<strong>The</strong> <strong>Important</strong> <strong>Bird</strong> <strong>Areas</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Florida</strong>: 2000–2002 – Pranty – 2-Jul-02 172LAKE WALES RIDGEPublicly owned sites are Lake Arbuckle State Park (2813 acres; 1125 ha), Lake June-In-WinterScrub State Park (845 acres; 338 ha), Lake Placid Wildlife and Environmental Area (3150 acres;1260 ha), Lake Wales Ridge State Forest (16,675 acres; 6670 ha), and Platt Branch MitigationPark Wildlife and Environmental Area (1972 acres; 788 ha). Archbold Biological Station (5200acres; 2080 ha), Saddle Blanket Lakes Preserve (642 acres; 256 ha), and Tiger Creek Preserve(4778 acres; 1911 ha) are privately-owned conservation areas. Part <strong>of</strong> the Catfish Creek CARL–FFProject (11,280 acres; 4512 ha) has been acquired as Allan David Brossard Catfish CreekPreserve State Park (4339 acres; 1735 ha). Sites targeted for public acquisition (most are partiallyacquired) through the Lake Wales Ridge Ecosystem CARL–FF Project (43,089 acres [17,235 ha],with 20,378 acres [8295 ha] acquired) are: Avon Park Lakes (225 acres; 90 ha, unacquired) CarterCreek (4630 acres; 1852 ha, mostly acquired), Castle Hill (75 acres; 30 ha, unacquired), FlamingoVillas (1420 acres; 568 ha, about 50% acquired), Flat Lake (120 acres; 48 ha, acquired), Gould Road(419 acres; 167 ha, nearly all acquired), Henscratch Road (2869 acres; 1147 ha, nearly all acquired),Hesperides (2696 acres; 1078 ha, some acquired), Highlands Ridge (6318 acres; 2527 ha, about halfacquired), Holmes Avenue (1269 acres; 507 ha, nearly all acquired), Horse Creek Scrub (1325 acres;530 ha, mostly acquired), Lake Apthorpe (2503 acres; 1001 ha, nearly all acquired), Lake Blue (65acres; 26 ha, mostly acquired), Lake Davenport (500 acres; 200 ha, unacquired), Lake McLeod (55acres; 22 ha, nearly all acquired), Lake Walk-In-<strong>The</strong>-Water (8615 acres; 3446 ha, mostly acquired),McJunkin Ranch (750 acres; 300 ha, acquired), Mountain Lake Cut<strong>of</strong>f (217 acres; 86 ha, nearly allunacquired), Ridge Scrub (80 acres; 32 ha, unacquired), Sch<strong>of</strong>ield Sandhill (120 acres; 48 ha,unacquired), Silver Lake (2020 acres; 808 ha, mostly acquired), Sugarloaf Mountain (52 acres; 20 ha,some acquired), Sun ‘N Lakes South (570 acres; 228 ha, some acquired), Sunray–Hickory Lake South(1970 acres; 788 ha, some acquired), and Trout Lake (65 acres; 26 ha, unacquired).Highlands, Lake, Osceola, and Polk counties69,011 acres (27,604 ha), with 44,117 acres (17,646 ha) acquiredLOCATION: in southeastern Lake County, extreme northwestern Osceola County, eastern Polk County,and western Highlands County, generally along U.S. Highway 27 from north <strong>of</strong> Clermont south toVenus. Parcels are contiguous with the Avon Park Air Force Range–Bombing Range Ridge and LakeIstokpoga IBAs to the east, and the Fisheating Creek Watershed IBA to the south. Other parcels arenear the Highlands Hammock–Charlie Creek IBA to the west.DESCRIPTION: approximately 30 separate parcels <strong>of</strong> uplands along the Lake Wales Ridge, an ancientdune system in the center <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Florida</strong> Peninsula. <strong>The</strong> Lake Wales Ridge is the oldest biologicalcommunity in <strong>Florida</strong>, and during periods <strong>of</strong> higher sea levels, it at times represented a series <strong>of</strong>islands, as most <strong>of</strong> the Peninsula was submerged. This isolation from the rest <strong>of</strong> the continent hasallowed several species <strong>of</strong> plants and animals to evolve on the Ridge, creating one <strong>of</strong> the greatestconcentrations <strong>of</strong> endemism in North America. <strong>The</strong> dominant vegetation community historically wasxeric oak scrub, which grows only on excessively drained sandy soils. Destruction <strong>of</strong> scrub along theRidge, predominantly by the citrus industry, began in the late 19 th century. By the early 1990s, over85% <strong>of</strong> xeric oak scrub on the Lake Wales Ridge had been destroyed, and efforts were undertaken topurchase the remaining significant parcels. This land acquisition effort became the Lake Wales RidgeEcosystem CARL–FF Project, a cooperative effort <strong>of</strong> several Federal, State, and private agencies; ithas been the top-ranked acquisition project in <strong>Florida</strong> for several years. Also part <strong>of</strong> the U.S. <strong>National</strong>Wildlife