Proceedings of the Untangled symposium: - WSPA

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Annex 4Submitted abstracts accompanyingposter presentationskind of environmental professional, one that can translatevery complex environmental problems into effectivepublic policy and other practical solutions. Participationin this project has also improved first year studentretention at UPRAg.The increase in the awareness of the community on thisproblem, student and volunteer involvement, the amountof marine debris recovered and recycled, the levels ofstewardship and government cooperation achievedwith these projects have been significant and are worthemulating in other parts of the world especially in otherCaribbean Islands.Too little, too late? Tackling marine litterDr Susan KinseyMarine Conservation SocietyUnit 3, Wolf Business Park, Alton Road, Ross-on-Wye,HR9 5NB, UKMCS have been carrying out beach litter surveys inthe UK since 1993 and along with a number of otherorganisations around the world have been runningpromotional and educational campaigns to highlight theproblems of litter on social, economic and environmentallevels. Despite this, the amount of litter on our beacheshas increased. Fishing litter, one of the most hazardousfor wildlife has remained constant and plastic litter ingeneral, which poses problems of entanglement andingestion, has increased by over 100%. Have we all beendoing too little, too late to stop the flow of litter into themarine environment?MCS suggest that far from too little happening, a lot isactually taking place but in an uncoordinated fashionand in ways that often do not seem to be relevant to ourdecision makers or the general public. 0nly now are wereally seeing efforts to coordinate campaigns and thinkabout new ways of working, and only now is litter in themarine environment being recognised as a real problem.We believe it is vital that these trends continue if we arefinally going to start making a difference and stop litterentering our rivers, seas and oceans.In this context we look at some trends of beach litter inthe UK and explore some MCS campaigns to see whichapproaches have been successful and which less so.We also look at the changing attitudes to marine litter inthe UK and explore some new ways of working and hopeto foster discussion on the best way forward to tacklethis seemingly ever-growing problem.Marine litter in the Caribbean: raising awareness,improving infrastructure, and encouraging actionThomas R. Matthews 1 and Emma Doyle 21Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries InstituteTom.Matthews@GCFI.org2Caribbean Marine Protected Areas ManagementNetwork and ForumEmma.Doyle@GCFI.orgThe Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute (GCFI),Caribbean Marine Protected Areas ManagementNetwork and Forum (CaMPAM), and the U.S. StateDepartment collaborated with marine protected area(MPA) programs in The Bahamas, Belize, Jamaica,Grenada, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines to increaseawareness of marine litter and identify issues to promotemarine litter reduction. The project was grounded in therecommendations of the UNEP Caribbean EnvironmentalProgramme Action Plan for Marine Litter. Our local MPApartners identified marine litter issues particular to thesocial and environmental conditions of their area. Withthe broad goal of developing greater appreciation andpersonal responsibility for waste management for litterthat would likely end up as marine debris, the projectenabled MPA managers to launch the strongest and mostinnovative of their ideas on litter prevention and reduction.Through a combination of public education, teachertraining, the development of litter warden programs andthe establishment of well-placed waste and recyclingstations, the project provides for a number of visible andpractical pilot marine litter control programs. In Jamaicaand St. Vincent and the Grenadines waste managementefforts resulted in the long term reduction of householdand ship borne waste entering the ocean. Much of thismaterial was plastic bags and plastic containers whichpose a risk for ingestion by sea turtles and marinemammals. In Belize, The Bahamas, and Grenada beachcleanups removed large amounts of derelict rope fromturtle nesting beaches easing access to nesting sites.Although it occurred at a much lower frequency thanhousehold debris at all project sites, derelict fishing gearlikely posed a greater risk for entanglement to marine life.38
