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TABLE OF CONTENTSPageACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF TABLESLIST OF FIGURESLIST OF PLATESLIST OF SYMBOLSLIST OF ABBREVIATIONLIST OF APPENDICESLIST OF PUBLICATIONS & SEMINARSABSTRAKABSTRACTiiivviiixxixiixiiixivxivivxviiCHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION1.1 Background 11.2 The importance of research 41.3 The objectives of the research 51.4 Scope of the research 6CHAPTER TWO : LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Introduction 82.2 Structure 92.3 Properties 152.4 Natural Occurrence of Zeolite 172.5 Synthesis of Zeolite 192.6 Application 232.6.1 Zeolite in Adsorption and Separation 232.6.2 Zeolite in Ion Exchange 252.6.3 Zeolite in Catalysis 312.6.4 Other Application 332.7 Comparison Between Natural and Synthetic Zeolite 342.8 Sol-Gel Processing on Hydrothermal Condition 382.8.1 General Description 38iv
2.8.2 Application to Zeolite Synthesis 422.8.3 Factors Affecting The Zeolite Synthesis 46CHAPTER THREE : MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL WORK3.1 Reagent and Chemicals 553.1.1 Fumed silica 563.1.2 Sodium Hydroxide Pellet Anhydrous (NaOH) 563.1.3 Anhydrous sodium aluminate 573.2 Sample Preparation and Experimental Procedure 573.2.1 Solution Preparation and Composition 583.2.2 Sequence of Mixing Order 613.2.3 Hydrothermal Treatment 613.2.4 Filtration, Washing and Drying 633.3 Characterization of The Synthesized Zeolite 643.3.1 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 643.3.2 Particle Size Analyzer 653.3.3 Determination of Specific Surface Area (BET) 653.3.4 Fourier Transformed Infra Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy 663.3.5 Pycnometer Density 673.3.6 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 683.3.7 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 683.4 Application 693.4.1 Cation Exchange Capacity Analysis (CEC) 69CHAPTER FOUR : RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS4.1 Zeolite Synthesis 714.1.1. Gelation and Crystallization Time 744.2 Characterization 804.2.1. XRD analysis 804.2.1.1. Phase identification 804.2.1.2. Crystallite size 894.2.2. Physico-chemical characteristic 904.2.2.1. Particle size analysis 904.2.2.2. Specific surface area 944.2.2.3. FTIR studies 97v
Page 1 and 2: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Z
Page 3: Last, but not least to my family es
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF TABLESPage2.1 Coordination
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES2.1 Basic structure
Page 11 and 12: 4.13 Particle size distribution of
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONNaOHSiO 2NaAlO
Page 17: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Z
Page 21 and 22: Synthetic zeolites on the other han
Page 24 and 25: 1.4 Scope of the researchDue to the
Page 26 and 27: CHAPTER 2Literature Review2.1 Intro
Page 28 and 29: variation in the chemical compositi
Page 30 and 31: Framework density (FD)/[T-atoms]/10
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2.4. Development of zeolite
Page 34 and 35: Table 2.2. Physico-chemical propert
Page 36 and 37: This classification is shown in Tab
Page 38 and 39: separation properties are discovere
Page 40 and 41: Table 2.6. Summary of principal pro
Page 42: (a) Odour controlZeolites are used

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