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62 Gupta et al.Table II: Dimorphic trypomastigotes from Heteropneustes fossilis (all measurements in µm)Parasite T. mukundi T. heteropneusti n.spAuthor(s) Raychaudhuri and Misra Present studyLocality 1973, India India (n = 50)ComponentParts/formsSlender Stumpy Small LargeCF 32.5-43.5 22.0-28.0 27.9 37.83(23.5-30.5) (33.1-43.8)CL 24.0-28.5 18.0-23.5 16.7 22.6(14.4-19.0) (20.1-24.2)CB 2.0-2.5 1.9-2.5 1.68 1.40(1.45-1.95) 1.3-1.5)FL 9.0-15.5 4.0-6.5 8.48 16.05(6.95-11.4) (12.05-18.6)NL 2.25-3.75 2.25-3.75 2.64 2.63(1.41-3.35) (1.51-3.30)NB 1.75-2.25 1.75-2.25 1.14 1.23(1.1-1.2) (0.95-1.25)KB 0.75-7.5 0.75 0.93 0.90(0.90-0.95) (0.8-0.95)KL - - 1.18 1.16(1.07-1.35) (0.8-1.35)* Abbreviations same as in Table Iposteriorly with a single, long free-flagellum and a process slowed down by increasing (30° C) ornormal undulating membrane (Fig. 1J). The decreasing (10° C) the temperature (Lom, 1973; Wookinetoplast usually divided subsequent to nuclear et al., 1983; Islam and Woo 1992). Qadri (1955), Dalydivision but in some instances, it was the first to and Degiusti (1971), Khan (1972), Grogl et al. (1980)divide. Interestingly, both longitudinal as well as and Mukerjee and Haldar (1982) reported the absencetransverse division occurred during the division of of divisional stages in the fish blood. Longitudinalkinetoplast although the former was more frequent binary fission in culture form of T. striati (Qadri,(Fig. 2D). The two nuclei now migrated, one in either 1955); binucleated trypomastigotes in T. batrachiarm (Fig. 2E) and the parasite stretched between the Qadri (1962), T. maguri and T. vittati (Tandon andtwo kinetoplasts prior to cytokinesis (Fig. 2F). One Joshi, 1973), T. mrigali (Joshi, 1976) and T. attiiabnormal trypanosome with three kinetoplasts (Fig. (Gupta and Jairajpuri, 1982b) have also been1K), dividing prior to nuclear division, could also be observed.observed which does not fit into the sequence ofdivisional events of trypanosome multiplication and isTwo small trypanosomes possessing two nuclei andapparently an aberrant form.two kinetoplasts (Baker, 1960), and two oppositenuclei and a central kinetoplast (Raychaudhuri andDivision in trypanosomes has been reported rarely. Misra, 1973) have also been put on record. WenyonLaveran and Mesnil (1907) reported absence of (1926) and Lewis and Ball (1981) reported kinetoplastdivision in T. remarki but occasionally observed forms division prior to nuclear, whereas Burreson (1982)with two nuclei in the parva variety. T. danilewskyi recorded a reverse condition in Trypanoplasmadivided at 20° C satisfactorily in gold fish but the bullocki. In T. heteropneusti n.sp, both instances have
Two new species of Trypanosoma63been recorded but prior nuclear division dominatesprior kinetoplast division. The nuclear division in ourspecimens indicate only the transverse division. Thecytokinesis and flagellar division were not observed.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThanks are expressed to the University GrantCommission, New Delhi, India, for providingfinancial grant in the form of a research project.REFERENCESBaker JR. 1960. Trypanosomes and dactylosomes from theblood of freshwater fish in East Africa. Parasitology. 50 :515 - 526.Burreson EM. 1982. The life cycle of Trypanoplasma bullocki(Zoomastigophorea: Kinetoplastida). Journal ofProtozoology. 