Adele Diamond

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Take-home Message #1:EF skills can be improvedeven in preschoolers.This can be done in regularclassrooms, with regularteachers, without specialequipment.
EF skills are not immutable;they can be improved.Many educators have wronglyassumed that while they can helpchildren improve their academicskills, EF abilities are innate andimmutable.
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The “Executive Functions” (EF),
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Being able to…(3) not giving in t
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(b) Working Memory:Holding informat
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orHolding information in mindwhile
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(c) COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITYbeing able
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In summary, Executive Functions inc
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There is much overlap between EF,es
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EF skills are important forschool r
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EF is important for school success.
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Many children beginschool lacking n
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I predict that improving youngchild
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Elena Bodrova & Deborah LeongThe To
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Tools of the Mind is anevidence-bas
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Vygotsky: Engagement in mature make
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Buddy Reading
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For Our Study: Both conditions invo
Page 36 and 37: All children came from thesame neig
Page 38 and 39: For our two EF outcome measureswe s
Page 40 and 41: HEARTS & FLOWERSCongruentIncongruen
Page 44: FLOWERS - INCONGRUENTNow you’ll s
Page 52 and 53: In all conditions, mental manipulat
Page 54 and 55: Dots Conditions: AccuracyPercent Co
Page 56 and 57: At every age studied, withoutexcept
Page 58 and 59: The opposite is true for young adul
Page 60 and 61: Development from 4-13 Years of Cogn
Page 63 and 64: Percentage of Correct Responses ont
Page 68: Flanker Task
Page 73 and 74: 300Flanker Effect by Stimulus Type2
Page 75 and 76: Dramatically Larger Flanker Effects
Page 77 and 78: Percentage of Correct Responses onS
Page 79 and 80: Whether children were inTools of th
Page 81 and 82: Academic outcomes wereobtained inde
Page 83 and 84: Correlation of Percentage of Correc
Page 85: Superior academic performance inchi
Page 89 and 90: Environmental Influence onExecutive
Page 91 and 92: Part of why social dramatic play is
Page 93 and 94: Though often thought frivolous, pla
Page 95 and 96: Take-home Message #3:Importance ofA
Page 97 and 98: Take-home Message #4:Feedback Loops
Page 99 and 100: Consider:Poor EF leads to problems
Page 101 and 102: On the other hand, children whohave
Page 103 and 104: The recent explosion in thediagnose
Page 105 and 106: Many issues are not simplyEducation
Page 108 and 109: Storytelling is great forincreasing
Page 111 and 112: Dance is more thanjust movement orp
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Adele Diamond

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