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TImoJUllS OFDECEPtIONGass and Seiter (2003: 262-263) explain that several theories ofdeception have been proposedthat provide an undo::n.tanding ofthe type> ofbebaviout:. that are typH:.al of1ianI. The following sectionsdiscuss each ofthese perspectives.'The Four-FacfDI" ModelGass and Seiter (2003: 262) reveal that rather than simply list all of the things that people dowhen telling lies, the Foux-Faetot Model, tries to explain the underlying processes governing deceptivebehaviour. In other words, rnther than tell us what people do when lying, the model tries to tell us whypeople behave differently when lying than when telling the truth. According to the model, the four&ctors that influence behaviour when lying are arousal, attempted control, felt emotions and cognitiveeffort.First, the model assumes that people are more aroused or anxious when telling lies than whentelling the truth. This is also the principle on which the polygraph operntes. We know that results frompolygraphs are inadmissible in courts because they are not 100 percent accurate. 1bis is because asociopath, for instance, who feels no remorse for murder, certainly will not get anxious when lying.Even so, not all people are sociopaths. We know that many people do feel anxious when they lie;perh:ops they fear getting caught. Perhaps telling the lie reminds them ofinformation they want hidden.Perhaps they are simply motivated to succeed in the deceptive task. Whatever the case, we know thatsuch arousal can lead to certain behaviours during deception. Poker players, for example, are said towear Slmglasses because their pupils dilate when they get a good hand Similarly, pupil dilation can be areliable indicator ofdeception.Other arousal cues cm also accompany deception. A few that tese2rchers have investigatedinch.Jde speech errors, speech hesitations, word-phrnse repetitions, increased adaptors (e.g., fingerfidgeting), eye blinks, vocal pitch and leg movements.Secondly, Gass and Seiter (2003: 264-265) add that because people do not want to get caughttelling ~ the FOUl-Factor Model aIgues that they tty to