Adele Diamond

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(c) COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITYbeing able to flexibly switchperspectives or the focus ofattention,flexibly adjusting to changeddemands or priorities.Note that shifting mental sets involves both:activating the new set& de-activating the old one
Why is COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY important?This is critical for creative problemsolving…for considering something from a freshor different perspective, and for ‘thinkingoutside the box.’
Page 2: The “Executive Functions” (EF),
Page 6 and 7: Being able to…(3) not giving in t
Page 8 and 9: (b) Working Memory:Holding informat
Page 10 and 11: orHolding information in mindwhile
Page 14 and 15: In summary, Executive Functions inc
Page 16 and 17: There is much overlap between EF,es
Page 18 and 19: EF skills are important forschool r
Page 20 and 21: EF is important for school success.
Page 22 and 23: Many children beginschool lacking n
Page 24 and 25: I predict that improving youngchild
Page 26 and 27: Elena Bodrova & Deborah LeongThe To
Page 28 and 29: Tools of the Mind is anevidence-bas
Page 30 and 31: Vygotsky: Engagement in mature make
Page 32 and 33: Buddy Reading
Page 34 and 35: For Our Study: Both conditions invo
Page 36 and 37: All children came from thesame neig
Page 38 and 39: For our two EF outcome measureswe s
Page 40 and 41: HEARTS & FLOWERSCongruentIncongruen
Page 44: FLOWERS - INCONGRUENTNow you’ll s
Page 52 and 53: In all conditions, mental manipulat
Page 54 and 55: Dots Conditions: AccuracyPercent Co
Page 56 and 57: At every age studied, withoutexcept
Page 58 and 59: The opposite is true for young adul
Page 60 and 61: Development from 4-13 Years of Cogn
Page 63 and 64:
Percentage of Correct Responses ont
Page 68:
Flanker Task
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300Flanker Effect by Stimulus Type2
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Dramatically Larger Flanker Effects
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Percentage of Correct Responses onS
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Whether children were inTools of th
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Academic outcomes wereobtained inde
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Correlation of Percentage of Correc
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Superior academic performance inchi
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EF skills are not immutable;they ca
Page 89 and 90:
Environmental Influence onExecutive
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Part of why social dramatic play is
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Though often thought frivolous, pla
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Take-home Message #3:Importance ofA
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Take-home Message #4:Feedback Loops
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Consider:Poor EF leads to problems
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On the other hand, children whohave
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The recent explosion in thediagnose
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Many issues are not simplyEducation
Page 108 and 109:
Storytelling is great forincreasing
Page 111 and 112:
Dance is more thanjust movement orp
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Adele Diamond

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