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As-Is and e-Readiness Study report on Public Health EngineeringDepartment, Govt. of <strong>Assam</strong>to rural population for having safe and sustainable drinking water supply rather than a merecoverage of habitations, the latter not necessarily speaking about equity and vulnerabilityissues. Therefore the aim is to work at achieving household level drinking water security,which shall obviously ensure universal access.History stands witness to man’s use of varied forms of technology and science, rangingfrom the simplest to the most complicated, for storing and extracting water. India has aparticularly strong tradition of water harvesting – communities have met their minimumwater requirements effectively by collecting rainwater locally, diverting and storing waterfrom local streams and springs and tapping sub-surface water. However, these traditionaltechnologies and methods have fallen prey to inattention and ignorance over time, andneed to be revived and rejuvenated. On the other hand are the most modern, state-of-thearttechnologies and practices which could make a lot of difference in these water-stressedtimes. This approach offers today’s water managers a range of choices which will enablethem to make their own water security plans in an effective manner – by taking from thebest practices of both the worlds and adopting them viably for best results.Communities can combine and converge this knowledge with modern technologies andscientific tools such as satellite imaging. Emphasizing on the urgent need for rainwaterharvesting, replenishing and restoring existing surface water bodies and creating newones, and recharging groundwater, this segment urges practitioners to think beyond theconventional and look for innovative solutions.2. PRINCIPLESSwajaldhara has certain fundamental reform principles, which need to be adhered to by theState Governments and the Implementing Agencies. The principles are as follows:-(i) adoption of a demand-responsive, adaptable approach along with community participationbased on empowerment of villagers to ensure their full participation in the project through adecision making role in the choice of the drinking water scheme, planning, design,implementation, control of finances and management arrangements;(ii) full ownership of drinking water assets with appropriate levels of Panchayats.(iii) P anchayats / communities to have the powers to plan, implement, operate, maintainand manage all Water Supply and Sanitation schemes,(iv) partial capital cost sharing either in cash or kind including labour or both, 100%responsibility of operation and maintenance (O&M) by the users ;(v) an integrated service delivery mechanism.(vi) taking up of conservation measures through rain water harvesting and ground waterrecharge systems for sustained drinking water supply; andRef.: AEDC/AOP/EOI/2009/10 Copyright : AEDC Ltd. 30
As-Is and e-Readiness Study report on Public Health EngineeringDepartment, Govt. of <strong>Assam</strong>(vii) shifting the role of Government from direct service delivery to that of planning, policyformulation, monitoring and evaluation, and partial financial support.3.2 Swajaldhara will have two Dharas (streams). First Dhara (Swajaldhara I) will be for aGram Panchayat (GP) or a group of GPs or an intermediate Panchayat (at Block / Tehsillevel) and the Second Dhara (Swajaldhara II) will have a District as the Project area.Swajaldhara - I3.3 States can implement Swajaldhara in Blocks / Gram Panchayats in the districts outsidethe Swajaldhara II project districts. In such cases all the fundamental reform principles areto be followed in those areas. Thus, the lowest unit for implementing the reform initiativeunder Swajaldhara –I would be a Gram Panchayat. A group of Gram Panchayats or theIntermediate Panchayat could also come up with project proposals. Swajaldhara –I beingprimarily for a Gram Panchayat should normally have small drinking water schemes. Multi-Gram Panchayat schemes, while not prohibited, would require specific and preciseformulation of capital cost sharing, operation and maintenance arrangements and costcollection mechanisms.3.4 Specific proposals under Swajaldhara - I will be sanctioned by the District Water andSanitation Committee (DWSC) provided the projects conform to the Guidelines ofSwajaldhara.3.5 If more than 50% of Blocks/Gram Panchayats in any particular District opt for rural watersupply schemes under Swajaldhara –I, the StateGovernment could consider posing / taking up the entire District under Swajaldhara –II tothe State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM).Swajaldhara - II3.6 The District is the unit for implementing the reform initiative under Swajaldhara – II.The State Governments would identify districts where chances of success of Swajaldharaare high and prepare proposals for implementation of Swajaldhara II. Such requests shouldhave project proposal along with Project Implementation Plan (PIP) and Detailed ProjectReport (DPR). The District selection under Swajaldhara –II will be made by the State Waterand Sanitation Mission (SWSM) in all States / Union Territories.PROJECT ACTIVITIES1 During project preparation, a detailed project implementation schedule would bedeveloped. The projects under Swajaldhara would follow a scheme cycle of about 36months consisting of four distinct phases and a post project completion phase. Sincemostly small schemes are likely to be taken up in a single Gram Panchayat underSwajaldhara –I, the duration of scheme cycle could be between 12-18 months. It may,Ref.: AEDC/AOP/EOI/2009/10 Copyright : AEDC Ltd. 31
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