UEFA, Governance, and the Control of Club Competition in ...

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UEFA, Governance, and the Control of Club Competitionin European Football 1Matthew Holt1 This report was originally published in May 2005 under the auspices of the Football Governance Research Centre,Birkbeck College, University of London. It is now republished under the auspices of the Birkbeck Sport BusinessCentre – see www.sportbusinesscentre.com for contact details - with the permission of the author Matthew Holt.Copyright lies with the author Matthew Holt.
ContentsAcknowledgementsIntroduction: The global governance of sport 1Section 1: Theoretical perspectives 41. Governance and the football industry 4i. Network football: an analytical approach to football governance 4ii. For the good of the game? A normative approach to football governance 5iii. A framework for analysis: stakeholders and networks 7iv. UEFA, FIFA, and the ‘European model of sport’ 102. The organisational structure of UEFA 15i. The pre-eminence of national associations 15ii. UEFA’s internal organisation 17iii. UEFA and stakeholder integration 17Section 2: European football in transition 193. The commercialisation of European football: the pyramid under pressure 19i. A brief history of club football in Europe: 1954 to 1992 21ii. Broadcasting and technology: the growth of clubs and leagues 22iii. The changing political economy of Europe: The free market and the European Union 24iv. The growth of the clubs: corporatisation and branding 28v. The growth of the clubs: Media Partners and the Champions League 30vi. Media Partners and the challenge to governance 344. The contemporary issues in European football 39i. Rationalisation, regulation, and redistribution 39ii. Two leagues or super leagues? Determining the future 43iii. The national system of governance and new conflicts of interest 46iv. The principles of the pyramid: a philosophical framework for progress 53Section 3: The stakeholder challenge 565. UEFA, the European Union and the governance of European football 56i. Sport and the European Union 57ii. UEFA and the European Union 61iii. The ‘specificity’ of sport 64iv. Solidarity and the ‘autonomy’ of sport 66v. ‘Economic’ and ‘sporting’ factors: some future debates 69vi. Footballers, UEFA, and the EU: future challenges? 71vii. UEFA, the EU and the abuse of monopoly position 77viii. Summary: UEFA and the stakeholder network – the future role of the EU 786. UEFA and the stakeholder network of European football 81i. The corporatisation of UEFA: Project FORCE and beyond 81ii. UEFA’s changing stakeholder approach 86iii. The varying influence of stakeholder groups 87iv. The elite clubs and the G14 90v. The European Club Forum and the Club Competitions Committee 96
Page 1: ISSN: 1756-8811UEFA, Governance, an
Page 5: AcknowledgementsThis project could
Page 8 and 9: coming to play an increasingly infl
Page 10 and 11: Section 1:Chapter 1.Theoretical per
Page 12 and 13: So the ‘good governance’ of spo
Page 14 and 15: Table 1: Theories of governanceTheo
Page 16 and 17: the focal organisation will adopt a
Page 18 and 19: different levels of the national ga
Page 20 and 21: I think European sports are based o
Page 22 and 23: The clubs, as the common denominato
Page 24 and 25: mechanisms: committees, expert pane
Page 26 and 27: It is a far cry from the simple the
Page 28 and 29: intention of formulating a continen
Page 30 and 31: eceived from the sale of broadcasti
Page 32 and 33: institutions of Europe. Much of the
Page 34 and 35: 2001: 438). However, whilst noting
Page 36 and 37: Beckham’s progress for Real Madri
Page 38 and 39: which UEFA itself was one of number
Page 40 and 41: Table 2: Champions League market po
Page 42 and 43: opportunity provided by Media Partn
Page 44 and 45: For Hecht, the surprise was the clu
Page 46 and 47: competition (Hamil et al, 1999; Ham
Page 48 and 49: So to cut off revenues from bigger
Page 50 and 51: clubs in question, their different
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organised. 20 Analysis has correctl
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Radnedge, commenting on the role of
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would resolve these problematic iss
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for a programme which includes show
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literature. It is the contention he
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Section 3:The stakeholder challenge
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coalition there are ‘maximalists
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League, rather than being drawn ent
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egulatory authorities will take the
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iii. The ‘specificity’ of sport
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worry very greatly that once it’s
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consideration for the ‘specificit
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and should be extended. The startin
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The governing bodies’ failure to
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in 2000 and this is reflected in th
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up whether it’s a meaningful prop
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Europe, other scenarios can be envi
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possibility of breakaway competitio
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With regard to the governance of UE
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Will’s contention that policy has
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management. The strength of this re
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exclusively consultative rather tha
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iv. The elite clubs and the G14When
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structure of the International Foot
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A lot of people think G14 is a supe
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at the same time, the truism that c
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to build on it. In the three years,
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the homegrown players … you hear
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It is very important for profession
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Thus it may be that co-operation wi
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domestic football to influence the
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with a four year maximum term (Darb
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articulated elsewhere (Sugden and T
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UEFA’s day-to-day involvement in
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good, I think it will be a hugely s
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diverging from those of a different
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It is likely that these bodies will
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The corporatisation of UEFA structu
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Chapter 7.UEFA and the structure of
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pressure. According to Moorhouse:
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Either way, the primacy of the nati
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extend beyond unpredictability. It
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iii. A two-tier Europe? Standards v
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problem with the present system was
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would be delighted by the demotion.
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football, and their role in the ove
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in European football. Does European
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the necessary connection of the sta
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Super Cup should have a role in dec
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ii. A two-pillared UEFA? The nation
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an association level so you don’t
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football they do not adequately rep
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therefore have a greater say in cal
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merits, there are also implicit dan
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protect the rights of less affluent
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elative input of the executive comm
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levels - thus ensuring solidarity a
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ii. Regulating the clubs: UEFA Club
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‘European financial control commi
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maximise the impact of this regulat
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The growth of UEFA has posed new pr
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Using this control of competition a
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Appendix 2:UEFA Champions League re
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Appendix 4:Club Competitions Commit
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6. The UEFA secretariat shall be re
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• to gather and exchange informat
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BibliographyAgnew, P. (2005), ‘Dr
Page 186 and 187:
The Combined Code on Corporate Gove
Page 188 and 189:
Galaskiewicz, J. and Wasserman, S.
Page 190 and 191:
Kurth, T. (2004), ‘Message from T
Page 192 and 193:
Pierre, J. and Peters, B. G. (2000)
Page 194 and 195:
UEFA (2003c) Creating a Better Futu
Page 196 and 197:
Reding, V. (2002) ‘Sport and Tele
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