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The “Executive Functions” (EF),
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Being able to…(3) not giving in t
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(b) Working Memory:Holding informat
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orHolding information in mindwhile
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(c) COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITYbeing able
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In summary, Executive Functions inc
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There is much overlap between EF,es
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EF skills are important forschool r
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EF is important for school success.
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Many children beginschool lacking n
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I predict that improving youngchild
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Elena Bodrova & Deborah LeongThe To
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Tools of the Mind is anevidence-bas
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Vygotsky: Engagement in mature make
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Buddy Reading
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For Our Study: Both conditions invo
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All children came from thesame neig
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For our two EF outcome measureswe s
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HEARTS & FLOWERSCongruentIncongruen
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FLOWERS - INCONGRUENTNow you’ll s
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In all conditions, mental manipulat
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Dots Conditions: AccuracyPercent Co
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At every age studied, withoutexcept
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The opposite is true for young adul
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- Page 75 and 76: Dramatically Larger Flanker Effects
- Page 77 and 78: Percentage of Correct Responses onS
- Page 79 and 80: Whether children were inTools of th
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- Page 87 and 88: EF skills are not immutable;they ca
- Page 89 and 90: Environmental Influence onExecutive
- Page 91 and 92: Part of why social dramatic play is
- Page 93 and 94: Though often thought frivolous, pla
- Page 95 and 96: Take-home Message #3:Importance ofA
- Page 97 and 98: Take-home Message #4:Feedback Loops
- Page 99 and 100: Consider:Poor EF leads to problems
- Page 101 and 102: On the other hand, children whohave
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- Page 105 and 106: Many issues are not simplyEducation
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