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4.2.3. Morphological studies 1034.2.3.1. SEM analysis 1034.2.3.2. TEM analysis 1104.3 Application of synthetic zeolite produced from sodiumaluminosilicate solution4.3.1. Ammonium removal by ion exchange 112112CHAPTER FIVE : CONCLUSIONS <strong>AND</strong> SUGGESTIONS FORFUTURE RESEARCH5.1 Conclusion 1145.2 Recommendation for future work 116REFERENCES 118APPENDICES 126Appendix A [Procedures for solution preparation] 127Appendix B [Calculation of CEC values] 132Appendix C [Experimental setup for CEC analysis] 135Appendix D [References of XRD Pattern] 136Appendix E [Publications and Seminars] 144vi
LIST <strong>OF</strong> TABLESPage2.1 Coordination of cation with oxygen in silicate structures 112.2 Physico-chemical properties of zeolite and molecular sieves 162.3 Physical properties of four types of zeolite 162.4 Trends in the properties of zeolites as a function of the Si/Alratio172.5 Genetic types of occurrence of zeolite 182.6 Summary of principal proposals for zeolite synthesismechanism, 1959-2004222.7 Application and advantages of zeolite as ion exchanger 272.8 Application of zeolite in catalysis 322.9 Health science and zeolite 342.10 Comparison between natural and synthetic zeolite 352.11 Synthetic counterparts of natural zeolites—Alkaline Metal 362.12 Synthetic counterparts of natural zeolites—Alkaline Earths 362.13 Synthetic counterparts of natural zeolites—Alkylammonium 372.14 Natural zeolites with no synthetic counterpart 372.15 The effect of SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 on physical properties of zeolite 473.1 The specification of chemical reagent used in this research 553.2 The properties of fumed silica (SiO 2 ) 563.3 The properties of anhydrous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 563.4 Some properties of anhydrous sodium aluminate (NaAlO 2 ) 573.5 The composition and ratio of Si:Al:Alk used for sodiumaluminosilicate solution preparation3.6 The sample identification and coding used for various reactionconditions in zeolite synthesis from aluminosilicate solution3.7 Reactor specification (Model Parr Mini Reactor, Series 4563),(Parr Operating Instruction, USA)585962vii
Page 1 and 2: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Z
Page 3 and 4: Last, but not least to my family es
Page 5: 2.8.2 Application to Zeolite Synthe
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES2.1 Basic structure
Page 11 and 12: 4.13 Particle size distribution of
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONNaOHSiO 2NaAlO
Page 17: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Z
Page 21 and 22: Synthetic zeolites on the other han
Page 24 and 25: 1.4 Scope of the researchDue to the
Page 26 and 27: CHAPTER 2Literature Review2.1 Intro
Page 28 and 29: variation in the chemical compositi
Page 30 and 31: Framework density (FD)/[T-atoms]/10
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2.4. Development of zeolite
Page 34 and 35: Table 2.2. Physico-chemical propert
Page 36 and 37: This classification is shown in Tab
Page 38 and 39: separation properties are discovere
Page 40 and 41: Table 2.6. Summary of principal pro
Page 42: (a) Odour controlZeolites are used

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