The Important Bird Areas of Florida - National Audubon Society

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The Important Bird Areas of Florida: 2000–2002 – Pranty – 2-Jul-02 258GREAT WHITE HERON NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGEMonroe County192,584 acres (77,033 ha), with 6297 acres (2815 ha) of uplandsLOCATION: in southwestern Monroe County, north of U.S. Highway 1 in the Lower Keys, extendingabout 40 miles 964 km) east to west (from Marathon to Key West). Nearly one-third of the Refuge isdesignated as Wilderness, and the entire Refuge is accessible only by boat. Just east of the Key WestNational Wildlife Refuge IBA to the west, and contiguous with parts of the Florida Keys HammocksIBA to the east and south.DESCRIPTION: dozens of small keys in the Gulf of Mexico, north of the Mainline Keys. Together withKey West National Wildlife Refuge, this IBA includes all remaining offshore, raccoon-free islands inthe Lower Keys available as breeding, foraging, and roosting sites for wading birds and other species.Visitation is estimated at 12,000 recreationists annually.OWNERSHIP: U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceHABITATS: *marine, *mangrove forest, coastal strandLAND USE: *conservation, recreationIBA CATEGORIES: significant populations of Threatened and FCREPA species; and significant naturalhabitatsAVIAN DATA: This IBA supports extremely significant populations of “Great White” Herons and WhitecrownedPigeons, and probably other species as well. The Refuge probably is much more importantthat is indicated by the limited data below.SPECIES DATES NUMBERS COMMENTS“Great White” Heron 1999–20002000–2001202 nests147 nests22% (B)16% (B)White-crowned Pigeon Jun–Jul 2001 1608 pairs 18% (B)Data provided by Tom Wilmers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)OTHER RESOURCES: Sea turtles nest of the sandy beaches of some of the keys. • The islands aresurrounded by 300 square miles (768 square km) of shallow marine habitats such as sand flats,seagrass “meadows,” and patch coral reefs.THREATS: [will need to get this information from Tom], *sea-level riseCONSERVATION ISSUES: The Refuge has no dedicated personnel; it is managed as a satellite of NationalKey Deer Refuge. • Management activities include mechanical and chemical control of exotic plants,wildlife monitoring, and law enforcement.NOMINATED BY: Tom Wilmers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)WEBSITE:
The Important Bird Areas of Florida: 2000–2002 – Pranty – 2-Jul-02 259KEY WEST NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGEMonroe County208,308 acres (83,323 ha), of which 2109 acres (843 ha) are uplandsLOCATION: in far southwestern Monroe County, in the Straits of Florida 0.5–31 miles (0.8–50 km) westof Key WestDESCRIPTION: Several mangrove keys west of Key West, including the Marquesas Keys. The entireRefuge is designated as Federal Wilderness and the marine portions are managed with the State. Onekey (Ballast Key) is privately owned. The Refuge receives about 10,000 recreationists annually,many of whom trespass.OWNERSHIP: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, private (Ballast Key)HABITATS: *mangrove forest, tropical hardwood hammock, tidal marsh, coastal strand, “non-tidal washflats”LAND USE: *conservation (Federal Wilderness), recreation, privateIBA CATEGORIES: significant populations of Endangered, Threatened, Special Concern, FCREPA, andIBA species; complete diversity of mangrove forests species; and significant natural habitatsAVIAN DATA: the Refuge supports large numbers of breeding “Great White” Herons and White-crownedPigeons, contains the most important site in the Keys for wintering Piping Plovers, and supportsseveral other groups of birds such as wading birds, shorebirds, raptors, and landbirds. The MarquesasKeys formerly supported the only breeding colony of Magnificent Frigatebirds in the continentalUnited States, but disturbance from low-flying Navy aircraft caused the birds to move to DryTortugas National Park (frigatebirds still roost within the Refuge). [Is a bird list available?].SPECIES DATES NUMBERS COMMENTSBrown Pelican 7 Jan 2001 600 birds (N)Magnificent Frigatebird Jun–Aug 2000 800 birds 16% (N); all roosts combined“Great White” Heron Oct 1999–Feb 2000 peak of 265 nests 31% (B)Little Blue Heron 17 Apr 2000 175 pairs 2% (B)Reddish Egret 16 Apr 1992 15 birds 1% (N)Osprey 1989–1991 peak of 120 nests 7% (B)Short-tailed Hawk single day in Nov 1996 6 birds 1% (W); Boca Grande KeyMerlin single day in Oct 1997 43 birds (M)Peregrine Falcon single day in Oct 1996 70 birds 3% (M)Piping Plover 20 Feb 1998 29 birds 5% (W)Laughing Gull Jun 1996 200 nests 1% (B); Horseshoe KeyRoyal Tern Oct 1996 450 birds (N)Sandwich Tern Jul 1995 60 birds 6% (N)Least Tern Jul 1999 525 birds 5% (N)White-crowned Pigeon May–Aug 2001 >2000 nesting pairs >20% (B); 7 keys surveyed,with >1200 pairs onBarrocouta KeyMangrove Cuckoo 1985–2001 Uncommon (R)“Cuban” Yellow Warbler May–Aug 2001 Uncommon (R)Overall diversity ____ list ____ natives____ exoticsAll data provided by Tom Wilmers (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)OTHER RESOURCES: Boca Grande Key and the Marquesas Keys contain tropical hardwood hammocksthat support several rare plants [such as ].THREATS: *human disturbance, *sea-level rise, exotic plants
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MemorandumBill Pranty, Florida IBA
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The Important Bird Areas of Florida
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THE IMPORTANTBIRD AREAS OFFLORIDA:
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The Important Bird Areas of Florida - National Audubon Society

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