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TABLE OF FIGURESFigure 1: Counterfactual blendsproject alternate blended spacesfrom the same input spacesKlopper (2003: 319) 38Figure 2: Shannon and Weaver's communication model: Encyclopaedia Britannica (2004) 58Figure 3: A model ofthe bi-directional communication process. Adaptedfrom Mersham andSkinner (1999:10) 62Figure 4: Model ofdeceptive communication transactions. Miller and Stiff(1983: 30) 64Figure 5: An adaptation ofthe Miller and StiffModel (1983) 65Figure 6: The Johari Window Luft and1ngham (1955) 107Figure 7: Concept Matrix 118Figure 8: Meanings ofwords commonly used to describe ways in which people deceive eachother Microsoft Encarta Reference Library (2002) 120Figure 9: Lying at different ages Ekman (1989: 93) 122Figure 10: Percentage ofadults who saidchildren lie at the different ages Ekman (1989: 68)123Figure 11: The use ofeuphemism to hide the truth Grade 10 worksheet 134Figure 12: Tsotsitaal Molamu (2003) 157Figure 13: The tap code (undated: http://www.airsoftgent.be/dbase/tapcode.htm) 159Figure 14: A propagandaposter that promotes the invasion ofAfghanistan. Imagedb.jhuccp.org/dbtw-wpd/images/imagebas/ngaI31.jpg at www.africa2000.com/PNDX/jhupage.htm 181Figure 15: Sony advertisement 190Figure 16: Nonverbal communication Pease (1999: 17) 199Figure 17: Table oftypical pantomimes and their meanings (Ross 1997) 204Figure 18: Deception Detection Coetzee and Russel (2000: 3) 208Figure 19: The motives colour the means Gass andSeiter (2003: 359) 221Figure 20: The two text entry modes: Data <strong>View</strong> and Variable <strong>View</strong> 236Figure 21: Variable view. usedfor setting up the coding parameters in SPSS 11.5 236Figure 22: Setting the correct value label 237Figure 23: Choice ofmeasurement is done under the "measure" column 238Figure 24: Data view 238Figure 25: Enter Data 239Figure 26: "1 am totally honest" Vs "Cheating is a form ofdeception ., 240Figure 27: Analysis ofa partner's nondisclosure ofprevious intimate relationships.. 241Figure 28: Cheating is aform ofdeception 242Figure 29: Pie chart showing gender ofrespondents 244Figure 30: Age ofrespondents 244Figure 31: Ethnic composition ofrespondents 245Figure 32: Gender Vs. Area where respondents grew up 246Figure 33: Country where respondents grew up 246Figure 34: Gender VS "1 like who 1 am 247Figure 35: Self-image by ethnic group 249Figure 36: Cheating in a monopoly game is a form ofdeception 251Figure 37: Telling white lies is aform ofdeception 252Figure 38: Tact sometimes requires saying something completely untrue 253Figure 39: Overestimating one's own abilities is a form ofdeception 256Figure 40: A boxer who feigns a blow is deceiving his opponent 256Figure 41: Nondisclosure ofinformation .. 258Figure 42: Table representing gender composition ofrespondents 2 7 8Figure 43: Table showing correlation between "1 like who 1am" and "I am " 278Figure 44: Self-image by ethnic group 27816
Figure 45: "]am who others think]am" Vs. "How wrong is it to tell the police that a suspect isnot hiding in your home when slhe is?" 279Figure 46: Correlation between "]am totally honest" and "Cheating is a form ofdeception".................................................................................................................................................... 279Figure 47: Correlation between "Area where]grew up" and "Telling white lies is aform ofdeception" 279Figure 48: Correlation between "]am" and "Tact sometimes requires saying somethingcompletely untrue" 280Figure 49: Overestimating one's own abilities is aform ofdeception 2801~
Page 2 and 3: .IIIU IA0603897A
Page 4 and 5: ABSTRACfDECEPTIVE COMMUNICAnONWhen
Page 6 and 7: ABSTRACTDECEPTIVE COMMCNIC\nONWhen
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTSChapter 1 _ _ _ _
Page 11 and 12: The use ofpower in the construction
Page 13 and 14: Lies to protect the suffering .. 13
Page 15 and 16: DISTANCE ..••....•....••.
