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ABSTRACTDECEPTIVE COMMCNIC\nONWhen it is legitimate to deceiveothers, and when it is notByYasmin RugbeerIn this dissertation, I present the results of an analysis of the nature ofdeceptiyc communication. I examine when it is legitimate to dcccIYC othersand when it is not. Ibe first part of the study re"iews theories and literaturerelevant to understanding and defining deceptive communication, humanperceptions ,"alucs and bclicfs.I examine possible rcasons why animals cng.Ige in deceptivccommunlcatlon. focus on interpersonal decepti()n~ self-deception;persuasion and propaganda; non'"erhal communication and people\ inabilityto make accurate judgements of deception and ethical perspectives ondeception.Subsequent chapters describe the construction of a survev instrumentemployed to measure and evaluate the extent of deceptive communicationamong uni,~ersity students.Penultimate chapters blend the insights gaincd from this Iiteraturcre<strong>View</strong> to mterpret the results, obtained through the quantitative researchmethodology, to describe a set of conclusions and recommendations in thecontext of deceptiyc communication - when it is legitimate to deceiyc othersand when it is not,11
DedicationThis study is dedicated to my darling children Seema and Raoul.May this dissertation be an inspiration to youIII
Page 2 and 3: .IIIU IA0603897A
Page 4 and 5: ABSTRACfDECEPTIVE COMMUNICAnONWhen
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTSChapter 1 _ _ _ _
Page 11 and 12: The use ofpower in the construction
Page 13 and 14: Lies to protect the suffering .. 13
Page 15 and 16: DISTANCE ..••....•....••.
Page 17 and 18: WRITING CONVENTIONSI wish to draw t
Page 19 and 20: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI owe a debt ofgrati
Page 21 and 22: Figure 45: "]am who others think]am
Page 23 and 24: Question 3: What are young people's
Page 25 and 26: danger when a life is threatened. B
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2KEy CO:-;CEPTSINTRODUCTION
Page 29 and 30: DIVERSIONAccording to Caldwell (200
Page 31 and 32: IMPOSTOREnema World English Diction
Page 33 and 34: OMISSIONBIair et a1 (2001: 58) dese
Page 35 and 36: context in which something is estab
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3THEORETIC~L GROC"iDI"iG FO
Page 39 and 40: CONCEPTUAL BLENDINGFauconnier and T
Page 41 and 42: I~I \ ,~YOLitcr Space I~i·····
Page 43 and 44: persoruJ1, social, mental, emotiona
Page 45 and 46: NATHAN'S PARABLE AS A TEST OF THE T
Page 47 and 48: TImoJUllS OFDECEPtIONGass and Seite
Page 49 and 50: According to Gass and Seiter (2003:
Page 51 and 52: attractiveness, or the sheer quanti
Page 53 and 54: Gass and Seiter (2003: 37-40) add t
Page 55 and 56: Bok (1978: 19) stresses that a soci
Page 57 and 58:
6. Heuristic processing relies on m
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Chapter 4C(J~I.\IUl'JIC\TIOl\INTROD
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problem was not likely ever to be s
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Encyclopaedia Brirnnmc" (2004) expl
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Conununication is a two-way process
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According to Miller and Stiff (1983
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SYMBOLS AND MEANINGAccording to Gas
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ooGod TmJlS, carry the greatest ble
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ofimnation ProcessingTheoryG.iss an
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Eco (1978: 3--8) adds that when the
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which the one in the dominant posit
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In doing this, states Sanes, they r
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promise something to someone, and w
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ooRequests: "It would be nice ifyou
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Chapter 5DECEPTI01' IK A~I~L\LSINTR
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Krebs maintains that in say 10 000
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loodstream in times of stress. The
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Bailey (1994: 130) adds that senses
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INFLUENCE STRATEGIES AND COURTSHIP
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that might be cast by the spider's
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kind of fork at the end of their ta
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Communication evolves because it en
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oThe mental operation that detennin
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THE PROBLEMATICS OF psycmc DEFENCEG
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Goleman adds that a telling sign of
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powerful that they disrupt the abil
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activity of the brain is so "nerget
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are comformble enough to allow peop
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COGNITIVE DISSONANCESternberg (1998
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involves a breakdown in self-enhanc
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I will discuss the Enigma machine,
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Bok (1978: 39) explains that there
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ooDefence: unwillingness to admit t
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The following table gives the meani
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Which technique a liar chooses, dep
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In stage 2, children no longer thin
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less consideration is given to mora
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Ekman (1989) maintains that the sec
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Coetzee and Russel (2000: 16-17) go
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Karen acts out a weak sort of lie;
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According to Ekman (1989: 29-30) bo
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who "knew" rlmt his own election wa
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fact that they are so common provid
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from a Iatge number of marginally h
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Bok (1978: 67) cites the example of
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THE DAMAGE DONE BYBENEVOLENT LIESSm