29 : 72 - 77.Castellani A and Willey A. 1905. Observations on haematozoain Ceylon. Quarternary Journal of Microscopic Science. 49 :383 - 402.Daly JJ and Degiusti DL. 1971. Trypanosoma catostomi n. sp.from the white sucker Catostomus C. commersoni. Journalof Protozoology.18 : 414 - 417.Grogl M, Marinerlle CJ, Suarez MF, Sanchez NH and Guhl F.1980. Trypanosoma magdalenae n. sp. (Protozoa:Kinetoplastida) from a fresh water teleost, Petenia kraussiiin Columbia. Journal of Parasitology. 66 : 1022 - 1026.Gupta DK and Gupta N. 1994. A comparative study of culturemedia for Trypanosoma kargenensis n. sp. fromHeteropneustes fossilis and its effect on the biochemicalcomposition of fish. In: Proc. Third Asian Fish. Forum.Chou et al. (Eds) A. F. S. Philippines. pp320-323.Gupta DK, Gupta N and Yadav P. 1987. New polymorphictrypanosomes from two freshwater fishes. HimalayanJournal of Environment and Zoology. 1 : 93 - 97.Gupta N, Gupta DK and Saraswat H. 2001. Hypoglycemia inHeteropneustes fossilis parasitized by two new species ofparasites Trypanosoma karelensis n.sp and Myxosomafossilii. n.sp. In: Proceedings of the National Symposium onFish Health, Management and SustainableAquaculture.pp179-186.Gupta N and Jairajpuri DS. 1981. Trypanosoma singhii n. sp.from a fresh water teleost, Heteropneustes fossilis. IndianJournal of Parasitology. 5 : 251 - 253.Gupta N and Jairajpuri DS. 1982a. Trypanosoma aligaricus n.sp. from the freshwater murrel, Ophiocephalus punctatusBloch. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 125 : 109 - 114.Gupta N and Jairajpuri DS. 1982b. A new polymorphictrypanosome from an Indian freshwater fish Wallago attu(Bl. and Schn.) Rivista di Parassitologia. 43: 287-292.Gupta N and Saraswat H. 1991. Trypanosoma rohilkhandae n.sp. from fresh water teleost fish Channa (= Ophiocephalus)punctatus. Himalayan Journal of Environment and Zoology.5 : 29 -33.Haldar DP and Mukherjee M. 1979. An annolated list ofprotozoan parasites from Ophicephalus punctatus Bloch, acommon food - fish. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 121 : 392 -400.Hasan R and Qasim SZ. 1962. Trypanosoma punctati n. sp.from the fish Ophiocephalus punctatus Bloch a commonfresh water murrel of India. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde.22 : 118 - 122.Islam AKMN and Woo PTK. 1992. Effects of temperature onthe in vivo and in vitro multiplication of Trypanosomadanilewskyi, Laveran and Mesnil. Folia Parasitologica. 39 :1 - 12.Joshi BD. 1976. Two new species of trypanosomes from freshwater teleosts. Indian Journal of Zootomy. 17 : 5 - 10.Khan RA. 1972. On a Trypanosoma from the Atlantic cod,Gadus morhua. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 50 : 1051 -1054.Laveran A and Mesnil F. 1907. Trypanosomes andTrypanosomiasis. Ist Ed. Bailliere, Tindall and Cox(Translated into English by D. Nabarro) London.Lewis JW and Ball SJ. 1981. Observation on the division ofepimastigotes of Trypanosoma cobitis. Archiv furProtistenkunde. 124 : 337 - 344.Lom J. 1973. Experimental infection of gold fish with bloodflagellates. In : Progress in Protozoology, Proceedings of theInternational Congress in Protozoology. pp 255.Misra KK, Chandra AK and Choudhury A. 1973. Trypanosomagachuii n. sp. from a fresh water teleost fish Ophicephalusgachua Ham. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 115: 18 - 21.Mukherjee M and Haldar DP. 1982. Host susceptibilityexperiments on a new fish trypanosome in India.Angewandte Parasitology. 