Page 17 and 18: WRITING CONVENTIONSI wish to draw t
Page 19: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI owe a debt ofgrati
Page 23 and 24: Question 3: What are young people's
Page 25 and 26: danger when a life is threatened. B
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2KEy CO:-;CEPTSINTRODUCTION
Page 29 and 30: DIVERSIONAccording to Caldwell (200
Page 31 and 32: IMPOSTOREnema World English Diction
Page 33 and 34: OMISSIONBIair et a1 (2001: 58) dese
Page 35 and 36: context in which something is estab
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3THEORETIC~L GROC"iDI"iG FO
Page 39 and 40: CONCEPTUAL BLENDINGFauconnier and T
Page 41 and 42: I~I \ ,~YOLitcr Space I~i·····
Page 43 and 44: persoruJ1, social, mental, emotiona
Page 45 and 46: NATHAN'S PARABLE AS A TEST OF THE T
Page 47 and 48: TImoJUllS OFDECEPtIONGass and Seite
Page 49 and 50: According to Gass and Seiter (2003:
Page 51 and 52: attractiveness, or the sheer quanti
Page 53 and 54: Gass and Seiter (2003: 37-40) add t
Page 55 and 56: Bok (1978: 19) stresses that a soci
Page 57 and 58: 6. Heuristic processing relies on m
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 4C(J~I.\IUl'JIC\TIOl\INTROD
Page 61 and 62: problem was not likely ever to be s
Page 63 and 64: Encyclopaedia Brirnnmc" (2004) expl
Page 65 and 66: Conununication is a two-way process
Page 67 and 68: According to Miller and Stiff (1983
Page 69 and 70: SYMBOLS AND MEANINGAccording to Gas
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ooGod TmJlS, carry the greatest ble
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ofimnation ProcessingTheoryG.iss an
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Eco (1978: 3--8) adds that when the
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which the one in the dominant posit
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In doing this, states Sanes, they r
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promise something to someone, and w
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ooRequests: "It would be nice ifyou
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Chapter 5DECEPTI01' IK A~I~L\LSINTR
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Krebs maintains that in say 10 000
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loodstream in times of stress. The
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Bailey (1994: 130) adds that senses
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INFLUENCE STRATEGIES AND COURTSHIP
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that might be cast by the spider's
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kind of fork at the end of their ta
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Communication evolves because it en
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oThe mental operation that detennin
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THE PROBLEMATICS OF psycmc DEFENCEG
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Goleman adds that a telling sign of
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powerful that they disrupt the abil
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activity of the brain is so "nerget
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are comformble enough to allow peop
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COGNITIVE DISSONANCESternberg (1998
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involves a breakdown in self-enhanc
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I will discuss the Enigma machine,
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Bok (1978: 39) explains that there
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ooDefence: unwillingness to admit t
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The following table gives the meani
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Which technique a liar chooses, dep
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In stage 2, children no longer thin
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less consideration is given to mora
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Ekman (1989) maintains that the sec
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Coetzee and Russel (2000: 16-17) go
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Karen acts out a weak sort of lie;
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According to Ekman (1989: 29-30) bo
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who "knew" rlmt his own election wa
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fact that they are so common provid
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from a Iatge number of marginally h
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Bok (1978: 67) cites the example of
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THE DAMAGE DONE BYBENEVOLENT LIESSm
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You do not even have favourable odd
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type of relationship (marriage, eng
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others go a step further by imperso
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DECEPTION IN RESEARCHStemhetg (1998
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Berger and Burgoon (1995: 74-75) ad
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understand them (sometimes requirin
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Word M .Babalaasbek A drunkard, one
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a• __......!..~.~.- -c·-•.._-_
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SPIESAT COURTMelton (1996: 18-19) s
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Melton (1996: 36) states that spies
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developed a dictionary and numerous
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ENIGMAMACHINEAccording to Melton (1
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PmSHINGAccording to Wikipedia (2004
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ordinary risks ofhann incurred by t
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Emon's deceptive financial reportin
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CONCLUSIONlIDs chapter consisted of
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Chapter 8PERSUASION AND PROPAGANDAI
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difference between situations in wh
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PROPAGANDA AND EMOTIONSJackall (199
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no longer periphetal but quite cent
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DoUBLESPEAKGass and Seiter (2003: 1
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Language use in advertisingSymbols
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matter fo.rgotten. He draws a red h
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This poster is a metaphor, which re
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THE PERSUASIVE POWER OF CHARISMAAcc
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Chapter 91HE REL\TIONSHIP BE1WEEN N
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The good observer watches those par
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Figure 16: NOTlVerbal communication
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goals but also their ability to pro
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politicians, lawyers, actors and te
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said Several studies indicate that
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often have incorrect beliefs about
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Hands-otJapptUachBriggs (2000: http
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polygraph and voice stress amlysis
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how confident witnesses are, sugges
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Chapter 10EnUCAL PERSPECTIVES ON DE
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good or bad depends on the situatio
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intent, sincerity, encouragement of
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In the table below, Gass and Setter
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To understand the nature of persuas
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with an attempt of her/his own. All
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ETIlICSAND DECEPTIONGass and Seiter
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Bible warns against the use of lies
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CONCLUSIONIn this chapter I defined
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to my sutVey being conducted with t
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Questions 31 to 36 ask how wrong it
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NameV...lue I dbelsTypeDecimalsLabe
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question. As can be seen from the s
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15% felt it was quite wrong, while
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Chapter 12RESULTSINTRODUCTIONIn thi
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on sensitive issues relating to dec
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(1) of"No response". Compared to th
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Self-image by ethnic groupLegendI.'
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covers up infonnation falsdy presen
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The use oftactAccording to GoletruU
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Almost 19% (17) of the male respond
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the question. Spoilt responses were
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proposed that the terms covert and
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Chapter 13INTRODUCTIONIn this, the
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so that one lie after another rarel
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BibliographyAurHORED REFERENCESAdle
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Carberry, S. (1990). Plan rC(ogniti
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HeiJrnaDD, Mario, F. (Cndated). Soc
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Moore, M. S. (1995). The role of'ry
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Tinbergen, Niko. (1969). AnimalBeha
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ADDENDUM 1: QUESTIONNAIRET6
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lVB: Mark only one option per quest
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12. Cheating in a test is a form of
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24. Tact sometimes requires saying
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36. How wrong is it for parents to
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46. During the 1960 Vietnam War the
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ADDENDUM 2: TABLES
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Correlations!I am whoothersthink I
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INDEXAabsolute social hierarchy, 94
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234,236,238,239,240,241,242,256,296
Page 300 and 301:
123, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 137,
Page 302 and 303:
fear, 50, 86, 116, 117,121,130,140,
show all

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