ISLAM FOR BEGINNERS BRS 107.pdf - CUEA

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very prominent and successful in Africa, especially in the North, West and East for variousreasons. The establishment of facts in this matter is always a difficult task; the truth aboutIslamic Brotherhoods remains questionable and sometimes controversial. Here are themajor ones:Sufism with its emphasis on renowned religious knowledge, piety and miracle-working;Qadiriyya with its tolerance and moral rectitude; Shadihiliyya with its political awareness;Tijaniyya taken as the supporter of enculturation, Idrisiyya with its emphasis onrenaissance and expansion of Islam; Sanussiya and Khatmiyya characterized by itsascetic way of life; Ahmadiyya with its vibrant centers for learning have made their wayinto Africa, especially in Western and Eastern parts. It is in these Brotherhoods that wemeet the majority of African Muslims. Wahhabism is another old Brotherhood in SaudiArabia but also present in Africa. Historically, Wahhabis call themselves “al-Muwahhiddun” (the monotheists). They advocates a fundamentalist, puritanical andlegalistic stance in matters of faith and religious practice for the restoration of pure Islamdistorted by a number of new practices such as invoking any prophet, saint or angel inprayer, other than God alone; grave worship, whether to saints'graves or the prophet'sgrave, celebrating annual feasts for dead saints, wearing of charms, and believing in theirhealing power, practicing magic or going to witches for healing , erecting elaboratemonuments over any grave. According to Wahhab and Wahhabi , all these practices aremerely forms of polytheism or idolatry. Maitatsine movement (in the North of Nigeria)known to be very radical or violent, for the number of riots, killings and destruction itsmembers have carried out in 1980 and 1984. Muridiyya or Muridism (Senegal), which istaken as a new African way of following the recommendations of the Qur’ân.Nevertheless, all Muslims are not fundamentalist. Although Shi’ites tend to be moreradical, the average Muslim is like the average Christian. Fundamentalists call themselvesMuslims, but basically they are materialistic, want a good job, and hope to live a goodcomfortable life. The fundamentalist Muslims are somehow disapproved of and disownedby some of their brothers. Three groups emerge nowadays in Islam.Frederic N. Mvumbi,OP Page 80 of 85
LESSON 13OTHER RELATED ISSUESThere are many issues that could be considered in this introduction but we narrow themdown to a few namely the Muslims organizations, the issue of marriage and divorce, theissue of jihad, major Muslim festivals, Muslim calendar.1. Muslim organizationsMuslims long to become one, to build one united community as they were during the timeof Muhammad and the time of Empires where they had only one leader or one Caliph.Unfortunately, nationalism, that is the independence of Countries from the end of 20 thCentury, divided the entire Islamic world into nations which have their independentleaders. This weakens the Umma. So the intiatives of having Organizations is an attemptto re-unite the Umma. There are many but the major ones are 1. World MuslimConference founded in Makka in July 1926; the headquarters is in Karachi.2. Muslim World League founded in Makka in May1962; the headquarters is in Makka.3. Organization of the Islamic Conference founded in Rabbat in September 1969; theheadquarters is in Djeddah.4. World Council for Islamic Da`wah founded in 1971; the headquarters in in Tripoli.2. Marriage, Polygamy and Divorce in IslamMarriage is a sacred Institution in Islam and every Muslim ought to marry. The Qur’angives many regulations for the all that goes into marriage. However, Islam allowspolygamy without imposing it. But two conditions must be fulfilled: 1. The number of wivesdoes not exceed to four. b. the husband must treat them equally (s.4:2-4) Is-it possible totreat four wives equally? This tells us that monogamy is the rule even in Islam. As for thedivorce, the husband is free to send back his wife without asking anyone except God. Insome areas, the wife, too, is capable of asking for it. But divorce, though allowed, is saidto be it is the most horrible thing to do. The following Qur’anic verses illustrate what wehave stated: “ If ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marrywomen of your choice, two, or three, or four; But if you fear that you shall not be able todeal justly with them, then only one, or that you right hands possess. That will be moresuitable, to prevent you from doing injustice.” (s.4:3). “There is no blame on you if youdivorce women before consummation or the fixation of their dower: but bestow on them aFrederic N. Mvumbi,OP Page 81 of 85
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ISLAM FOR BEGINNERSA Handout for te
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2. Islam, known and unknownWhat is
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ut also a cause of unity of all the
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ja⎺far said that he had, the Negu
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outlined in the preceding paragraph
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LESSON 4A BRIEF HISTORY OF ISLAM1.
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1.2 Religious Context1. Arabian Tra
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Summary 3Islam is a historical even
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captured many animals, including tw
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Muhammad claimed to have received h
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-In case of war with anybody all pa
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-The Jews must bear their own expen
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Summary 5 and 6Muhammad was a Makka
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everything in Islamism begins with
Page 30 and 31: “Say. Shall we call on others bes
Page 32 and 33: we have provided for them.” (s.2:
Page 34 and 35: Allah and his words: follow him tha
Page 36 and 37: Summary 7This chapter is the centra
Page 38 and 39: and told us to shroud her in it.”
Page 40 and 41: on Friday (the day of assembly), ha
Page 42 and 43: LESSON 9SHARIÀ, ISLAMIC LAWThere a
Page 44 and 45: The primary sources of SharìaMusli
Page 46 and 47: Sharià indicates not only what ind
Page 48 and 49: influences that Muhammad must have
Page 50 and 51: Even among Muslims, Sharìa a law i
Page 52 and 53: We wonder whether Shari'a has ever
Page 54 and 55: Study Questions 9What is Sharià an
Page 56 and 57: e a great mistake if Christians now
Page 58 and 59: *The unbeliever is also marked with
Page 60 and 61: LESSON 11LEADERSHIP IN ISLAMWe must
Page 62 and 63: 1. LEADERSHIP, QUID?Since all cultu
Page 64 and 65: commands and laws; 21 they are, ind
Page 66 and 67: Al-FATIHAIt is asserted that chrono
Page 68 and 69: The sura begins with three huruf (l
Page 70 and 71: In reviewing the ayats that mention
Page 72 and 73: terms such as God loves them, belie
Page 74 and 75: The fundamental difference between
Page 76 and 77: The two theories are also present i
Page 78 and 79: application and groups debating its
Page 82 and 83: suitable gift, the wealthy accordin
Page 85: Although we admit that we can have
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