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44Sangwan and Sangwanpathogenic mechanism of peroxidative damage tolipid membranes (Gordeuk et al., 1987). The extent ofinjury depends on the antioxidant status of the animal,particularly its vitamin E status (Omara and Blakeley,1993; Ibrahim et al., 1997). Caeruloplasmin, a coppercontaining protein, has also been reported to provideantioxidant defences by scavenging free-iron andfree-radicals (Saneko et al., 1994).In summation, clinical signs in terms of anaemia, lowlevels of iron in whole blood and erythrocytes and thepresence of high concentrations of iron in liver andspleen suggest that T. annulata can harm its host bydisrupting the normal functioning of liver and spleen,upon which effective protective immune responsesand biochemical mechanisms depend. So, it isimportant not to supplement Theileria-infectedanimals with iron, but rather give them other nutrientswhich help in preventing the oxidative damage (suchas vitamin E) and better utilization of iron forerythropoiesis.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis work was carried out at CCS HaryanaAgricultural University, Regional Research Station,Uchani, Karnal, and was financially supported by theNational Agricultural Research Project of the IndianCouncil of Agricultural Research.REFERENCESDunkan L (Edt.).1976. Chemical Analysis by AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotoscopy. (Third Ed). Lea andFebiger, Philadelphia.Forsyth LMG, Minns FC, Kirvar E, Adamson RE, Hall FR,McOrist S, Brown CGD and Preston PM.1999. Tissuedamage in cattle infected with Theileria annulataaccompanied by metastasis of cytokine-producing, schizontinfected mononuclear phagocytes. Journal of ComparativePathology. 120:39-57.Georgievskii VI, Annenkov BN and Samokin VI (Eds.).1982.Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences. 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