St Francis Magazine Vol 7, No 3 | August 2011!valid practice? Or are <strong>the</strong>se translators promoting a false idea thatshould be stopped in its tracks? This article sets out to show how<strong>the</strong> above MIT claims are indeed false and that <strong>the</strong> solution is not tochange <strong>the</strong> Bible text, but ra<strong>the</strong>r to focus attention and ministryefforts on improving methods <strong>of</strong> teaching Bible truths to <strong>Muslim</strong>s,enhanced by a clearer understanding <strong>of</strong> what <strong>the</strong>y really believe andaccompanied by a genuine, sacrificial love for <strong>the</strong>se lost peoplegroups.2 Is <strong>Jesus</strong> actually <strong>the</strong> <strong>Son</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>God</strong>,or is that just a metaphor? 3The answer to that question can help us determine what is, andwhat is not, an accurate and acceptable way for Bible translators totranslate Fa<strong>the</strong>r-<strong>Son</strong> terminology when it refers to <strong>Jesus</strong> and <strong>God</strong><strong>the</strong> Fa<strong>the</strong>r in <strong>the</strong> New Testament.If <strong>Jesus</strong> really is <strong>the</strong> <strong>Son</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>God</strong> in a way that is not metaphorical(even if we do not understand exactly how), <strong>the</strong>n it is not accurateto remove Fa<strong>the</strong>r-<strong>Son</strong> references from <strong>the</strong> Bible text and/or change<strong>the</strong>m to something else, that is, we are not free in a translation tochange <strong>the</strong> facts <strong>of</strong> who <strong>Jesus</strong> and His Fa<strong>the</strong>r are. This means that ifin certain cultures or parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world <strong>the</strong>re are difficulties understanding<strong>the</strong>se terms (or even erroneous teachings about <strong>the</strong>seterms), <strong>the</strong> issue is mainly one <strong>of</strong> Bible literacy; in o<strong>the</strong>r words, peoplemust be taught <strong>the</strong> truth, including <strong>the</strong> <strong>Biblical</strong> facts about whatit means that <strong>Jesus</strong> Christ is "<strong>the</strong> <strong>Son</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>God</strong>".!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3 A metaphor is an expression in which one concept is likened to ano<strong>the</strong>r, differentconcept, usually by speaking <strong>of</strong> it as if it were that o<strong>the</strong>r. In o<strong>the</strong>r words, <strong>the</strong> twoconcepts are not <strong>the</strong> same, but have one or more points <strong>of</strong> similarity by which <strong>the</strong>ycan be compared. For example, <strong>the</strong> metaphor "<strong>the</strong> canyon was a furnace" is notintended to communicate that <strong>the</strong>se two objects are actually <strong>the</strong> same, but ra<strong>the</strong>rthat <strong>the</strong> canyon feels hot like a furnace. So when <strong>Jesus</strong> said to His disciples, "youare <strong>the</strong> branches" (John 15:5), He was telling <strong>the</strong>m that <strong>the</strong>y were like branches(that need to stay connected to <strong>the</strong> vine in order to bear fruit). In <strong>the</strong> same way,<strong>the</strong> MIT movement's labeling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> term "<strong>Son</strong> (<strong>of</strong> <strong>God</strong>)" in reference to <strong>Jesus</strong> as ametaphor means that <strong>Jesus</strong> is not actually <strong>God</strong>'s <strong>Son</strong> but is only like a son to Him.In fact, since a metaphor cannot be <strong>the</strong> concept or entity that it is illustrating, it iscontradictory to say that "<strong>Son</strong>" and "Fa<strong>the</strong>r" are only metaphors if one truly believesthat <strong>Jesus</strong> is <strong>the</strong> <strong>Son</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>God</strong>.St Francis Magazine is published by Interserve and Arab Vision!"!