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You do not even have favourable odd
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type of relationship (marriage, eng
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others go a step further by imperso
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DECEPTION IN RESEARCHStemhetg (1998
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Berger and Burgoon (1995: 74-75) ad
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understand them (sometimes requirin
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Word M .Babalaasbek A drunkard, one
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a• __......!..~.~.- -c·-•.._-_
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SPIESAT COURTMelton (1996: 18-19) s
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Melton (1996: 36) states that spies
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developed a dictionary and numerous
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ENIGMAMACHINEAccording to Melton (1
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PmSHINGAccording to Wikipedia (2004
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ordinary risks ofhann incurred by t
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Emon's deceptive financial reportin
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CONCLUSIONlIDs chapter consisted of
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Chapter 8PERSUASION AND PROPAGANDAI
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difference between situations in wh
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PROPAGANDA AND EMOTIONSJackall (199
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no longer periphetal but quite cent
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DoUBLESPEAKGass and Seiter (2003: 1
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Language use in advertisingSymbols
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matter fo.rgotten. He draws a red h
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This poster is a metaphor, which re
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THE PERSUASIVE POWER OF CHARISMAAcc
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Chapter 91HE REL\TIONSHIP BE1WEEN N
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The good observer watches those par
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Figure 16: NOTlVerbal communication
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goals but also their ability to pro
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politicians, lawyers, actors and te
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said Several studies indicate that
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often have incorrect beliefs about
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Hands-otJapptUachBriggs (2000: http
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polygraph and voice stress amlysis
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how confident witnesses are, sugges
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Chapter 10EnUCAL PERSPECTIVES ON DE
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good or bad depends on the situatio
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intent, sincerity, encouragement of
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In the table below, Gass and Setter
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To understand the nature of persuas
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with an attempt of her/his own. All
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ETIlICSAND DECEPTIONGass and Seiter
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Bible warns against the use of lies
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CONCLUSIONIn this chapter I defined
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to my sutVey being conducted with t
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Questions 31 to 36 ask how wrong it
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NameV...lue I dbelsTypeDecimalsLabe
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question. As can be seen from the s
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15% felt it was quite wrong, while
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Chapter 12RESULTSINTRODUCTIONIn thi
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on sensitive issues relating to dec
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(1) of"No response". Compared to th
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Self-image by ethnic groupLegendI.'
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covers up infonnation falsdy presen
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The use oftactAccording to GoletruU
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Almost 19% (17) of the male respond
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the question. Spoilt responses were
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proposed that the terms covert and
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Chapter 13INTRODUCTIONIn this, the
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so that one lie after another rarel
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BibliographyAurHORED REFERENCESAdle
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Carberry, S. (1990). Plan rC(ogniti
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HeiJrnaDD, Mario, F. (Cndated). Soc
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Moore, M. S. (1995). The role of'ry
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Tinbergen, Niko. (1969). AnimalBeha
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ADDENDUM 1: QUESTIONNAIRET6
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lVB: Mark only one option per quest
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12. Cheating in a test is a form of
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24. Tact sometimes requires saying
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36. How wrong is it for parents to
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46. During the 1960 Vietnam War the
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ADDENDUM 2: TABLES
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Correlations!I am whoothersthink I
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INDEXAabsolute social hierarchy, 94
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234,236,238,239,240,241,242,256,296
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123, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 137,
Page 302 and 303:
fear, 50, 86, 116, 117,121,130,140,
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