23 : 69 - 73.Pearse AS. 1933. Parasites of Siamese fishes and crustaceans.Journal of the Siamese Siena Society of Natural History,Supplement. 9 : 179 - 191.Qadri SS. 1955. The morphology of Trypanosoma striati n. sp.from an Indian freshwater fish. Parasitology. 45 : 79 - 85.Qadri SS. 1962. An experimental study of the life cycle ofTrypanosoma danilewskyi in the leech, Hemiclepsismarginata. Journal of Protozoology. 9 : 254 - 258.Raychaudhuri S and Misra KK. 1973. Two new fishtrypanosomes from India. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 115 :10 - 17.Tandon RS and Joshi BD. 1973. Studies on the physiopathologyof blood of freshwater fishes infected with two new forms oftrypanosomes. Zeitchrift fur Wissen schaftliche Zoologie.185 : 207 - 221.Wenyon CM. 1926. Protozoology. Bailliere, Tindall and Cox.London. pp1563.Woo PTK, Wehnert DS and Rodgers D. 1983. Thesusceptibility of fishes to haemoflagellates at differentambient temperatures. Parasitology. 87 : 385 - 392.
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TISSN: 0971-7196Journal ofVolume 30
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JOURNAL OF PARASITIC DISEASESVolume
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JOURNAL OF PARASITIC DISEASESVolume
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Journal of Parasitic Diseases: Vol.
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Editor's Note3this policy may not b
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Haemonchus histochemistry, biochemi
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Haemonchus histochemistry, biochemi
Page 18 and 19: 12 Soodconcentration (Kocher et al.
Page 20 and 21: 14 SoodKapur J and Sood ML. 1984b.
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Page 24 and 25: 18 Banyal and Elangbamin vitro. The
Page 26 and 27: 20 Banyal and Elangbamparasite in t
Page 28 and 29: 22 Banyal and Elangbamand presence
Page 30 and 31: 24 Banyal and ElangbamTable I: Mala
Page 32 and 33: 26 Banyal and Elangbamantibodies in
Page 34 and 35: 28 Banyal and ElangbamSchneider J,
Page 38 and 39: 32 Lahiri and Bhattacharyasurfaces
Page 40 and 41: 34 Lahiri and Bhattacharya9+2 micro
Page 42 and 43: 36 Lahiri and BhattacharyaKillick-K
Page 44 and 45: 38Edward and Bernardtopographical f
Page 46 and 47: 40Edward and Bernardfour villages b
Page 48 and 49: 42Sangwan and Sangwanvaccinated aga
Page 50 and 51: 44Sangwan and Sangwanpathogenic mec
Page 52 and 53: 46Ravindran and WilliamsMATERIALS A
Page 54 and 55: 48Ravindran and WilliamsTable I. Mo
Page 56 and 57: 50Ravindran and WilliamsTable IV. D
Page 58 and 59: 52Ravindran and WilliamsACKNOWLEDGE
Page 60 and 61: 54 Jamali et al.(vaginal discharge,
Page 62 and 63: 56Jamali et al.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Page 66 and 67: 60 Gupta et al.therefore, the prese
Page 72 and 73: 66 Jayraw and RaoteTable I. Effect
Page 76 and 77: 70 Venkatesh, Ramalingam and Vijayl
Page 84 and 85: 78 Ghosh and GayenDescription of th
Page 86 and 87: 80 Ghosh and Gayen30 µm30 µmCBCBC
Page 88 and 89: 82Manjula and Janardananmicrometres
Page 90 and 91: 84Manjula and JanardananMiracidiumF
Page 92 and 93: 86 Hirani et al.haemoglobin concent
Page 94 and 95: 88Hirani et al.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSJosh
Page 96 and 97: 90 Gupta and SinghOvary rounded, en
Page 102 and 103: 96 Rajendran and DubeOptiMAL and IC
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