Annex 3Knowledge gapsProblem: A lack <strong>of</strong> capacity in terms <strong>of</strong> training,infrastructure, responder networks and monitoringin <strong>the</strong> rescue community is hampering animalwelfare efforts.Solution: An international animal welfare NGO shouldcreate a standing expert group to develop, monitor andshare international protocols describing best practice inrescue training, infrastructure and evaluation with keyinfluential governments and relevant intergovernmentalorganisations, lobbying for <strong>of</strong>ficial adoption <strong>of</strong> bestpracticeprotocols into law. These protocols could alsobe disseminated to stakeholders and would enable aneffective approach to <strong>the</strong> successful rescue <strong>of</strong> entangledmarine animals around <strong>the</strong> world.What do we know?• Local protocols exist• Protocols exist for whales• There is a lack <strong>of</strong> authority for this in some locationsWhat is unknown?• Who <strong>the</strong> key influential governments are• Whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>re is a key international veterinary organisation whocould endorse protocols once <strong>the</strong>y exist• Whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>re are any suitable coordinating bodies• What an expert panel should consist <strong>of</strong> and who shouldbe on it. Whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>re should be an expert panel per speciesor per group• Whe<strong>the</strong>r it is possible to create a best practice for all species• Euthanasia options for all species• Where <strong>the</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> greatest need are, and where lacks a rescuenetwork that needs one• Whe<strong>the</strong>r it is better to have localised best practice as opposedto globalWho knows it?• Response and rescue networks, BDMLR (UK), MARK (UK)• Law enforcement agencies• Marine Mammal Conservancy• Marine Mammal Stranding Network• IWC (whales)• Sea Turtles Restoration ProjectWho might know?• Existing rescue organisations/networks• Coast-guards• Veterinary associations may be able to advise on euthanasia• Local rescue organisations and networks should be able toadvise on <strong>the</strong>ir local conditionsProblem: A lack <strong>of</strong> adequate protocol, infrastructureand knowledge to enable fishermen, coastalcommunities, workers and o<strong>the</strong>r ocean users totell <strong>the</strong> people equipped to take action about anentangled animal requiring rescue.Solution: Best practice for successful detection,response and rescue should be shared more widelyand more effectively between government agenciesand responders.What do we know?• New and existing protocols• Contact details/numbers if an entangled animal is seen – insome places• That we need a no-blame culture on this issue• In water, humans risk deathWhat is unknown?• Who else is willing and able to participate• Reporting methods – not everyone has access to telephones• Unknown scale <strong>of</strong> entanglement over <strong>the</strong> world• What different protocols exist in different parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world• Whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> existing protocols are <strong>the</strong> sameWho knows it?• NOAA, IWC, CWT, MSN (UK)• NOAA, PCCS, FWC, Coast Guard, NSRI, BDMLR, ONDB• Fishing representatives• New partners in <strong>the</strong> developing world, e.g. Brazil,<strong>the</strong> Philippines• UNEPWho might know?• Existing rescue networks• Stranding networks/databases: NOAA; Environment Agency(Argentina); SAWDN (South Africa)• Probably isn’t known without a review process28
Annex 3Knowledge gapsProblem: Marine animal rescues can becomplicated by a lack <strong>of</strong> efficient, appropriateand effective government engagements(regulation/legislation etc.).Solution: To motivate governments to change legislationwith <strong>the</strong> aim <strong>of</strong> improving response to entangled animals.An international animal welfare NGO (or a working group<strong>of</strong> several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m) should provide a review <strong>of</strong> currentresponse/rescues. This would provide examples <strong>of</strong> goodand bad practice and compliance.What do we know?• Lack <strong>of</strong> regulation through to too much bureaucracy canhamper rescue efforts• There is a need for a global review <strong>of</strong> existing regulations• Rescue efforts do take place outside <strong>of</strong> existing protocols• Compliance is difficult• Compliance is unlikely in developing countriesWhat is unknown?• Existing regulations and protocols worldwide• Existing regulations and protocols worldwide• Actual number <strong>of</strong> entanglement cases• What <strong>the</strong> best practice guidelines are• Who would be best placed to undertake a review• What sort <strong>of</strong> legislation is needed in each place• Whe<strong>the</strong>r animal welfare is going to be a priority forany governments• Best practice for some species• What examples <strong>of</strong> best compliance are <strong>the</strong>re and what lessonscan be learnedWho knows it?• IWC, NOAA• NGOs and rescue groups• Government agenciesWho might know?• Fishing industry and fishermen• Coastal authorities• Holders <strong>of</strong> stranding databases• Public29