Refuge system, it is the first refuge established specifically for the protection <strong>of</strong> Endangeredand Threatened plants. Several <strong>of</strong> the sites are “vacant” subdivision with many miles (km) <strong>of</strong> roads,but with few or no houses. [Is the number <strong>of</strong> visitors known for any site? Archbold?]OWNERSHIP: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (part <strong>of</strong> Carter Creek Tract and all <strong>of</strong> Flamingo Villas Tract;Lake Wales Ridge <strong>National</strong> Wildlife Refuge), <strong>Florida</strong> Division <strong>of</strong> Forestry (Lake Wales RidgeState Forest), <strong>Florida</strong> Division <strong>of</strong> Recreation and Parks (Lake Arbuckle State Park, Lake June-In-
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Important</strong> <strong>Bird</strong> <strong>Areas</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Florida</strong>: 2000–2002 – Pranty – 2-Jul-02 173Winter Scrub State Park, and Allan David Broussard Catfish Creek Preserve State Park), <strong>Florida</strong>Division <strong>of</strong> Wildlife (Lake Placid Wildlife and Environmental Area and Platt Branch Mitigation Parkand Wildlife and Environmental Area), Archbold Expeditions, Inc. (Archbold Biological Station;permission sought), <strong>The</strong> Nature Conservancy (Saddle Blanket Lakes Preserve, Tiger Creek Preserve,and several <strong>of</strong> the Lake Wales Ridge CARL–FF Project sites; permission sought), and private owners(remaining acreage <strong>of</strong> the Lake Wales Ridge CARL–FF Project)HABITATS: *pine flatwoods, *xeric oak scrub, *sand pine scrub, southern ridge sandhill, temperatehammock, fields, non-native pasture, cutthroat seeps, cypress swamp, bayhead, freshwater marsh,riverine, lacustrine, artificialLAND USE: *conservation, recreation, hunting (Lake Wales Ridge State Forest only), timber production(a few sites only)IBA CATEGORIES: significant populations <strong>of</strong> Threatened species; complete diversity <strong>of</strong> oak scrub andsand pine scrub species; significant diversity <strong>of</strong> wood-warblers; significant natural habitats; and longtermresearchAVIAN DATA: Although established primarily to prevent the extinction <strong>of</strong> several endemic plant species,the Lake Wales Ridge acquisition project is also essential for maintaining viable population <strong>of</strong> <strong>Florida</strong>Scrub-Jays in the interior central Peninsula; the Ridge supports the third-largest population remaining.Glen Woolfenden, John Fitzpatrick, and their colleagues have closely monitored a stable, colorbandedpopulation <strong>of</strong> about 100 <strong>Florida</strong> Scrub-Jays at Archbold since 1969, one <strong>of</strong> the longestrunningcontinuous bird studies in the world. A small, color-banded population <strong>of</strong> HairyWoodpeckers was studied at Archbold from 1988 to 1994. Pine flatwoods along the Ridge supportlarge numbers <strong>of</strong> Bachman’s Sparrows. Xeric oak scrub is rather depauperate in bird diversity, but thebird list for Archbold Biological Station nonetheless totals 212 native species, the results <strong>of</strong>observations <strong>of</strong> dozens <strong>of</strong> ornithologists for more than 30 years. Because most <strong>of</strong> the other CARL–FFparcels are privately owned or recently acquired, it is likely that the Archbold bird list represents theknown avifauna <strong>of</strong> the Lake Wales Ridge.Archbold Biological Station:SPECIES DATES NUMBERS COMMENTS<strong>Florida</strong> Scrub-Jay 1992–1993 ~100 groups 3% (R)Wood-warbler diversity since 1941 30 speciesOverall diversity since 1941 212 natives9 exoticsLong-term research since 1969 <strong>Florida</strong> Scrub-Jay studyScrub-jay data from +Pranty (1996b); diversity data from +(Lohrer and Woolfenden 1992; revised online in 1998)All other sites combined:SPECIES DATES NUMBERS COMMENTS<strong>Florida</strong> Scrub-Jay 1992–1993 ~265 groups 7% (R); approximate number <strong>of</strong> groups per site: Allan DavidBrossard Catfish Creek Preserve State Park (35),Avon Park Lakes (5), Carter Creek (35), FlamingoVillas (7), Henscratch Road–Jack Creek (20),Hesperides (5), Highlands Ridge (45), Holmes Avenue(10), Lake Apthorpe (25), Lake June West (10), LakePlacid Scrub (30), Lake Wales Ridge State Forest (13),Platt Branch (10), Saddle Blanket Lakes (2), SilverLake (10), and Sunray–Hickory Lake South (2)Data from +Pranty (1996b)