FEATURE CASE STUDY:Making an impact on developmentand progress in LaosA highlight of <strong>2011</strong> was the publication inFebruary of a detailed external and comparativeassessment of MMG’s contribution to developmentin the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) overthe last decade.Following on from previous case studies in countriessuch as Tanzania, Chile and Ghana, the ICMM appliedits “Mining: Partnerships for Development Toolkit” toassess the impact of mining in the Lao PDR. The resultwas Utilizing mining and mineral resources to foster thesustainable development of the Lao PDR, the first-evernational economic and social assessment of large-scalemining’s contributions and impact.The study was undertaken as part of the ICMM’s ResourceEndowment and Mining Partnerships for Developmentinitiative, which supports member companies (such asMMG) to actively foster multi-stakeholder partnershipsfor development in the countries in which they operate.The research drew on a comprehensive range of dataand studies from both national and independent externalsources, including considering retrospective informationon the variety of current mining activity.Primarily it focused on the contributions of the twolargest mines in the country: MMG’s Lane Xang Minerals<strong>Limited</strong> (LXML) Sepon mine, the first major commercialprivate-sector operation established in Laos in 2002,and PanAust Ltd’s PBM Phu Kham gold and copper mine,which commenced production in 2008. The depth andquality of social and economic data provided by bothMMG and PanAust Ltd were highlighted by the authorsas reflective of commitments to sustainability.The report quantified significant direct and "flow-down”benefits, at both national and local levels, from themining operations. These were facilitated by successfulparallel national and regional government programs andgovernance measures that have encouraged both foreigndirect investment and regional development progress,while also controlling the macroeconomic challengesassociated with a surge in gross domestic product overthe past decade.In particular, this has resulted in avoidance of the “resourcecurse”, where, in many resource-rich countries withoutsuch adequate processes to temper investment activityeffects, local communities experience negative or negligibleimpacts from resource exploitation, while any wealthbenefits are concentrated at and confined to a restrictednational level.Mining has proven a significant contributor to the country’seconomy. Together with PanAust Ltd’s operation, Seponaccounts for over 90% of total national mining production.Nearly 1% of the national population is employed bythe mines.The assessment determined that the mining industryrepresents 80% of foreign direct investment, 45% oftotal exports, 12% of government revenues and 10%of national income.This contribution, through a direct revenue share dividend(10%), taxation, export earnings, and secondary servicesand salary tax contributions, has allowed the governmentto reduce foreign debt and build surpluses, consequentlyfacilitating regional and local development investmentand support.THE CONTRIBUTION OF MINING TO THE LAO PDRFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI)Since 2003, large-scale mining has accounted for 80% of FDIEXPORTSIn 2008, 45% of total exports were fromlarge-scale miningGOVERNMENT REVENUEIn 2009, mineral taxes contributed 12%of total government revenuesNATIONAL INCOMELarge-scale mining is expectedto contribute around 10% p.a.to GDP over next 15 yearsEMPLOYMENTJobs related tolarge-scale minesprovide 5% of nonagriculturalactivitiesFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI)Since 2003, large-scale mining has accounted for 80% of FDIEXPORTSIn 2008, 45% of total exports were fromlarge-scale miningGOVERNMENT REVENUEIn 2009, mineral taxes contributed 12%of total government revenuesNATIONAL INCOMELarge-scale mining is expectedto contribute around 10% p.a.to GDP over next 15 yearsEMPLOYMENTJobs related tolarge-scale minesprovide 5% of nonagriculturalactivitiesOn average, local family incomes near Sepon mine haverisen significantly as a result of mining employment.16
At a regional level, the report highlighted the followingSepon contributions for their long-lasting and positiveimpact on both Sepon employees and local stakeholders:» In just nine years of operation average incomes atSepon have increased seven-fold. The result of theseincreases in wealth is evidenced by changes in foodsecurity, improved housing and an increase in thenumber of motorbikes, mobile phones, refrigerators,water pumps and cars purchased. The number ofprivate bank accounts has also increased;» In 2010, Sepon employed 2,300 Lao people throughdirect employment, 1,600 indirectly and 9,750 peopleexternally by means of mine services demand. Personnelare predominantly local citizens;» In 2010, Sepon allocated a budgeted trainingexpenditure for employees of US$6,403,825;» In 2010, Sepon contributed US$412,044 to its SocialDevelopment Trust Fund; and» In 2007, Sepon was responsible for providing a totalincome of US$391,000 to Lao suppliers throughprocurement initiatives. This rose to US$2,217,394in <strong>2011</strong>.The report credits both MMG and PanAust Ltd. withdedicated local community employment, investmentand development programs which have had, and arecontinuing to have, a measurable effect on increasesin living standards, through local enterprise evolutionand viability, water, sanitation and communicationsinfrastructure, education and health improvements,and fundamental self-sufficiency gains.There is, however, attention drawn in the report tosome important challenges. The land disturbance andenvironmental impact of mining is not insubstantialon local populations. Higher education attendance hasalso dropped in some areas as an opportunity cost ofpreferential local employment at the mines. The reportalso found that increased land use by the mines is notoffset by increases in jobs, and that the communityremains vulnerable to cut-backs in indirect mineProducing MMG safety uniforms.employment if economic conditions degrade, as wasthe case during 2008–09’s global financial crisis.The report authors highlight that further governmentreform, economic control measures and communityinvestment partnerships will support the mines’ ongoingsustainability contributions. These are fundamentallydriven through MMG’s operational planning and itsvision and commitment to being an industry leader incorporate, environmental and social responsibility.When launching the report MMG Chief Executive OfficerAndrew Michelmore said “The analysis is a very hearteningvalidation of a decade of significant efforts to delivertangible community and national benefits”.“We must leave an area better off than when we arrived– that is the challenge for all mining companies,” he said.The full draft of the ICMM’s report, Utilizing mining andmineral resources to foster the sustainable developmentof the Lao PDR, was presented in February <strong>2011</strong> at aworkshop in Vientiane attended by 150 representativesfrom national and provincial governments as well as theNational Assembly. The report can be read and downloadedat the ICMM and MMG websites.MINING'S contribution to the current account OF THE Lao PDR1,500Total exports (constant $m)Total dividends paid abroad ($m)Total imports of good and services ($m)Impact on current account balance ($m)Total debt servicing ($m)1,2009006003000-300-60020002001200220032004200520062007200820092010<strong>2011</strong>201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202417