St Francis Magazine Vol 7, No 3 | August 2011!What is <strong>the</strong> evidence from <strong>the</strong> Bible that <strong>Jesus</strong> is <strong>God</strong>'s <strong>Son</strong> andthat <strong>God</strong> is His Fa<strong>the</strong>r? Would first-century Jews have understood<strong>the</strong>se terms to be just metaphors or idioms as some have claimed, orra<strong>the</strong>r, as <strong>the</strong>y read <strong>the</strong> inspired writings <strong>of</strong> <strong>Jesus</strong>' disciples would<strong>the</strong>y have understood <strong>Jesus</strong> to be <strong>God</strong>'s <strong>Son</strong> in a more real sense?The New Testament begins with a Jewish author writing to aJewish audience, using a Jewish genealogy to show who <strong>Jesus</strong> is.To move <strong>the</strong> genealogy forward, <strong>Jesus</strong>' disciple Mat<strong>the</strong>w uses <strong>the</strong>verb "fa<strong>the</strong>red" (from <strong>the</strong> Greek verb !"##$%) forty times, so that(following <strong>the</strong> Greek text), "Abraham fa<strong>the</strong>red Isaac, <strong>the</strong>n Isaac fa<strong>the</strong>redJacob... David fa<strong>the</strong>red Solomon..." and so forth, until <strong>the</strong>genealogy reaches its goal/peak and culminates in verse 16 with adivine passive 4 in <strong>the</strong> sentence, "Then Jacob fa<strong>the</strong>red Joseph, <strong>the</strong>husband <strong>of</strong> Mary, from whom <strong>Jesus</strong> who is called Christ was fa<strong>the</strong>red[by <strong>God</strong>]." It is interesting how all five times that Mat<strong>the</strong>wmentions women in <strong>the</strong> genealogy (Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, Uriah'swife and Mary) <strong>the</strong>ir role is not communicated with a verb, but witha prepositional phrase, <strong>the</strong> same phrase "from/by..." (Greek: ""&...")for each one. That pattern works toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> pattern <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>fa<strong>the</strong>rs' role being communicated through <strong>the</strong> verb <strong>of</strong> each clause torivet attention on <strong>the</strong> final use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> verb in <strong>the</strong> genealogy when itis suddenly a divine passive, with <strong>God</strong> as <strong>the</strong> implied Fa<strong>the</strong>r. 5!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4 Bible scholars such as Leon Morris, Robert Gundry and Donald Hagner recognizethat Mat<strong>the</strong>w uses a divine passive here.5 Mat<strong>the</strong>w says in 1:17 that <strong>the</strong>re are three sets <strong>of</strong> fourteen generations in his genealogy,but <strong>the</strong>n only lists thirteen men in <strong>the</strong> last set. To remedy this apparentdiscrepancy, some Bible scholars have suggested counting one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> names in <strong>the</strong>genealogy twice (for example, some include Jeconiah as a member <strong>of</strong> both <strong>the</strong> secondand third sets). However, if it is recognized that <strong>God</strong> is implied as <strong>Jesus</strong>' Fa<strong>the</strong>rin verse 16, <strong>the</strong>n Mat<strong>the</strong>w's count is accurate as is and <strong>the</strong>re is no discrepancy.There is also o<strong>the</strong>r evidence that Mat<strong>the</strong>w intended to have <strong>the</strong> divine passivecomplete <strong>the</strong> pattern for <strong>the</strong> third set in his genealogy. For example, in order tohave fourteen individuals in each set (2 x 7 = double perfection), he left out at leastfour ancestors in <strong>the</strong> second set (including Ahaziah, Joash and Amaziah from betweenJoram and Uzziah in verse 8, and Jehoiakim between Josiah and Jechoniah inverse 11), and he probably left out a few more in <strong>the</strong> third set (which is suggestedby <strong>the</strong> fact that in Luke 3 <strong>the</strong>re are twenty-one, instead <strong>of</strong> only thirteen, men listedfor <strong>the</strong> same time period).St Francis Magazine is published by Interserve and Arab Vision!#!
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