Annex 4Submitted abstracts accompanyingposter presentationsRemoveThe following abstracts are those submitted underthe theme of removing marine litter that is alreadyin the oceans.Removing derelict fishing gear in the East SeaDong-Oh ChoKorea Maritime University1 Dongsam-Dong, Yeondo-Gu, Busan,606-791, Koreaoceancho@gmail.comThe East Sea is about one million square kilometersin area and has an average depth of 1700 meters.The deep basin area is rich fishing grounds for variouscrabs and other fish. Usually, snow crabs live at200-400 meters and red king crabs live at deeperthan 600 meters. Also there are various kinds of fishon the bottom of the deep basin, such as whelk,shrimp, and octopus.The East Sea has long been subject to heavy fishingpressure, resulting in derelict fishing gear. Most derelictfishing gear, such as fishing nets, fishing ropes, and crabpots, sink to the seabed and do not degrade. Althoughthe quantities of those fishing gear have not beensurveyed scientifically, they result in “ghost fishing” andfishing inefficiency through entanglement with gill nets,traps, and trawl nets.Since 2007 Korean government has started to removederelict fishing gear from the deep seabed of theEast Sea by bottom trawling with hooks and ropes.The hooks are heavy (50-80kg) in order to reach thedepths of the seabed. The diameter of ropes is around3.2 cm. The length of rope is about two times the depth,so the vessel is able to trawl the hook and rope at a45° angle. Some of the seabed is flat, but other areasare rocky and uneven, where wires of 2.4 cm in diameter,instead of ropes, are also used for trawling vertically.The hooks and ropes are trawled by fishing vessels at aconstant speed of two to three knots. When the speedof the vessel is reduced to less than two knots, the crewcan recognize that the hooks have caught the derelictfishing gear, which is hoisted using winches onto thefishing vessel. However, if the bundle of derelict gearis too heavy to hoist, then a special vessel with greaterhoisting power is used to remove it.Each zone for bottom trawling is divided by longitudeand latitude, numbered, and grouped by type of fishingground. Each zone is usually 100 square miles (10 milesx 10 miles). Usually five to seven fishing vessels, standingabreast two to three miles apart, run to transect a zone.Generally the fishing in the East Sea is closed from Julythrough October, so bottom trawling was conductedduring this time. However, there often come typhoonsin this season. On the 18th October, 2009, a vesselencountered a typhoon and sank about 35 miles north ofDokdo and 5 crew members were lost.Since 2007 through 2011 a total of 196 fishing vesselswere mobilized for bottom trawling and a total of 1814fishermen participated. A total of 703.5 tons of derelictfishing gear were removed from the seabed, mostof which were derelict fishing gear, such as fishingropes, fishing nets, and traps. A total of 389.1 tons and314.4 tons of derelict fishing gear were recycled andincinerated, respectively.GEAR GRAB: removal of derelict fishing gear in theGulf of MaineErin Pelletier and Lynda DoughtyGulf of Maine Lobster FoundationPO Box 523, Kennebunk, ME 04043, USAerin@gomlf.orgThis project seeks to address the growing concern ofderelict lobster gear and related marine debris in theMaine lobster fishery, the largest fishery in the northeast(over 100 million pounds landed in 2011 with 6,000licensed fishermen). It’s estimated that over 50,000traps are lost each year in the Gulf of Maine along withassociated fishing gear (rope, buoys, and nets). Thesederelict traps are known as “ghost traps” and cancause unintentional mortality for both lobster and otherby-catch species for several years. Lobster traps areequipped with escape vents designed to release overtime if the trap becomes lost at sea, allowing lobsters39
Page 1 and 2: Proceedings of theUntangled symposi
Page 3: Contents1. Preface 52. Executive su
Page 6 and 7: 2Executive summaryThe issueMarine d
Page 8 and 9: 3Overview of the Untangled sessions
Page 10 and 11: 4Summary of problem and solutionwor
Page 12 and 13: 4Summary of problem and solutionwor
Page 15: Annex 1Untangled DeclarationWe are
Page 19 and 20: Annex 2Priority problems and soluti
Page 21 and 22: Annex 2Priority problems and soluti
Page 24 and 25: Table 1Communication exercise - key
Page 28 and 29: Annex 3Knowledge gapsProblem: A lac
Page 30: Annex 4Submitted abstracts accompan
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Page 62: Annex 5Delegate contact detailsName

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