Applied aeronautics; the airplane - Beeldbibliotheek

Chapter 9NOMENCLATURE FOR AERONAUTICSBased on official nomenclature recommended by the National Advisory Committee forAeronautics and definitions used and standardized by the U. S. Army School ofMilitary Aeronautics at Ohio State University.AERODYNAMICS—The science which treats of the air or other gaseousbodies under the action of forces and of their mechanical effects.AEROFOIL—A thin wing-Hke structure, flat or curved, designed to obtainreaction upon its surfaces from the air through which it moves.AERONAUTICS—That branch of engineering Avliich deals with the design,construction and operation of aircraft.AILERON—A movable auxiliary surface used for the control of rolling motionof an airplane, i. e., rotation about its fore and aft axis.AIRCRAFT—Any form of craft designed for the navigation of the air;airplanes,balloons, dirigibles, helicopters, kites, kite balloons, ornithopters, gliders,etc. ;;*«*l^AIRDROME—The name usually applied to a ground and buildings usedfor aviation.AIRPLANE—A form of aircraft heavier than air, which has wing surfacesfor sustentation, stabilizing surfaces, rudders for steering, power plant forpropulsion through the air and some form of landing gear ;either a gear suitablefor rising from or alighting on the ground, or pontoons or floats suitablefor alighting on or rising from water.In the latter case, the term "Seaplane"is commonly used. (See definition.)Pusher—A type of airplane with the propeller or propellers in the rear ofthe wings.Tractor—A type of airplane with the propeller or propellers in frontof the wings.Monoplane—A form of airplane whose main supporting surface is disposedas a single wing extending equally on each side of the body.Biplane—A form of airplane in which the main supporting surface isdivided into two parts, one above the other.Triplane^—A form of airplane whose main supporting surface is dividedinto three parts, superimposed.