there were no significant populations of gibbons or other largemammals left in the reserve.Threats and Conservation ActionsHunting and forest clearance due to shifting agriculture would have been the principle threats toN. leucogenys in this site (Duong Coi 1993; Nguyen Xuan Dang et al. 2000; Le Khac Quyet & LuuTuong Bach 2009). Most valleys in the reserve support local communities and agricultural land,and surrounding forest has been heavily impacted by selective harvesting of timber, especiallyFokienia hodginsii and Burretiodendron hsienmu (Nguyen Manh Ha pers. comm.). Any survivinggibbons are probably under imminent threat of extirpation (Nguyen Manh Ha pers. comm.).5.4.2 Ngoc Son–Ngo Luong Nature ReserveLocation: Tan Lac and Vu Ban Districts, Hoa Binh ProvinceArea: 19,254 hectaresStatus criteria: 1b, 2c, 3b, 4b, 5dDate of most recent survey: 2007Date of most recent confirmed record: N/AMinimum population: provisionally extirpatedStatusA wildlife survey in 2007 concluded that gibbons were extirpated from the reserve and had beenfor more than 25 years, due to severe hunting and logging pressures (Le Trong Dat et al. 2008a). Asurvey in 2003 obtained local reports which indicated N. leucogenys might persist (Do Tuoc &51
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The Conservation Status of Gibbons
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The Conservation Status of Gibbons
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A site is defined in this report as
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Abbreviations and Acronymsa.s.l. ab
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carried out in 2000 and 2001. At Ho
Page 16 and 17: ConclusionsWhile gibbons are afford
Page 18 and 19: IntroductionChapter 1IntroductionFe
Page 20 and 21: Introductionexperienced conservatio
Page 22 and 23: The Conservation Status of Gibbons
Page 36 and 37: Nomascus nasutusChapter 3Eastern bl
Page 38 and 39: Nomascus nasutus3 Eastern Black Gib
Page 40 and 41: Nomascus nasutusrecorded on an ad h
Page 42 and 43: Nomascus nasutusand field surveys,
Page 44 and 45: Nomascus concolorChapter 4Western b
Page 46 and 47: Nomascus concolor4 Western Black Gi
Page 48 and 49: Nomascus concolorwill provide incre
Page 50 and 51: Nomascus concolorthose in neighbour
Page 52 and 53: Nomascus concolorDat & Le Minh Phon
Page 54 and 55: Nomascus leucogenysChapter 5Norther
Page 56 and 57: Nomascus leucogenys5 Northern White
Page 58 and 59: Nomascus leucogenys5.3 Nomascus leu
Page 60 and 61: Nomascus leucogenysNguyen Manh Ha e
Page 62 and 63: Nomascus leucogenysThe reserve mana
Page 64 and 65: Nomascus leucogenys5.3.10 Pu Mat Na
Page 68 and 69: Nomascus leucogenysDuong Anh Tuan 2
Page 70 and 71: Nomascus sikiChapter 6Southern whit
Page 72 and 73: Nomascus siki6 Southern White-cheek
Page 74 and 75: Nomascus siki6.2.5 Priority Conserv
Page 76 and 77: Nomascus sikithese vagaries, the pa
Page 78 and 79: Nomascus sikifield records (Le Manh
Page 80 and 81: Nomascus annamensisChapter 7Norther
Page 82 and 83: Nomascus annamensis7 Northern Yello
Page 84 and 85: Nomascus annamensisStatusThis site
Page 86 and 87: Nomascus annamensisThreats and Cons
Page 88 and 89: Nomascus annamensisDate of most rec
Page 92 and 93: Nomascus annamensisgroups) and 148
Page 96 and 97: Nomascus gabriellaeChapter 8Souther
Page 98 and 99: Nomascus gabriellae8 Southern Yello
Page 100 and 101: Nomascus gabriellae8.2.4 Ongoing Co
Page 102 and 103: Nomascus gabriellae8.3.4 Chu Yang S
Page 104 and 105: Nomascus gabriellaeThreats and Cons
Page 106 and 107: Nomascus gabriellaeDate of most rec
Page 108 and 109: Nomascus gabriellaepark-wide census
Page 110 and 111: Nomascus gabriellaeStatusThis reser
Page 112 and 113: Classification & Distribution of Cr
Page 114 and 115: Classification & Distribution of Cr
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Classification & Distribution of Cr
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Ecology & Behaviour of Crested Gibb
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References11 ReferencesAbramov, A.
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ReferencesDang Ngoc Can, Pham Duc T
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ReferencesGeissmann, T., Nguyen Man
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ReferencesLa Quang Trung, and Trinh
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ReferencesLuong Van Hao, and Le Van
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ReferencesNguyen Quang Hoa Anh, Tha
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ReferencesSrikosamatara, S., and S.
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AnnexesAnnex 1. Summary of Gibbon R
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AnnexesSiteProvinceArea(ha)Minimum
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Annexesd) number of locations or su
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Annexesc) area, extent or quality o
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