Rca1948FrequencyModu.. - The New Jersey Antique Radio Club

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IMPULSE NOISE 233At A the input level was too low for limiting to take place. Thenarrow neck between lobes indicates accurate alignment. The oscillogramsat B and C were taken at progressively higher signal levels.The deep valley between lobes is missing indicating that certain circuitswere detuned. The corresponding oscillograms of discriminatoroutput are shown at D, E and F.The fact that E and F go negativeshows that certain circuits are tuned to a lower frequency at the highersignal level. The circuit which is detuned most is the grid circuit of thelimiter. This is proved by the next six oscillograms. These repeatthe conditions of the preceding six except that the grid of the limiterisnow fed by a tuned circuit having 600 micromicrofarads instead of100 micromicrofarads for a tuning condenser. The detuning at highsignal level is correspondingly less as illustrated by the deep valleybetween lobes at H and / and the smaller negative deflection at Kand L.The detuning caused by grid current can also be minimized byother methods. If the affected transformer is made broader than thepreceding stages the detuning will not affect the overall performance.Italso helps if the Q of the primary and the Q of the secondary areequal and if the coupling is less than critical in the affected transformer.Noise and Signal Applied TogetherWhen signals are being received, all the foregoing comments willapply only if the noise exceeds the carrier by about ten times or more.It is more usual for the noise to be less than the carrier or about equalto it. Under these conditions the noise output is a function of thereaction between the noise wave train and the carrier wave. The noisemay come through purely as amplitude modulation, as frequencymodulation, or as both, depending on the relative phase angle betweenthe noise wave and the carrier wave.To demonstrate these facts with an oscillograph itwas necessaryto build some special equipment. The difficulty with ordinary equipmentis to synchronize the impulse generator with the signal generatorso that the relative phase stays constant. Synchronization is obviouslyalmost impossible with separate sources. To get around thisdifficulty the two waves were obtained from the same source. Thesource chosen was a 10,000 cps oscillator which was fed into twochannels.In one channel the frequency was multiplied through a successionof stages up to the desired frequency of 5 megacycles.In theother channel the 10,000 cps wave was used to generate very narrowunidirectional pulses at the rate of 10,000 per second. The impulses
234 FREQUENCY MODULATION, Volume Iand the 5-Mc signal were applied simultaneously to the input of a5-Mc amplifier having a 200-kc bandwidth. Since the carrier waveand the impulses had a common source, the wave trains due to theimpulses always had the same phase relative to the carrier.However,the relative phase was adjustable by a slight change in the tuning ofone of the circuits in the frequency multiplier.Some of the oscillograms taken with this equipment are shown inFigure 3.In this figure the vertical column of oscillograms on the left
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FREQUENCY MODULATIONVolume IEdited
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1000-3000 watt FM transmitter—194
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:FREQUENCY MODULATIONVolume ICONTEN
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FREQUENCY MODULATION NOISECHARACTER
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 3w na - (u—
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 6to the ratio
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 7where C = ca
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•NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 9nF naF in
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 112G-)F1 aJ.
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ecurrent impulse. It isNOISE CHARAC
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 15constant sh
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 17/ 1 d(t)- (
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 19modulation
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.NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 21vary direc
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 23and frequen
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1NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 25curves for
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 27not conveni
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 29lation rece
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 31theoretical
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 33sponding or
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 35modulation
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 37signal was
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NC1SE CHARACTERISTICS .39Since the
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 41tude modula
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NOISE CHARACTERISTICS 43frequency m
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phase modulation maintained constan
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FREQUENCY MODULATION 47band pass of
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FREQUENCY MODULATION 49IV.Interfere
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FREQUENCY MODULATION 61frequency in
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FREQUENCY MODULATION 53maximum perm
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FREQUENCY MODULATION 55Frequency Mo
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BAND WIDTH AND READABILITY INFREQUE
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BAND WIDTH AND READABILITY 59The re
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BAND WIDTH AND READABILITY 61Listen
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BAND WIDTH AND READABILITY 63The cu
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VARIATION OF BANDWIDTH WITH MODULAT
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VARIATION OF BANDWIDTH 67
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VARIATION OF BANDWIDTH0.0606 4998 7
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iVARIATION OF BANDWIDTH 71Example:
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ItVARIATION OF BANDWIDTH 73where 6
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whereVARIATION OF BANDWIDTHmEn=—
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A PRETUNED TURNSTILE ANTENNA*tByGeo
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THE RATIO DETECTOR*!ByStuart Wm. Se
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—PUSH-PULL FREQUENCY MODULATED CI
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APPENDIX IFREQUENCY MODULATIONA Bib
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FREQUENCY MODULATION BIBLIOGRAPHY"F
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FM BIBLIOGRAPHY 511"Input Impedance
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APPENDIX IIFM STATION PLACEMENT AND
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STATION PLACEMENT AND FIELD SURVEY
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